JP5498704B2 - 生分解性ポリウレタン系発泡体を調製するための組成物および生分解性ポリウレタン発泡体 - Google Patents
生分解性ポリウレタン系発泡体を調製するための組成物および生分解性ポリウレタン発泡体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5498704B2 JP5498704B2 JP2008555576A JP2008555576A JP5498704B2 JP 5498704 B2 JP5498704 B2 JP 5498704B2 JP 2008555576 A JP2008555576 A JP 2008555576A JP 2008555576 A JP2008555576 A JP 2008555576A JP 5498704 B2 JP5498704 B2 JP 5498704B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/36—Hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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Description
上述の態様に応じて、適用分野を増加し、簡単で速い加工処理/方法での製造を可能にするために改善された物理的および化学的性質を与えるポリヒドロキシアルカノエートから得られるポリマーおよびこのコポリマーを含む、また、大規模生産が経済的に実行可能である、生分解性ポリウレタン系発泡体を提供することが本発明の全体の目的である。
材料
ポリ(3−ヒドロキシ酪酸)−PHB
生分解性ポリマーの類の中で、エステル官能基を含む構造は、主に、物理的、化学的および生物学的性質におけるこれらの通常の生分解能ならびに汎用性により、極めて興味のあるものである。エネルギーおよび炭素の源として、広範囲の微生物により産生されるポリアルカノエート(カルボン酸から誘導されるポリエステル)は、生物学的発酵によりまたは化学的に合成することができる。
発酵工程:ここにおいて、微生物は、媒体において利用できる糖を代謝し、PHBを蓄えの源として細胞の内部に蓄積する;
抽出工程:ここにおいて、微生物の細胞の内部に蓄積されたポリマーが抽出され、固体の乾燥最終生成物が得られるまで精製される。
本発明において考慮される天然ポリオールは、市販の対象の分解性ポリウレタン生成物を得るために使用される生物学的源の再生可能な材料である。これらは、鎖が、イソシアネート基と反応してウレタン結合をもたらすことのできるヒドロキシル基を与える構造である。
イソシアネートは、記載されている生分解性ポリウレタン発泡体を形成する、ポリオールおよび添加剤との反応において使用される。得られる結果は、ポリオールとポリイソシアネートとの反応から生じる拡張の方法であり、少なくとも2つのイソシアネート官能基を含む。この方法の全体の反応は式4において記載され、この方法の全体の結合は式5において記載される。
添加剤は、得られる発泡体において変性および改善を促進する、少量において添加される化合物である。触媒、界面活性剤、顔料、充填剤、膨張剤、難燃剤、耐酸化剤、放射線保護剤が、個々にまたは混合物において好ましく使用される。
本発明の目的の発泡体を得るために、ポリオール、ポリイソシアネートおよび全ての成分ならびに添加剤は、一般に「発泡体射出機」と呼ばれる市場において確立された特定の装置において効率的に混合される。これらは、ポリオールおよびイソシアネート前駆試薬を正確に、そして効率的に添加して混合する装置である。
発泡体の組成物における試薬の割合によって、可変密度および強靭性の生成物が得られ、ポリ(ヒドロキシブチレート)の濃度の高い生成物は高密度を示し、ポリオールの濃度の高い生成物は低密度を示した。これらの発泡体は、強靭、半強靭または可撓性発泡体を必要とする任意の状態において使用することができる。記載されている発泡体の作動分野は、建設分野を除いて、発泡ポリスチレンと同じである。
本発明において引用されている発泡体の粉砕サンプルを、これらの生分解能について、120日の期間にわたって、生物学的に活性な土壌において評価した。この期間において、これらのサンプルは全体的に消滅し、材料の生分解能を特徴付けることが認められた。
Claims (12)
- ポリ(ヒドロキシブチレート)またはこのコポリマー;以下の生成物またはこれらの混合物:キシロース、アラビノース、グルコース、サッカロース、デキストロースシロップ、グリコースシロップ、マルトースシロップ、マルトデキストリン、デキストリン、アミロゲン、グリセリン、コーンスターチ、米デンプン、ポテトデンプンおよびマニオカデンプン、フミン酸、トリエタノールアミン、籾殻、キャスターケーキ、炭化籾殻、或いはひまし油、トウモロコシ油または大豆油から選択される植物油から誘導される再生可能源のポリオール;イソシアネート;ならびに触媒、界面活性剤、着色、充填剤および膨張の機能の1つを示す少なくとも1つの添加剤を含むことを特徴とする、生分解性ポリウレタン系発泡体を調製するための組成物。
- ポリ(ヒドロキシブチレート)またはポリ(ヒドロキシブチレート−バレレート)コポリマーで定義される生分解性ポリマーが、2%から50%にある質量割合において組成物中に提供されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 再生可能源のポリオールが、10%から50%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- イソシアネートが、1−メチル−ベンゼン2,4−ジイソシアネート、1−メチルベンゼン2,6−ジイソシアネート、1,1−メチレンビス(4−イソシアネートベンゼン)、1−イソシアネート−2(4−イソシアネートフェニル)ベンゼン、ナフタレン1,5−ジイソシアネート、1,1’,1”−メチレントリス(ベンゼン4イソシアネート)、p−フェニレンジイソシアネート、1,3,3’−トリメチルシクロヘキサン−5−イソシアネート−1−(メチルイソシアネート)、およびこれらの混合物であり、20%から60%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 触媒型の添加剤が、トリエチレンジアミン、ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミン、N−エチルモルフィリン、N−メチルモルフィリン、テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、ジメチルベンジルアミン、1−メチル−4−ジメチルアミンエチルピペラジン、N,N−ジエチル3−ジエチルアミンプロピルアミン、1−(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)イミダゾールまたは他の有機スズ、有機第二鉄、有機水銀および有機鉛触媒ならびにアルカリ金属の無機塩から選択され、0.5%から3%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 界面活性剤型の添加剤が、スルホン化リシノール酸の塩、ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)およびポリ(フェニルメチルシロキサン)から個々にまたは混合物において選択され、0.5%から3%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 顔料型の添加剤が、金属酸化物、カーボンブラック、アゾ化合物、フタロシアニンおよびジオキサジンから個々にまたは混合物において選択され、0.5%から3%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 充填剤型の添加剤が、アルミナおよびシリカから個々にまたは混合物において選択され、ならびに天然および合成繊維から選択され、0.5%から3%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 膨張剤型の添加剤が、ジフルオロクロロメタン、ジフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン、n−ペンタン、i−ペンタン、シクロペンタンまたはこれらの混合物から選択され、0.5%から3%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 膨張剤型の添加剤が水であり、0.5%から3%にある質量割合において組成物中に存在することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- ポリヒドロキシブチレートまたはポリ−ヒドロキシブチレート−バレレートコポリマーの質量において2%から50%;以下の生成物またはこれらの混合物:キシロース、アラビノース、グルコース、サッカロース、デキストロースシロップ、グリコースシロップ、マルトースシロップ、マルトデキストリン、デキストリン、アミロゲン、グリセリン、コーンスターチ、米デンプン、ポテトデンプンおよびマニオカデンプン、フミン酸、トリエタノールアミン、籾殻、キャスターケーキ、炭化籾殻、或いはひまし油、トウモロコシ油または大豆油から選択される植物油から誘導される再生可能源のポリオールの10%から50%;イソシアネートの20%から60%;触媒、界面活性剤、着色、充填剤および膨張の機能の1つを示す少なくとも1つの添加剤の0.05%から3%の反応からの生成物を含むことを特徴とする、電気−電子製品用の包装荷敷き、使い捨て食品包装、植物の育苗および水耕栽培のための農業用トレーならびに森林再生のための植物の苗の容器において使用される、生分解性ポリウレタン発泡体。
- ポリヒドロキシブチレートまたはポリ−ヒドロキシブチレート−バレレートコポリマーの質量において4%から30%;再生可能源のポリオールの15%から40%;イソシアネートの35%から55%;触媒、界面活性剤、着色、充填剤および膨張の機能の1つを示す少なくとも1つの添加剤の1%から2%を含むことを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の生分解性ポリウレタン発泡体。
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PCT/BR2007/000049 WO2007095713A1 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-02-23 | Composition for preparing a biodegradable polyurethane- based foam and a biodegradable polyurethane foam |
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US4263411A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1981-04-21 | Mooney Chemicals, Inc. | Polyurethane compositions and process for preparing polyurethane emitting reduced amounts of toxic fumes on burning using a cobalt, copper, nickel or manganese salt |
JPH0665345A (ja) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-03-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 新規生分解性重合体及び組成物 |
DE4315874A1 (de) * | 1993-05-12 | 1994-11-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Schaumstoffen |
DE59508729D1 (de) * | 1994-08-10 | 2000-10-26 | Peter Neuenschwander | Biokompatibles Blockcopolymer |
JPH09208652A (ja) * | 1996-02-05 | 1997-08-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 生分解性ポリエステルウレタン |
US6211325B1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-04-03 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | High strength plastic from reactive blending of starch and polylactic acids |
AU2001276905A1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-30 | Metabolix, Inc. | Polyurethanes obtained from hydroxyalkanoates and isocyanates |
IL140429A (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2007-06-03 | Orycle Applic Ltd | Polyurethane preparations are useful as energy absorbers and a method for their preparation |
CN1166715C (zh) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-09-15 | 清华大学 | 一种可生物降解聚氨酯弹性体的合成 |
JP4649840B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-17 | 2011-03-16 | 東ソー株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、該樹脂組成物の製造方法及び射出成形体 |
-
2006
- 2006-02-24 BR BRPI0600784-8A patent/BRPI0600784A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
- 2007-02-16 TW TW096106332A patent/TW200804446A/zh unknown
- 2007-02-16 TW TW096106266A patent/TW200804511A/zh unknown
- 2007-02-21 DO DO2007000035A patent/DOP2007000035A/es unknown
- 2007-02-23 US US12/280,388 patent/US20090253816A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-23 AU AU2007218997A patent/AU2007218997A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-23 JP JP2008555576A patent/JP5498704B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-23 CA CA002642695A patent/CA2642695A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-23 MX MX2008010890A patent/MX2008010890A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-02-23 WO PCT/BR2007/000049 patent/WO2007095713A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-02-23 CN CNA2007800141900A patent/CN101426855A/zh active Pending
- 2007-02-23 EP EP07710578A patent/EP1987102A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-02-23 KR KR1020087020646A patent/KR20080098045A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
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DOP2007000035A (es) | 2007-09-15 |
MX2008010890A (es) | 2008-09-04 |
EP1987102A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
US20090253816A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
CA2642695A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
JP2009527598A (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
CN101426855A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
AU2007218997A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
KR20080098045A (ko) | 2008-11-06 |
BRPI0600784A (pt) | 2007-11-20 |
WO2007095713A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
TW200804511A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
TW200804446A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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