JP5389127B2 - 量子通信システムに関する受信機 - Google Patents
量子通信システムに関する受信機 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
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- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 101150098161 APD1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02027—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for devices working in avalanche mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/107—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/002—Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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Description
この出願は、2010年9月13日に出願された、英国特許出願番号1015241.1に基づいて優先権の利益を主張し、全体が参照されることによりここに組み込まれる。
Claims (14)
- 量子通信システムに関する受信機であって、前記受信機は、少なくとも2つの基底から選択された基底を用いて符号化された光パルスを受信し、前記受信機は、前記光パルスを符号化するために用いられる可能な基底から選択された基底で測定を行なうデコーダと、該デコーダの出力を受信する光子検出システムとを具備し、
前記光子検出システムは、
アバランシェフォトダイオードと、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに光子検出のための降伏電圧よりも高いバイアスがかかるように、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに逆バイアスをかけるバイアス回路と、
光子吸収により前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに生じるアバランシェイベントを過渡電流として測定する第1測定回路と、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに流入するバイアス電流を測定する第2測定回路と、を具備し、前記第2測定回路は、1マイクロ秒以上の積分時間で前記バイアス電流を測定し、前記測定されたバイアス電流が閾値を超える場合に前記受信機がブラインド攻撃にさらされていることをコントローラに示す受信機。 - 量子通信システムに関する受信機であって、前記受信機は、少なくとも2つの基底から選択された基底を用いて符号化された光パルスを受信し、前記受信機は、前記光パルスを符号化するために用いられる可能な基底から選択された基底で測定を行なうデコーダと、該デコーダの出力を受信する光子検出システムとを具備し、
前記光子検出システムは、
アバランシェフォトダイオードと、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに光子検出のための降伏電圧よりも高いバイアスがかかるように、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに逆バイアスをかけるバイアス回路と、
光子吸収により前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに生じるアバランシェイベントを過渡電流として測定する第1測定回路と、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに流入するバイアス電流を測定する第2測定回路と、を具備し、前記第2測定回路は、前記測定されたバイアス電流が閾値を超える場合に前記受信機がブラインド攻撃にさらされていることをコントローラに示す受信機。 - 前記バイアス回路は、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードにDCバイアスを供給するDCバイアス電源を具備し、
前記第2測定回路は、前記DCバイアス電源に直列に提供される請求項1または請求項2に記載の受信機。 - 前記バイアス回路は、前記DCバイアスに直列に供給されるクエンチング抵抗を具備し、
前記クエンチング抵抗は、20kΩ以上の抵抗を有する請求項3に記載の受信機。 - 前記第2測定回路は、前記APDによって検出されたものを無視すべきであることを示すために予め定められた誤信号を出すことにより、電流異常をさらに示す請求項1または請求項2に記載の受信機。
- 前記予め定められた誤信号は、固定の電気パルスストリームである請求項5に記載の受信機。
- 前記第2測定回路は、検出器出力を無効にすることにより、電流異常をさらに示す請求項1または請求項2に記載の受信機。
- 前記第2測定回路は、前記バイアス電流が、単一光子レジームにおける前記アバランシェフォトダイオードの最大光電流の10%に対応する値を超えるかどうかを示す請求項1または請求項2に記載の受信機。
- 前記バイアス回路は、交流電圧バイアス電源および直流電圧バイアス電源を具備する請求項1または請求項2に記載の受信機。
- 前記交流電圧バイアス電源は、パルス、方形波または正弦波の形式でAC電圧を出力する請求項9に記載の受信機。
- 前記交流電圧バイアス電源は、周期的である請求項9に記載の受信機。
- 前記第1測定回路は、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードの容量性応答を補償するためのユニットをさらに具備する請求項1または請求項2に記載の受信機。
- 少なくとも2つの基底から選択された基底を用いて符号化された光パルスを送る送信部と、請求項1または請求項2に記載の受信機とを具備する量子通信システム。
- 量子通信システムに関する受信機において光子を検出する方法であって、前記受信機は、少なくとも2つの基底から選択された基底を用いて符号化された光パルスを受信し、前記受信機は、前記光パルスを符号化するために用いられる可能な基底から選択された基底で測定を行なうデコーダと、該デコーダの出力を受信する光子検出システムとを具備し、
前記光子検出システムは、アバランシェフォトダイオードを含み、
前記方法は、
光子検出のための降伏電圧よりも高い前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに逆バイアスをかけ、
光子吸収により前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに生じるアバランシェイベントを過渡電流として測定し、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードに流入するバイアス電流を測定し、前記測定されたバイアス電流が閾値を超える場合に前記受信機がブラインド攻撃にさらされていることをコントローラに示すことを具備する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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GB1015241.1 | 2010-09-13 | ||
GB1015241.1A GB2483518B8 (en) | 2010-09-13 | 2010-09-13 | A receiver for a quantum communication system |
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JP2012069944A JP2012069944A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
JP5389127B2 true JP5389127B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
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US (1) | US8890049B2 (ja) |
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