JP5348891B2 - 発熱触媒を備えてなる排気機構 - Google Patents
発熱触媒を備えてなる排気機構 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5348891B2 JP5348891B2 JP2007542130A JP2007542130A JP5348891B2 JP 5348891 B2 JP5348891 B2 JP 5348891B2 JP 2007542130 A JP2007542130 A JP 2007542130A JP 2007542130 A JP2007542130 A JP 2007542130A JP 5348891 B2 JP5348891 B2 JP 5348891B2
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
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Description
寸法が直径267mm(10.5インチ)x長さ152mm(6インチ)であり、容積8.5リットル(519in3)、セル密度62セルcm−2(400セルin−2)、壁厚0.15mm(0.06in)を有するセラミックフロースルー基材モノリス上にそれぞれ担持された一連の触媒試料を調製した。触媒試料の処方は、(i)Ptのみ、(ii)Pdのみ、(iii)Pt:Pd2:1、(iv)Pt:Pd1:1、及び(v)Pt:Pd1:2である。それぞれの場合、Pt及び/またはPdはアルミナ系担体材料上に担持され、総PGM装填量は、触媒試料(i)〜(v)の全てで同等であった。試験の前に、これらの触媒試料を空気中、700℃で200時間、続いてやはり空気中、750℃でさらに200時間エージングした。試験には、触媒試料を、試験台上の、10リットル、ターボチャージャを備えたエンジンの排気ラインに配置し、熱電対を入口面の前方25mm及び出口面の後方25mmに取り付けた。エンジンを一定速度で作動させ、触媒への入口温度275℃を毎時ガス空間速度(GHSV)45,000hrで発生させるために負荷を調節した。独立したディーゼル燃料注入装置を排気ライン中の触媒上流に、触媒試料の前面に一様で十分に配分される燃料スプレーを確保できる所に配置した。
直径152mm(6インチ)x長さ152mm(6インチ)、容積2.8リットル(170in3)、62セルcm−2(400セルin−2)、壁厚0.15mm(0.06in)を有するフロースルーモノリス上に被覆した別の組の触媒試料で実験を行った。触媒処方は、(iv)Ptのみ、及び(vii)Pt:Pd1:1であり、両方とも同じアルミナ担体上にあり、同じ総PGM装填量を有する。試験の前に、これらの触媒を例1と同様に400時間エージングした。次いで、これらの触媒を、試験台上の、6.0リットル、ターボチャージャを備えたエンジンの排気ラインに配置し、独立したディーゼル燃料注入装置を触媒上流に、例1と同様に配置した。入口温度は、触媒基材の前部の中に25mm(1インチ)で熱電対を使用して測定し、エンジンを4種類の定常状態速度で10分間作動させ、エンジン負荷を調節して温度225℃、250℃、275℃及び300℃を発生させた。空間速度は、負荷に応じて25〜35,000GHSVであった。各温度条件で、燃料を計算された濃度7,000ppm(HC)(C3)で触媒中に連続的に注入した。燃料注入が完了した後、排気温度をさらに10分間維持してから、次の入口温度設定点を得た。各温度設定点に対して、温度上昇及びHCすり抜け(ppm)を記録した。
100%白金 Pt:Pd1:1
入口温度(℃) 225 250 275 300 225 250 275 300
温度上昇(℃) -5 100 200 230 45 390 400 n.a.
HC除去(%) 75 88 92 95 83 95 >99 n.a.
Claims (14)
- 圧縮点火エンジンと、及び前記エンジン用の排気機構を備えてなる装置であって、
前記排気機構が、排ガスを処理するための少なくとも一個の排気機構部品と、及び前記少なくとも一個の排気機構部品を加熱するための発熱手段とを備えてなり、
前記発熱手段が、触媒及び排ガス中に炭化水素を注入し、前記触媒上で燃焼させるための手段を備えてなり、
前記触媒が、同じ担体材料上に担持された、パラジウム(Pd)成分及び白金(Pt)成分の両方からなり、
前記Pt成分及び前記Pd成分が、基材モノリスの下流末端の区域に配置され、及び
前記基材モノリスの上流末端が、Pdを含まないPt成分を含んでなる区域を備えてなるものである、装置。 - 前記触媒中のPt:Pdの重量比が5:1〜1:5である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記触媒中のPtとPdの総装填量が、0.353〜7.063g/l(10〜200gft−3)である、請求項1又は2に記載の装置。
- 前記上流末端中のPtの装填量が、0.353〜7.063g/l(10〜200gft−3)である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記担体材料が、アルミナ、シリカ、セリア、ジルコニア、チタニアおよびそれらのいずれか2種類以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記上流末端上の区域中の前記担体材料が、
(i)チタニア、ジルコニア、シリカ、又はそれらのいずれか2種類以上の混合物、又は
(ii)(a)アルミナと、及び(b)チタニア、ジルコニア、及びシリカの少なくとも一種との混合物、から選択されてなるものであり、
前記下流末端上の区域中の前記担体材料がアルミナを含んでなるものである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも一個の排気機構部品が、粒子状物質フィルター、NOx吸収材、選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒及びリーンNOx触媒からなる群から選択されてなるものを備えてなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記NOx吸収材が前記粒子状物質フィルターの上にある、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記基材モノリスが、前記少なくとも一個の排気機構部品の上流に配置されたフロースルーモノリスである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記基材モノリスが前記粒子状物質フィルターである、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 炭化水素を前記排ガス中に注入する前記手段が、前記炭化水素を前記排ガス中に、前記基材モノリスのすぐ上流で注入する注入装置を備えてなる、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 炭化水素を前記排ガス中に注入する前記手段が、前記エンジンの一個以上のシリンダーにおける注入装置を備えてなる、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記圧縮点火エンジンが、ディーゼルエンジンである、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 圧縮点火エンジンの排気機構中にある少なくとも一個の部品を加熱する方法であって、
同じ担体材料上に担持された、パラジウム(Pd)成分及び白金(Pt)成分の両方からなる触媒を、通常作動条件の際に排ガス中に存在する炭化水素の濃度より高い濃度の炭化水素を含んでなる排ガスと接触させ、前記少なくとも一個の排気機構部品を加熱するための熱を発生させることを含んでなり、
前記Pt成分及び前記Pd成分が、基材モノリスの下流末端の区域に配置され、及び
前記基材モノリスの上流末端が、Pdを含まないPt成分を含んでなる区域を備えてなるものである、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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GB0425708A GB2406803A (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2004-11-23 | Exhaust system comprising exotherm-generating catalyst |
GB0425708.5 | 2004-11-23 | ||
PCT/GB2005/050210 WO2006056811A1 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-22 | Exhaust system comprising exotherm-generating catalyst |
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EP (1) | EP1815112B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5348891B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR101513120B1 (ja) |
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AT (1) | ATE428846T1 (ja) |
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WO2006056811A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
JP2012125765A (ja) | 2012-07-05 |
KR20130126749A (ko) | 2013-11-20 |
US20080256935A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
US8925304B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
DE602005014001D1 (de) | 2009-05-28 |
EP1815112A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
HK1113811A1 (en) | 2008-10-17 |
BRPI0518479A2 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
CN102720570A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
EP1815112B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
US8220251B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 |
ATE428846T1 (de) | 2009-05-15 |
CN101061294B (zh) | 2012-08-08 |
GB2406803A (en) | 2005-04-13 |
MX2007006113A (es) | 2007-07-13 |
GB0425708D0 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
CN102720570B (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
US20150098879A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
JP2008520895A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
KR101403367B1 (ko) | 2014-06-03 |
US20120255283A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
KR20070084469A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
US9528408B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
CN101061294A (zh) | 2007-10-24 |
JP6295017B2 (ja) | 2018-03-14 |
KR101513120B1 (ko) | 2015-04-22 |
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