CN101061294A - 包括产生温升的催化剂的排气系统 - Google Patents

包括产生温升的催化剂的排气系统 Download PDF

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CN101061294A
CN101061294A CNA2005800397814A CN200580039781A CN101061294A CN 101061294 A CN101061294 A CN 101061294A CN A2005800397814 A CNA2005800397814 A CN A2005800397814A CN 200580039781 A CN200580039781 A CN 200580039781A CN 101061294 A CN101061294 A CN 101061294A
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catalyzer
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exhaust system
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B·P·G·G·M·奥格尔
P·R·菲利普斯
M·V·特威格
A·P·沃尔克
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Abstract

一种包括压燃式发动机及其排气系统的设备,包括至少一个用于处理废气的排气系统部件和用于产生加热至少一个排气系统部件的温升的装置,此产生温升的装置基本上由催化剂和用于将碳氢化合物注入废气中以在催化剂上燃烧的装置组成,此催化剂基本上由钯(Pd)组分和铂(Pt)组分二者以及设置在衬底整体料上的任选的支承材料组成。

Description

包括产生温升的催化剂的排气系统
本发明涉及一种用于例如柴油发动机的压燃式发动机的排气系统,并且其尤其涉及一种包括基本上由催化剂和用于将碳氢化合物注入废气以在催化剂上燃烧的装置组成的产生温升(exotherm-generating)的装置的排气系统。
柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)经设计以促进一氧化碳(CO)和碳氢化合物(HC)以及颗粒物质(PM)的可溶有机馏份(SOF)部分的化学氧化。附加的好处包括个别非控制的(non-regulated)、例如醛或多环芳香烃(PAH)的HC衍生的排放物的氧化,以及柴油机废气气味的的减少或消除。HC经氧化以形成二氧化碳(CO2)和水蒸汽而CO氧化为CO2。通常,DOC包括活性铂族金属(PGM),典型地为铂。
包括氧化铬(chromia),钯(Pd)和铂(Pt)的DOC是从US-A-4,303,552中获知的。
其中一些可能在DOC上发生的氧化反应会生成不希望有的产物,并且实际上对催化剂用途起相反作用地产生效果。二氧化硫(SO2)可以氧化为能与水蒸汽结合而形成气态硫酸(H2SO4)的三氧化硫(SO3)。硫酸蒸汽可与其它的水蒸汽结合而产生硫酸微粒,其在评定来自发动机的总的PM排放物中被检测为颗粒。硫还可以毒化DOC的氧化活性,并且被认为这就是为什么钯催化剂在市面上没有被更广泛地接受的重要原因。
尤其是用于轻型柴油机动车(如有关法律所限定的)的柴油发动机的压燃式发动机的废气温度较低(例如约300℃),而面对催化剂开发者的这样一个挑战就是开发具有低点火(low-light off)温度的耐用的催化剂配方。尽管从燃料衍生的硫在欧洲联盟国家中将被减少(从2005年1月1日,在Euro 4(批准类型)柴油机燃料中的最大硫含量将从350ppm降为50ppm,而该级别在2010年很可能将减少为10ppm),但是USA的级别在2007年之前没有因此从它们当前350ppm的级别减少。
为了满足现有和将来的颗粒物质的车辆排放标准,已有的建议是在以压燃式发动机为动力的车辆的排气系统中安装颗粒过滤器。适当的过滤器衬底可以包括陶瓷壁流式(wall-flow)过滤器和烧结金属过滤器。还已知的是催化过滤器以使颗粒物质的燃烧温度降低以便其不超过或接近在正常的驱动条件期间产生的废气温度。然而,轻型压燃式发动机的废气温度通常对于被催化的过滤器太低而不能被动地再生,并且因此已有的建议是在通过在被催化的过滤器上或在过滤器的上游的单独的催化剂上燃烧碳氢化合物燃料产生的温升中主动地使过滤器再生。这种布置例如介绍在GB-A-2064983中。
US-A-4,686,827介绍了一种用于柴油发动机的排气系统,其中电力加热的催化剂用于从注入废气中的碳氢化合物燃料产生温升以便下游的过滤器的活性再生。在一个实施例中,电力加热的催化剂为铂-钯。
在我们的WO 2004/025093中,我们介绍了一种可以第一模式和第二模式操作的压燃式发动机和一种装置,第一模式为正常运行的模式而第二模式相对于第一模式产生包括增加的级别的CO的废气,该装置在使用时在该两个模式之间转换发动机操作,发动机包括排气系统,排气系统包括与至少一种碱金属促进剂联合的被支承的Pd催化剂以及任选的与催化剂联合的和/或在该催化剂下游的被支承的Pt催化剂,其中CO在第二模式的操作期间由被支承的Pd催化剂氧化。根据该说明书,可以产生增加的CO:通过将HC注入排气系统,在部分的氧化催化剂之上;通过调整至少一个发动机气缸的点火定时;和/或调整至少一个发动机气缸的发动机空燃比。在一个实施例中,Pd催化剂和联合的碱金属以及任选的Pt催化剂组分包括柴油机氧化催化剂。
US 2002/0053202公开了一种组合的H2供应和SOF吸附-氧化催化剂,其包括用于协同下游的NOx吸收催化剂地使用和废气的空燃比的周期性富化的Pt,Pd和/或铑(Rh)和铈(Ce)中的至少一个。示例说明了H2供应和由Pt/CeO2和Pt/La.SiO2组成的SOF吸附-氧化催化剂。
我们现已非常意外地发现铂和钯的组合对于产生温升是比单独的同等量的Pt或Pd中的任一个更有活性的。也就是,在用于从碳氢化合物燃料产生温升的铂和钯之间存在着以前没有识别的协合作用。这个发现使铂-钯催化剂能够不用电加热地使用,以便排气系统不太复杂并且来自电力加热催化剂的燃料负担得到节省。此外,我们已识别更能抵抗硫毒化的,或可以更易于使用由碳氢化合物燃料的燃烧产生的温升而去硫化的某些实施例。
根据一个方面,本发明提供一种包括压燃式发动机及其排气系统的设备,其包括至少一个用于处理废气的排气系统部件和用于产生加热至少一个排气系统部件的温升的装置,此产生温升的装置基本上由催化剂和用于将碳氢化合物注入废气中以在催化剂上燃烧的装置组成,此催化剂基本上由钯(Pd)组分和铂(Pt)组分二者以及设置在衬底整体料上的任选的支承材料组成。
Pt组分和Pd组分可以以多个布置中的任一个进行组织。在第一个布置中,Pt和Pd组分在单独的洗涂层(washcoat layer)内。在第一个布置的一个实施例中,Pd组分和Pt组分二者均被支承在相同的支承材料上。在第二实施例中,Pd组分被支承在第一支承材料上而Pt组分被支承在第二支承材料上。在第三实施例中,Pt组分设置在衬底整体料的上游端上的区域内而Pd组分设置在衬底整体料的下游端上。
在第二个布置中,被支承在第一支承材料上的Pd组分在第一洗涂层内而被支承在第二支承材料上的Pt组分在第二洗涂层内。在此较后的布置中,第一洗涂层可以设置在第二洗涂层下面,或反之亦然。
应理解的是,在其中Pt组分和Pd组分为紧密联合的布置中,例如在其中Pd和Pt组分在相同的支承材料上的第一个布置的实施例中,Pt和Pd组分可以形成合金。通常,这产生了呈现两个部件的特性的活性部件。例如,合金是比Pt本身少金属性的。这对于其中催化剂暴露于高温的应用可以是有用的,这是因为合金比Pt本身更能抵抗烧结。而且,因为Pd与Pt相比是较差的NO氧化催化剂,所以合金可以比单独的Pd更有效地促进NO的氧化。因此,合金可以比烧结的Pt更好地保持HC和CO的氧化活性。
在其中Pt组分被支承在第一支承材料上而Pd组分被支承在第二支承材料上的实施例中,第一支承材料可以不同于第二支承材料。
选择性地,在另一布置中,Pt组分和Pd组分中的至少一个由衬底整体料本身支承。
在氧化催化剂中的Pt∶Pd的适当的重量比可以为6∶1到1∶6,任选的为4∶1到1∶2。在氧化催化剂中的Pt和Pd的典型的总含量(loading)可以为10到200g ft-3,任选的为40-100g ft-3
关于包含Pd的氧化催化剂的问题在于它们可以较快地被硫毒化,这对于具有较高染料硫的国家而言会是争论点。研究了减少或避免这个问题的方式后,我们发现一个解决办法就是将基本上没有Pd的Pt催化剂设置于在产生温升的包含Pt和Pd的催化剂区域的上游的衬底整体料的末端的区域内。基本上无Pd的包含Pt的区域可以一直到衬底整体料或″条″型尺寸的长度的一半。
在以上介绍的其中Pt组分区域设置在衬底整体料的上游端上而Pd组分区域设置在其下游端上的第一个布置的实施例中,基本上无Pd的包含Pt的区域可以包括Pt组分区域,或选择性地其可以是除Pt组分区域之外的。在较后的构造中,在基本上无Pd的包含Pt的区域中的Pt含量可以相同或不同于在Pt组分区域中的Pt含量。
通常,在上游端的催化剂中的Pt的含量可以为10到200g ft-3,任选的为30到150g ft-3
在一个实施例中,在上游端的催化剂中的Pt被支承在支承材料上。
典型地,该或每个支承材料选自氧化铝,二氧化硅,二氧化铈,氧化锆,二氧化钛和它们中的任何两个或多个的混合物或混合的氧化物。然而,在特别的实施例中,我们已发现在衬底整体料的前部的后方为产生温升的催化剂的Pd和Pt组分使用更耐硫的支承材料以及在衬底整体料的背部的前方为Pt和Pd组分使用更耐热的支承材料是有利的。这个实施例衍生自我们的观察:当在产生温升的催化剂的上游将HC注入废气中时,从衬底整体料的前面的大约最先的三分之一(first third)后方中的温度通常保持为较低的状态。因此,将更多耐硫的催化剂定位在此区域中是有利的,这是因为为了脱硫所联合的催化剂而增加其内的温度是更加困难的。
对比地,朝向衬底整体料的后面的温度在HC注入期间可以达到1000℃,在此将无重要困难地发生脱硫作用。然而,在此位置中的催化剂的耐热性能更是问题并且因此催化剂可以为了耐热性能具有优势地进行配制。
用于上游的耐硫的催化剂区域的洗涂的适当的支承材料可以选自二氧化钛,氧化锆,二氧化硅,它们中的任意两个或多个的混合物或混合的氧化物,以及氧化铝和二氧化钛,氧化锆或二氧化硅中的至少一个的混合的氧化物或复合的氧化物,鉴于氧化铝是为在衬底整体料的下游端的催化剂配方提供增加的耐热性能的更适当的支承材料。
此处限定的″复合的氧化物″意味着主要是包括至少两种组分的氧化物的无定形的氧化物材料,该氧化物不是真正混合的由至少两种组分组成的氧化物。
在包括在包含Pd和包含Pt的产生温升的催化剂区域的上游的基本上无Pd的包含Pt的区域的氧化催化剂的地方,耐硫的支承材料的区域无需对应基本上无Pd的包含Pt的区域的那样并且相同的是包含Pd和包含Pt的区域以及耐热的支承材料的区域的情形。
至少一个排气系统部件可以包括任选的被催化的颗粒过滤器,NOx吸收剂,选择性的催化还原(SCR)催化剂或贫化的(lean)NOx催化剂。NOx吸收剂(通常为例如钡,钙或锶的碱土金属的氧化物,或例如钾或铯的碱金属的氧化物)可以形成NOx收集器的部分,NOx收集器典型地包括涂覆在流通式(flow-through)整体料衬底上的Pt氧化催化剂和铑还原催化剂。选择性地,上述的NOx吸收剂可以装载在颗粒过滤器上。在过滤器包括NOx吸收剂,氧化催化剂和NOx收集器的还原催化剂的地方,这种布置经常被称为′四向的(four-way)催化剂′或FWC。
实际上,在排气系统包括NOx吸收剂的地方,间歇地并入了适当的控制装置以降低在废气中的氧气浓度,从而再生NOx吸收剂并且减少如此排放在NOx还原催化剂上的NOx。这种控制装置为本领域内的技术人员所习知并且包括改变其中一个或多个发动机气缸或注入器的燃料注入定时,该注入器用于将例如HC的适当的还原剂直接注入在NOx吸收剂的上游的废气中。根据本发明的用于产生温升的燃料注入器可以为此用于其中NOx吸收剂和产生温升的催化剂在相同的衬底整体料上的实施例中,如下所述。
在一个示范性的实施例中,衬底整体料是设置在至少一个排气系统部件的上游的陶瓷或金属的流通式整体料。在这种布置中,催化剂可以配置为DOC以便在温升产生事件之间处理CO和HC。然而,应该理解的是,催化剂为了低HC点火而进行了调整活性以便达到其作为产生温升的催化剂的初级的功能。在一个实施例中,至少一个排气系统部件为过滤器,并且产生温升的装置以预选定的有规律间隔或响应例如跨过过滤器的背压的传感器输入而促进了过滤器再生。
根据另一实施例,至少一个排气系统部件为NOx收集器,应理解的是,存在最佳的温度窗口(window)用于NOx吸收和NOx吸收剂的再生并且用于NOx还原。可以操作产生温升的装置以响应所检测的NOx收集器温度而维持NOx收集器温度在所希望的温度范围内。
在选择性的实施例中,至少一个排气系统部件包括衬底整体料。根据至少一个排气系统部件的特性,衬底整体料可以为流通式整体料或颗粒过滤器。
在其中衬底整体料为颗粒过滤器的特别的实施例中,产生温升的催化剂设置在在衬底整体料的前端上的″条″或区域构造内,并且基本上无Pd的Pt催化剂涂覆在其下游,其中Pt支承材料可以为氧化铝。该构造是在高温应用中是有用的,在于因Pt∶Pd合金的化效应而使烧结Pt/氧化铝可以比烧结的产生温升的催化剂更有效地促进NO氧化。
用于将HC注入废气中的装置可以包括用于在产生温升的催化剂的上游直接将HC注入废气中的注入器,或者选择性地是在发动机的一个或多个气缸中的注入器。
在一个实施例中,压燃式发动机可以为柴油发动机,任选的为轻型柴油发动机。
根据第二方面,本发明提供了一种加热压燃式发动机的排气系统中的至少一个部件方法,此方法包括通过将催化剂与废气接触产生用于加热至少一个排气系统部件的温升,催化剂基本上由钯(Pd)组分和铂(Pt)组分二者和设置在衬底整体料上的任选的支承材料组成,废气相对于在正常操作条件期间存在于废气中的碳氢化合物的浓度包括增加的碳氢化合物浓度。
为了可以更充分地理解本发明,仅以举例说明的方法并且参考附图提供了以下示例,其中:
图1是显示了在以275℃的入口温度的稳定状态条件期间,在将HC以7,000ppm(C3)在催化剂的上游注入之前、其间和之后的仅为Pt的氧化催化剂、仅为Pd的氧化催化剂和Pt∶Pd为1∶1的氧化催化剂的HC减少率(ppm)相对于时间的曲线图;
图2是显示了在以275℃的入口温度的稳定状态条件期间,在将HC以7,000ppm(C3)在催化剂的上游注入之前、其间和之后的不同的Pt∶Pd的三种氧化催化剂的HC减少率(ppm)相对于时间的曲线图;
图3A,图3B,图3C和图3D显示了举例说明根据特征是设置在排气系统部件的上游的单独的产生温升的催化剂的本发明的实施例一系列的示意图;以及
图4A和图4B显示了举例说明其中排气系统部件包括产生温升的催化剂的本发明的实施例的示意图。
参照图3,10总体上指的是根据本发明的用于压燃式发动机的排气系统,而12表示用于将废气从发动机输送到排气系统的各种部件以便废气后处理和/或在废气被传递到大气之前消除发动机噪音。箭头指示在系统中废气流动的方向和″上游″和″下游″应据此解释。
在图3A中,13指的是包括催化剂涂层14的流通式整体料衬底,催化剂涂层14的特征是支承Pt组分和Pd组分二者的颗粒支承材料的单独的洗涂层。选择性地,催化剂涂层14可以包括Pt组分和Pd组分,每个都被支承在在单独的洗涂层内的单独并且任选的彼此不同的支承材料上。催化剂涂层14的布置还可以包括在第一洗涂层中的被支承的Pt组分,被支承的Pd组分的第二洗涂层涂覆在其上,或者是Pd组分可以在Pt组分层下面的层中。标识为15的零件是用于将易燃的HC输送到在13的上游的废气中的注入器,此注入器由发动机控制单元(ECU)的任选的部分的适当编程的控制装置控制。零件16为至少一个排气系统部件,例如任选的被催化的颗粒过滤器,SCR催化剂,NOx收集器,四向的(four-way)催化剂或贫化的NOx催化剂。
图3B,图3C和图3D说明了流过的整体料衬底13的选择性的实施例。在图3B中,18表示产生温升的催化剂的Pt组分,而20为其Pd组分。图3C显示了用于包含较高量的硫的燃料的选择性的布置,其中除部件18和20之外,一″条(stripe)″基本上无Pd的、比18的Pt含量高的Pt催化剂22定位在流通式衬底整体料13的上游端。当然图3B还可以代表复合的实施例,其特征是以与产生温升的催化剂的Pt组分基本上相同的Pt含量的基本上无Pd的Pt催化剂,也就是在Pt组分18的的上游侧的该″条″基本上无Pd的Pt催化剂是与其中在22中的Pt含量大于等于18中的Pt含量的Pt组分18邻接的。图3D说明了其中基本上无Pd的Pt催化剂22是定位在上述的14的其中任一实施例的上游侧的实施例。
参照图4A,共用与图3A-D中的相同标号的物品代表了在上文所介绍的相同的零件。标号23表示颗粒过滤器衬底整体料并且涂有类似于参考图3A-D中的零件14进行介绍的那些的单层或双层洗涂布置24。图4B说明了图4A的实施例,其中一″条″比24的Pt含量高的、基本上无Pd的Pt催化剂22定位在过滤器衬底23的产生温升的催化剂24的上游端上。在过滤器衬底23涂有包括产生温升的催化剂的Pt和Pd组分的组合物、例如氧化钡的NOx吸收剂以及铑还原催化剂的地方,催化剂组合物被称作四向的催化剂26。
                      示例1
准备了一组催化剂样品,每个都被支承在陶瓷流通式衬底整体料上,整体料具有以下尺寸:直径267mm(10.5inch)×长度152mm(6inch)以及8.5litre(519inch3)的体积,在62cell cm-2(400cellinch-2)的细胞密度和0.15mm(0.06inch)的壁厚处。催化剂样品的配方如下:(i)仅为Pt;(ii)仅为Pd;(iii)2∶1的Pt∶Pd;(iv)1∶1的Pt∶Pd;和(v)1∶2的Pt∶Pd。在每种情况下,Pt和/或Pd都被支承在氧化铝基的支承材料上并且总的PGM含量(loading)跨越包含(i)至(v)的全部催化剂样品是相等的。在测试之前,催化剂样品在空气中以700℃进行200小时的老化,接着还在空气中进一步以750℃进行200小时的老化。为了测试,催化剂样品定位在10升(litre)的排气管道内,在测试台上的涡轮增压的发动机具有安装在入口面前部25mm和出口面后部25mm处的热电偶。发动机以稳定速度运行并且调整负荷以便以45,000hr-1的按小时的气体空间速率(GHSV)产生275℃的入口温度给催化剂。独立的柴油机燃料注入器在催化剂的上游地设置在排气管道内,在其能确保燃料均匀、充分分布式的喷射在催化剂样品的前面的位置中。
一旦获得稳定的条件,即连续注入大约7,000ppm的碳氢化合物(HC)(C3)到催化剂中大约700秒,促使催化剂的出口温度升高至大约600℃。HC在催化剂出口处的量(ppm)在全部注入期间都进行测量。
图1显示了催化剂样品(i),(ii)和(iv)的HC减少率(slip)。可以看出的是,为Pd的催化剂相比于仅为Pt的催化剂允许当注入开始时的更高程度的HC减少率,但是这较快地减小了催化剂温度上升。仅为Pt的催化剂,尽管最初的HC减少率较小,但是允许HC更多地时间通过(through with time)并且HC减少率的速度以比仅为Pd的催化剂更高程度地变得恒定。仅为Pt的催化剂(未示出)的出口温度也比其中任一中所测试的包含Pd的催化剂样品更低,这可能是因为催化剂表面的焦化。1∶1的Pt∶Pd催化剂显示了在贯穿注入的持续时间内差不多恒定的,低HC的减少率并且因此是对包含单独的金属样品二者的重要的改善。
图2显示了Pt∶Pd催化剂样品(ii),(iv)和(v)的比较结果,尽管相比于包含至少相等含量的Pt的样品,比率为1∶2的Pt∶Pd催化剂样品当HC开始注入时反应稍慢并且稳定所用的时间较长,但是它们全部显示了类似的性能。
                      示例2
以不同组的涂覆在流过整体料上的催化剂样品进行了试验,整体料为152mm(6inch)的直径×152mm(6inch)的长度以及2.8litre(170inch3)的体积,在62cell cm-2(400cell inch-2)的细胞密度以及0.15mm(0.06inch)壁厚处。催化剂配方由仅为Pt的(vi)和1∶1的Pt∶Pd的(vii)组成,它们二者在相同的氧化铝支承件上并且在相同的总的PGM含量。测试之前,催化剂以与示例1类似的方式进行400小时的老化。它们然后安装在在测试台上的6.0litre的、涡轮增压的发动机的排气管道内,如示例1,测试台具有定位在催化剂的上游的独立的柴油机燃料注入器。入口温度使用热电偶在进入催化剂衬底的前部25mm(1inch)处进行测量,并且通过调整发动机负荷,发动机以四个稳定状态的速度运行10分钟以便产生225℃,250℃,275℃和300℃的的温度。空间速率范围作为负荷的函数从25到35,000GHSV地变化。在每个温度条件下,燃料都以计算出来的7,000ppm HC(C3)的浓度被连续10分钟地注入催化剂。燃料注入完成之后,在获得下一个入口温度设定值之前,排气温度保持进一步的10分钟。对于每个温度设定值,温度都上升并且HC减少率(ppm)被记录。
表1概括了催化剂上的稳定的温度上升和在注入时间的期间的HC的大约的消除百分比。数据确认了Pt∶Pd催化剂以较低的入口温度以及比Pt系统少的HC减少率产生较高的温度上升,因此显示了极好的用于颗粒过滤器的再生的燃料燃烧特性。
                        表1
  100%Pt   1∶1的Pt∶Pd
  入口温度(℃)   225   250   275   300   225   250   275   300
  温度上升(℃)   -5   100   200   230   45   390   400   n.a.
  HC消除(%)   75   88   92   95   83   95   >99   n.a.

Claims (27)

1.一种包括压燃式发动机及其排气系统(10)的设备,包括至少一个用于处理废气的排气系统部件(16)和用于产生用于加热所述至少一个排气系统部件的温升的装置,此产生温升的装置基本上由催化剂(14)和用于将碳氢化合物注入废气以便在所述催化剂上燃烧的装置(15)组成,此催化剂基本上由钯(Pd)组分和铂(Pt)组分二者以及任选的设置在衬底整体料上的支承材料组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述Pd组分和所述Pt组分均被支承在相同的支承材料上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述Pd组分被支承在第一支承材料上并且所述Pt组分被支承在第二支承材料上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,被支承在第一支承材料上的所述Pd组分在第一层内并且被支承在第二支承材料上的所述Pt组分在第二层内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一层在所述第二层下面。
6.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,所述Pt组分设置在在所述衬底整体料的上游端的区域(18)内,并且所述Pd组分设置在在所述衬底整体料的下游端的区域(20)内。
7.根据权利要求3,4,5或6所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一支承材料不同于所述第二支承材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,其中至少一个所述Pt组分和所述Pd组分由所述衬底整体料本身进行支承。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,在所述催化剂中的Pt∶Pd的重量比为5∶1到1∶5,任选的为2∶1到1∶2。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,在所述催化剂中的Pt和Pd的总的含量为10-200g ft-3,任选的为40到100g ft-3
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述再生装置(14)的所述Pt组分和所述Pd组分设置在所述衬底整体料的下游端上并且所述衬底整体料的上游端(22)包括基本上没有Pd的Pt催化剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其特征在于,在所述上游端催化剂中的所述Pt的含量为10到200g ft-3,任选的为30-150g ft-3
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的设备,其特征在于,在所述衬底整体料的所述上游端上的所述Pt催化剂被支承在支承材料上。
14.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述或每个支承材料都选自氧化铝,二氧化硅,二氧化铈,氧化锆,二氧化钛和它们中的任意两个或多个的混合物或混合的氧化物。
15.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述衬底整体料包括上游区域和下游区域,其中在所述上游区域中的所述支承材料选自二氧化钛,氧化锆,二氧化硅,它们中的任意两个或多个的混合物或混合的氧化物,以及氧化铝和二氧化钛,氧化锆或二氧化硅中的至少一个的混合的氧化物或复合的氧化物,并且在所述下游区域中的所述支承材料包括氧化铝。
16.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述至少一个排气系统部件包括颗粒过滤器。
17.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述至少一个排气系统部件包括NOx吸收剂。
18.根据当从属于权利要求16时的权利要求17所述的设备,其特征在于,所述NOx吸收剂在所述颗粒过滤器上。
19.根据权利要求1到15中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述至少一个排气系统部件包括选择性的催化还原(SCR)催化剂。
20.根据权利要求1到15中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述至少一个排气系统部件包括贫化的NOx催化剂。
21.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述衬底整体料是设置在所述至少一个排气系统部件的上游的流通式整体料。
22.根据当从属于权利要求17,19或20时的权利要求21所述的设备,其特征在于,所述至少一个排气系统部件包括所述衬底整体料。
23.根据权利要求16或18所述的设备,其特征在于,所述衬底整体料为所述颗粒过滤器。
24.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述用于将碳氢化合物注入所述废气中的装置包括用于将所述碳氢化合物在所述衬底整体料的上游直接注入废气中的注入器。
25.根据权利要求1到23中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述用于将碳氢化合物注入所述废气中的装置包括在所述发动机的一个或多个气缸内的注入器。
26.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述压燃式发动机为柴油发动机,任选的为轻型柴油发动机。
27.一种加热压燃式发动机的排气系统中的至少一个部件的方法,此方法包括通过将催化剂与废气接触而产生用于加热所述至少一个排气系统部件的温升,所述催化剂基本上由钯(Pd)组分和铂(Pt)组分二者和设置在衬底整体料上的任选的支承材料组成,所述废气相对于在正常操作条件期间存在于所述废气中的碳氢化合物的浓度包括增加的碳氢化合物浓度。
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CN101061294B (zh) 2012-08-08
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KR20070084469A (ko) 2007-08-24
EP1815112B1 (en) 2009-04-15
JP2008520895A (ja) 2008-06-19
US20150098879A1 (en) 2015-04-09
KR101403367B1 (ko) 2014-06-03
CN102720570B (zh) 2016-06-22
BRPI0518479B1 (pt) 2018-06-12
GB0425708D0 (en) 2004-12-22
BRPI0518479A2 (pt) 2008-11-18
US9528408B2 (en) 2016-12-27
ATE428846T1 (de) 2009-05-15
US8925304B2 (en) 2015-01-06
KR101513120B1 (ko) 2015-04-22
MX2007006113A (es) 2007-07-13
JP6295017B2 (ja) 2018-03-14
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JP2012125765A (ja) 2012-07-05
EP1815112A1 (en) 2007-08-08
US8220251B2 (en) 2012-07-17
WO2006056811A1 (en) 2006-06-01
GB2406803A (en) 2005-04-13
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DE602005014001D1 (de) 2009-05-28
CN102720570A (zh) 2012-10-10

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