JP5345693B2 - 極性オレフィンブロックと無極性オレフィンブロックを有する新規なコポリマー - Google Patents
極性オレフィンブロックと無極性オレフィンブロックを有する新規なコポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
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- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
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- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
- C08F4/80—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from iron group metals or platinum group metals
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Description
本発明はさらに、有機金属錯体の第VIII〜X族に属する金属をベースにした単一成分触媒系を使用して、オレフィン・ブロックとビニル極性モノマーブロックとを有するコポリマーを得る方法にも関するものである。
本発明の目的は、所与の単一成分の触媒系の存在下で極性モノマーと非極性モノマーとを共重合して、一つ以上の極性モノマーブロックと一つ以上の無極性モノマーブロック、特にエチレンブロックとを含むブロック共重合体を製造する方法を提供することにある。
(a)Metは第VIII、IXおよびX族に属する金属を表し、
(b)Yは上記金属を酸化させるリガント分子を表し、C、Hおよび0、S、PおよびNの中から選択される少なくとも一つの原子をベースにしたヘテロ原子基から成り、好ましくはフェノキシタイプの基であり、
(c)LはC、Hおよび0、S、PおよびNの中から選択される少なくとも一つの原子をベースにした錯化分子から成り、好ましくはイミンまたはイライド(ylide)タイプの基であり、
(d)L'は一座配位式の電子供与型の錯体化分子、例えばフォスフィンまたはピリジン、好ましくはフォスフィン、より好ましくはトリフェニルホスフィンを表し、
(e)Rは1〜20のC原子を有するアルキルまたはアルキルアリールタイプまたは6〜20のC原子を含むシクロアルキルまたはフェニルタイプの炭化水素ベースの基であり、好ましくはメチルまたはフェニル基である)
(1)不飽和カルボン酸、例えばアクリル酸またはメタアクリル酸およびこれらの誘導体、
(2)不飽和カルボン酸エステル、例えばアクリル酸ブチルおよびメタアクリル酸メチルおよびこれらの誘導体、
(3)スチレン誘導体、例えばスチレンまたはα−メチルスチレン、α−オレフィン、エチレンまたはプロピレンと組み合わせた場合には極性モノマーと考えられる、
(4)アクリルアミド誘導体およびメタクリルアミド系、例えばアクリルアミドおよびメタクリルアミドおよびこれらの誘導体、
(5)アクリロニトリルおよびこれらの誘導体。
(a)Metは第VIII、IXおよびX族に属する金属を表し、
(b)Yは上記金属を酸化させるリガント分子を表し、C、Hおよび0、S、PおよびNの中から選択される少なくとも一つの原子をベースにしたヘテロ原子基から成り、好ましくはフェノキシタイプの基であり、
(c)LはC、Hおよび0、S、PおよびNの中から選択される少なくとも一つの原子をベースにした錯化分子から成り、好ましくはイミンまたはイライド(ylide)タイプの基であり、
(d)YとLは共有結合で結合されていてもよく、
(e)L'は一座配位式の電子供与型の錯体化分子、例えばフォスフィンまたはピリジン、好ましくはフォスフィン、より好ましくはトリフェニルホスフィンを表し
(f)Rは1〜20個のC原子を有するアルキルまたはアルキルアリールタイプまたは6〜20個のC原子を含むシクロアルキルまたはフェニルタイプの炭化水素ベースの基であり、好ましくはメチルまたはフェニル基である)
本発明方法で得られるブロック共重合体は一つ以上の極性モノマーブロックと一つ以上の無極性モノマーブロックとから成る。
(1)溶液重合用の不活性な炭化水素ベースの溶剤、
(2)バルク重合用の液体極性モノマー
溶剤中で上記定義の有機金属錯体を反応させる。
(1)重合温度を上げる、
(2)系にルイス塩基を加える、例えばトリフェニルホスフィンPPh3をx当量加える(xは金属に対して1〜20当量)、
(3)エチレン圧力(従って、媒体中のエチレン濃度)を下げる。
「p-a」が極性モノマー(p)と無極性モノマー(a)との間の結合として定義され、
「p-p」が極性モノマー(p)と極性モノマー(p)との間の結合として定義され、
「a-a」が無極性モノマー(オレフィン)(a)と非極性モノマー(オレフィン)(a)との間の結合として定義される、
場合、下記関係を満たす構造を有することが分かっている:
Σp−a/Σp−p<<1
Σp−a/Σa−a<<1
Σp−a>1(各ポリマー鎖で)
(1)第一に、「p-a」タイプのタイプ結合の合計と「p-p」タイプの結合の合計との比が1よりはるかに小さく、
(2)第2に、「p-a」タイプの結合の合計と「a-a」タイプの結合の合計と比が1よりはるかに小さく、
(3)各ポリマー鎖で、「p-a」タイプの結合の合計が1より大きい。
(ここで、Met、R、L、L'およびYは上記と同じ意味を有する)
の有機金属錯体から成る触媒系の、少なくとも一つの無極性モノマー、特にエチレンと少なくとも一つの極性モノマーのブロック共重合での使用にある。この錯体は少なくとも一つの無極性オレフィンブロックと少なくとも一つの極性オレフィンブロックとを有するコポリマーを得るのに使用できる。上記有機金属錯体は、共触媒を加えずに、媒体中で活性である点に注意されたい。
驚くことに、同じ触媒系で各種極性モノマー(実施例1〜3)のラジカル単独重合と共重合を行うことができる。さらに、この触媒系は、エチレンおよび極性モノマーの存在下でコモノマーの共重合および三元共重合(実施例4〜12)を行うことができ、全く新しいブロック共重合体を製造することができる。これはオリジナルなことで知られている。これらのコポリマーおよびターポリマーは各モノマーを0.1モル%〜99.9モル%含むことができる。さらに、本発明で報告される活性(ポリマーのg/金属のモル数/時間で測定)は文献に記載の最も活性なものより活性が高い。
熱的性質(融点およびガラス遷移温度)はSetaram DSC 131機でDSC(示差走査熱量計)で測定した。使用した昇温プログラムは20℃から150℃まで10℃/分の速度温度増加に対応する。
Grubbs, Organometallics 1998 17, 3149 Matt, Chemistry--A European Journal, 12(20), 5210-5219; 2006)
2つのタイプのニッケル錯体を用いた極性モノマーの共重合
実施例1〜3ではコモノマーの各種比率でコモノマーをバルクで共重合した。有機金属錯体を(必要に応じてトリフェニルホスフィンと一緒に)上記コモノマー中に溶かした。反応物をし鵜用した丸底フラスコを恒温浴に浸して重合温度を上記定義の温度に固定した。反応時間t後に冷却して重合を止め、メタノールからポリマーを沈殿させて得た。乾燥後、反応物の量(g)から収率のポリマー特徴質量(m)を得た。
2つのコモノマーの反応性の比の値から生じた重合機構を識別できるので、それらは機構情報の基本的な要素である。これらの反応性比を得るためには、先ず第一に、共重合の式を決定する必要がある。モノマーAおよびBの重合反応では下記が考慮される:
[Ni]=2.2mM、
V全モノマー=10m1(モノマーのバルク重合)
m3pph3=20mgのPPh3(PPh3添加の場合)、
T=70℃、重合時間=3時間
従って、ポリオレフィン触媒を使用したアクリル酸ブチルとスチレンとの共重合機構は当然ラジカル機構である(rAおよびrBは文献:Polymer Handbookに報告されている値rA(styrene)=0.81およびrB(BuA)=0.22)と一致)。反応性比の計算からコポリマー組成図が得られる(スチレンとアクリル酸ブチルとの共重合の例を添付の[図1]に示す)。反応性比の値から再計算した曲線は(PPh3の添加の有無にかかわらず)測定した実験値と良く一致する。
[Ni]=2.2mM、
V全モノマー=10m1
m3pph3=20mgのPPh3(PPh3添加の場合)、
T=70℃、重合時間=3時間
共重合を上記極性モノマーの2つの他の組合せで実行した(MMAはメタクリル酸メチル)。最小二乗法を用いてこの共重合でコモノマーペアーの反応性比を求めることができる。
2つのタイプのニッケル錯体を用いたエチレンと2つの極性モノマーとの共重合
共重合を160m1撹拌反応器中で実行した。Xmgの触媒(さらに必要に応じてトリフェニルホスフィン)を50mlの極性モノマーに溶かし、エチレンの圧力を溶液に加えた。重合全体にわたって温度およびエチレン圧力は一定に維持した。反応時間t後、冷却して重合を停止し、反応装置を脱気し、メタノールから沈殿させてポリマーを得た。乾燥後、反応の量(g)から収率のポリマー特性質量mを得た。実施例4〜9はタイプA触媒を使用した。
持続期間は120分に維持した。これはエチレンに関して測定された活性が安定である時間である。
13C NMRから、コポリマー中のエチレンおよびMMA単位の交互変化に起因するエチレンとMMAに対応する信号(21.9/22.6/23.5/32.8/33.5/34.8ppm)が区別できる。これらの信号強度は低く、コポリマーのブロックの種類(交互かランダムか)を反映する。DSCはポリエチレンブロックの長さが不十分で、有意な溶融現象にならないことを示している。
従ってエチレンのホモポリマーはない。
以下の実施例ではタイプB触媒を使用する。
Claims (5)
- 無極性モノマーがエチレンである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 極性モノマーが不飽和カルボン酸およびその誘導体、不飽和カルボン酸エステル、α−オレフィン、エチレンまたはプロピレンと組み合わせた時に極性モノマーと考えられるスチレン誘導体、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミドおよびこれらの誘導体、および、アクリロニトリルとその誘導体から成る群の中から選択される請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 無極性モノマーがエチレンである請求項4に記載の使用。
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