JP5288804B2 - 超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物 - Google Patents
超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5288804B2 JP5288804B2 JP2007546722A JP2007546722A JP5288804B2 JP 5288804 B2 JP5288804 B2 JP 5288804B2 JP 2007546722 A JP2007546722 A JP 2007546722A JP 2007546722 A JP2007546722 A JP 2007546722A JP 5288804 B2 JP5288804 B2 JP 5288804B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 71
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950011392 sorbitan stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003445 sucroses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical compound NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical class [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
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- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
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- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
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- B01J20/286—Phases chemically bonded to a substrate, e.g. to silica or to polymers
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
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Description
ガラス相の一体物を生成させることができる。この方法で作られた材料は、一般に狭い範囲の気孔の大きさ分布を持って、互いに連通する開いた気孔を表わしている。このタイプの空気乾燥によるキセロゲルは、合成条件によって異なるが、直径で通常15Å(オングストローム)よりかなり小さい多くの気孔又はチャンネルを持っている。
るものである。しかし、この方法を使用すると、微細気孔を無くすることは非常に困難であって、クロマトグラフによる分離の際、実施を制限する。さらに、この方法はゲルを作り、その後付加工程を実施してゲルの構造を修飾することを必要とするので、この方法は複雑であって時間のかかる操作である。
この発明のもう1つの目的は、望ましい大径気孔体積を持った超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物を提供することである。
この発明のさらに他の目的は、微細気孔を実質的に持たない超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物を提供することである。
R1 n‐Si‐X4‐n
で表わされるシランで修飾することができる。式中のR1は水素、C1−C100の置換され又は置換されないヒドロカルビル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、又はヘテロアリールから独立して選ばれ、そこでの置換基はC1−C12のヒドロカルビル、ヒドロキシル、アルコキシ、ハロゲン、アミノ、ニトロ、スルホ、シアノ、グリシジル、カルバミド、及びカルボニルから選ばれ、式中のnは0,1,2又は3であり、Xは脱離基である。ゾルゲル一体物は、トリメチルクロロシランのような末端キャップ剤で修飾することもできる。
℃までの温度でか焼することが好ましい。或る具体例では、例えばゾルゲルを200℃に
加熱して乾燥し、その後に温度を400℃又はそれ以上に上昇させることによって、乾燥とか焼の工程を同時に行う。その上に、乾燥とか焼の工程は、約400℃以下から400
℃から約1000℃又はそれ以上までの範囲内のより高い温度まで、温度を次第に上昇させることによって同時に行うことができる。さらに、超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物は、固化させて多孔性ガラスの一体物にすることができ、多孔性ガラスの一体物はまたクロマトグラフによる分離又は他の目的に役立つものであって、例えば多孔性ガラス一体物の気孔表面上に結合させ及び/又は被覆することができる重合体、有機又は無機の相及び/又は有機又は無機の層を使用して、その気孔表面を修飾することができる。
特別のことわりがない限り、この発明は特定のシラン、気孔生成剤等に限定されないということが、この発明を詳細に説明する前に理解されなければならない。また、ここで用いられている用語は、特定の具体例を説明する目的で用いているだけであって、この発明の範囲を限定する積りではない、ということも理解されなければならない。
ゾルゲル一体物の微細構造は、ゾルから湿ったゲル一体物をゲル化させる間に起こる加水分解と重合の速度によって影響される。シリカを基材とするゾルはテトラエチルオルソシリケート(TEOS,(C2H5O)4Si)から、例えばTEOSを水と、エチルアルコールのような希釈剤又は溶剤と、触媒と混合することによって得ることができ、加水分解が次の反応によって起こる、
(C2H5O)4Si+4H2O → 4C2H5OH+Si(OH)4.
そのSi(OH)4分子は重合してSiO2の網と水とを生じる。触媒があればその種類と濃度及び温度の関係を含む多くの因子が、加水分解と重合の動力学に影響を与える。
又はそれ以上までの温度でか焼することが好ましい。或る具体例では、乾燥とか焼の工程
は、例えばゾルゲルを200℃で乾燥状態まで加熱し、その後温度を400℃又はそれ以上に上昇させることによって、同時に行うことができる。その上に、乾燥とか焼の工程は
、温度を約400℃以下から400℃ないし約1000℃又はそれ以上までの範囲内のより高い温度に徐々に上昇させることによって、同時に行うことができる。さらに、超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物は固凝させて多孔性ガラスの一体物にすることができ、その一体物はまたクロマトグラフによる分離又は他の目的に役立つものであり、また、例えば多孔性ガラス一体物の気孔表面に結合し又は気孔表面を被覆するような重合体、有機又は無機の相及び又は層を用いて、その気孔表面を処理して修飾することができる。
修飾して結合された相を作ることができ、例えば望ましい化学基を結合させて特定の吸着特性を与えることができる。ゾルゲルは例えばトリメチルクロロシランのような小さなシリル化剤を用い、表面に存在する残存シラノール基と反応させて末端キャップを施すことができる。これらの修飾は以下により詳しく説明する。
ゾルゲル前駆体は、ゾルゲル反応を経てゾルゲルを生成することができる加水分解可能な配位子を持った金属及びメタロイド化合物である。適当な加水分解可能な配位子は、ヒドロキシル、アルコキシ、ハロ、アミノまたはアシルアミノである。ゾルゲル反応に加わる最も普通の金属酸化物はシリカであって、その他の金属及びメタロイドも使用でき、例えばジルコニア、バナジア、チタニア、酸化ニオブ、酸化タンタル、酸化タングステン、酸化チタン、酸化ハフニウム、及びアルミナ又はこれらの混合物若しくは複合物であって、反応性金属酸化物、ハロゲン化物、アミン等を含み、反応してゾルゲルを生成することの可能なものが使用できる。このゾルゲル前駆体に加えることのできる追加の金属原子は、マグネシウム、モリブデン、コバルト、ニッケル、ガリウム、ベリリウム、イットリウム、ランタン、錫、鉛、及び硼素であって、際限がない。
気孔生成剤の使用は、超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物の製造で助けとなる。相分離された体積の存在するゾルゲル一体物の製造は、大径気孔及び/又は大きな中径気孔を持つゾルゲル一体物を提供し、そのゾルゲル一体物はゾルゲル一体物に一層大きい気孔率を与え、溶剤に対してすぐれた流量を与える。
HO(C2H4O)a(‐C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH
で表わされ、プルロニック及びポロキサマーの商品名で市販されているものである。他の有用な界面活性剤は、砂糖のエステル界面活性剤、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル例えばソルビタンモノラウレート、ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ソルビタンモノステアレート、ソルビタントリステアレート、及び他のSpan(登録商標)系界面活性剤、グリセロール脂肪酸エステル例えばグリセロールモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体例えば高分子量の脂肪族アルコールのポリオキシエチレンエーテル(例えばBrij30,35,58,78及び99)、ポリオキシエチレンステアレート(自己乳濁化)、ポリオキシエチレン40ソルビトールラノリン誘導体、ポリオキシエチレン75ソルビトールラノリン誘導体、ポリオキシエチレン6ソルビトールビーズワックス誘導体、ポリオキシエチレン20ソルビトールビーズワックス誘導体、ポリオキシエチレン20ソルビトールラノリン誘導体、ポリオキシエチレン50ソルビトールラノリン誘導体、ポリオキシエチレン23ラウリルエーテル、ブチル化されたヒドロキシアニソールを伴なったポリオキシエチレン2セチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン10セチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン20セチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン2ステアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン10ステアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン20ステアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン21ステアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン20オレイルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン40ステアレート、ポリオキシエチレン50ステアレート、ポリオキシエチレン100ステアレート、ソルビタンの脂肪酸エステルのポリオキシエチレン誘導体例えばポリオキシエチレン4ソルビタンモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレン20ソルビタントリステアレート、及び他のTween(登録商標)系界面活性剤、燐脂質及び燐脂質脂肪酸誘導体例えばレシチン、脂肪アミンオキサイド、脂肪酸アルカノールアミド、プロピレングリコールモノエステル及びモノグリセリド、例えば水素添加されたパームオイルモノグリセリド、水素添加された大豆油モノグリセリド、水素添加されたパームステアリンモノグリセリド、水素添加された植物油モノグリセリド、水素添加された綿実油モノグリセリド、精製パーム油モノグリセリド、一部水素添加された大豆油モノグリセリド、綿実油モノグリセリド、ひまわり油モノグリセリド、カノーラ油モノグリセリド、スクシニル化されたモノグリセリド、アセチル化されたモノグリセリド、アセチル化され水素添加された植物油モノグリセリド、アセチル化され水素添加されたココナッツ油モノグリセリド、アセチル化され水素添加された大豆油モノグリセリド、グリセロールモノステアレート、水素添加された大豆油を含んだモノグリセリド、水素添加されたパーム油を含んだモノグリセリド、スクシニル化されたモノグリセリドとモノグリセリド、モノグリセリドと菜種油、モノグリセリドと綿実油、モノグリセリドとプロピレングリコールモノエステルソジアムステアロイルラクチレイトシリコンジオキサイド、ジグリセリド、トリグリセリド、ポリオキシエチレンステロイダルエステル、エチレンオキサイドで重合されたオクチルフェノールから作られたTriton-X系の界面活性剤、この場合商品名中の数「100」は構造中のエチレンオキサイド単位の数に間接的に関係しており(例えばTriton X-100(登録商標)は、一分子あたり平均N=9.5エチレンオキサイド単位を持ち、平均分子量625である)、また市販品中には少量存在するより低い及び高いモルの付加生成物と、Triton X-100(登録商標)に類似の構造を持った化合物とを含んでおり、Igepal CA-630(登録商標)とNonidet P-40M(登録商標)(NP-40(登録商標),N-lauroylsarcosine, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.)等を含んでいる。界面活性剤の分子中にある炭化水素鎖は、すべて飽和でも不飽和でも、水素添加されていてもいないものであってもよい。
超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物の作成後に、必要ならばゾルゲルを結合相で修飾する。結合相はこの技術分野で公知の従来法を使用して作られ、又は2004年2月12日に出願された上記特許文献17で実施されているように、一体物の形を修飾するために、必要ならば(例えば一体物中に反応物を流して)改造される。結合相はヒドロカルビル部分、例えばC1-100又はそれ以上、普通はC1-30(例えばC18又はC8)、アリール部分(例えばフェニル又はナフチル)、又は極性部分、例えばシアノ、ウレタン、カルバミド、アミノ、スルホンアミド、(例えばシアノプロピル、C15H31CONH(CH2)3Si(OMe)3,CH3CONH(CH2)3Si(OMe)3),C8H17OCONH(CH2)3Si(OEt)3,NC(CH2)3SiMe2Cl等を含み、際限がない。結合相を作るのに用いられるシランは、市販されており又は従来の合成方法で作ることができる。極性部分を持ったシランを使用して、極性部分が結合されている結合相を与えることができる。有機合成の当業者は、例えば適当なアリルエーテル、アミド、カルバミド等をジメチルエトキシシランと反応させて、所望の極性成分を持ったジメチルエトキシシランを生成させることにより、極性シランを合成することができる。例えばO−アルキル−N−(トリアルコキシシリルアルキル)ウレタンをNauほかの上記特許文献18に記載されたところに従って作ることができる。さらに、極性シランはLiuほかの上記特許文献19及びNeueほかの上記特許文献20に記載されている。
R1 n‐Si‐X4‐n
で表わされ、式中R1は、水素、C1−C100の置換され又は置換されていないヒドロカルビル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、又はヘテロアリールから独立に選ばれ、そこでの置換基はC1−C12ヒドロカルビル、ヒドロキシル、アルコキシ、ハロゲン、アミノ、ニトロ、スルホ、シアノ、グリシジル、カルバミド、及びカルボニルから選ばれ、式中nは0,1,2又は3であり、式中Xは脱離基である。Xはハロゲン、C1−C12アルコキシ、アミノ又はC1−C12アシルオキシであり、Xがハロゲンであるときは、nは0である。
気孔の大きさ分布曲線は、気孔直径(D)に対する気孔体積(V)の誘導から決定され(dV/dlogD)、気孔直径(D)に対してプロットされる。モード気孔の大きさは気孔の大きさ分布曲線のdV/dlogDの値が最大(最大値のピークが示している)の気孔の大きさである。気孔の大きさの分布曲線は、窒素ガスの吸着の測定により、例えば数個の等式によって得られる吸着等温線から誘導される。吸着等温線の測定方法は、一般に資料を液体窒素の温度まで冷却し、窒素ガスを導入し、固定変位又は重量測定により吸着された窒素の量を決定することから成る。導入される窒素ガスの圧力は次第に増加され、平衡圧力ごとの窒素ガスの吸着量をプロットして吸着等温線を作る。この吸着等温線からCranston-Inklay法、Dollimore-Heal法、BET法、BJH法などにおける方程式によって気孔の大きさ分布曲線を導くことができる。
超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物を作る方法は、簡単で価格が効果的で時間がかからない。これに対し、先行技術の方法はゾルゲルの調製と、その後にゾルゲル中の構造を修飾し又は中径気孔分布を修飾するために、熱的又は化学的な改造処理を必要としている。これらの方法はまた一般に分離を妨害する微細気孔を無くすることができない。
この発明に係る方法によって作られた超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物は、クロマトグラフのカラム又は他の装置の形でクロマトグラフ及び分析用分離の用途面で有利に使用することができ、そこではそのような装置が流れ特性の改良と、背圧の減少と、微細気孔の減少とシラノール残渣の減少とをもたらし、これによって基本検体に対するピークテイリングが除去される。例えばゾルゲル一体物は、毛管カラム又はカートリッジ系の中へ入れられる。一体の吸着剤は固くて外装との間に空所を生じるので、空所を形成せず圧力の安定した状態にあるカラム、フィルター又はカートリッジなどを提供するために一体物を外装することは興味のあることである。1つの具体例ではゾルゲル一体物は、例えば上記特許文献21に記載されているように、カートリッジを作るのに用いることができ、上記特許文献21が記載するカートリッジは一体の吸着剤を入れた外装カラムであって、吸着剤と接続系とを持ち、吸着剤は少なくとも一端にキャップが付設された一体の吸着剤であって、接続系は少なくとも1つの分離された支持ネジと少なくとも1つの端片とからなり、上記端片は溶離剤の供給と排出の接続のために支持ネジ上に固定されている。その代わりに、実施例8に記載するようにゾルゲル一体物は、キャップを使用しないでカートリッジ系に入れられてもよい。
させて多孔性ガラス一体物にすることができ、この形でクロマトグラフの分離に用いることができ、又はその気孔表面を修飾することによって他の目的に役立つものとなる。例えば、重合体、有機又は無機の相及び/又は層を多孔性ガラス一体物の気孔表面に結合及び/又は表面に被覆して特殊な吸着特性を付与することができる。
省略記号
TEOS テトラエトキシシラン
PEG ポリエチレングリコール
HF 弗化水素酸
ゾルゲルの調製:
ポリチレングリコール(PEG)(1.1g,分子量20,000)を2.5gの弗化水素酸(HF,1.2M)と4.3gのメタノールの混合物に溶解した。撹拌しながらテトラエトキシシラン(TEOS,5.6g)を上記溶液に入れ、一様な混合物を作った。5分後に混合物を試験管に入れ、5℃に保持した。30分後にゾルは白いゲルになったので、ゲルをその後乾燥し、600℃の温度で10時間か焼した。図1Aはそのゲル構造の
操作電子顕微鏡(SEM)映像(3000倍)を示している。SEM顕微鏡写真はそのゾルゲルが超多孔性一体物構造を持っていることを確認している。
Micromeritics TriStar 3000(Norcross,GA)を使用してBET表面積を決定したところ、図4に示したように、531m2/gであり、中径気孔体積が1.13cc/gで、中径気孔モード直径が102Åであった。t−プロット分析は実際に微細気孔を示さなかった。水銀侵入を使用して、全気孔体積を5.4cc/gと決定した(水銀気孔測定機、Porous Materials Incorp., Ithaca,NY)。この測定技術は約1.3μmの直径を持った大径気孔の存在を示している。
実施例1に記載した実験装置に類似の装置中で、PEG(1.06g,分子量10,000)をメタノール(4.31g)、水(1.33g)及び弗化水素酸(HF,1.16g,2.6モル)の混合溶液に溶解した。撹拌しながら、TEOS(5.60g)を上記混合物中に入れ、一様な溶液を作った。5分後にゾルを試験管に入れ、5℃に保持した。約30分後にすべてのゾルが白いゲルになったので、ゲルを乾燥し、600℃でか焼した
。水銀侵入試験を使用して、全気孔体積を測定したところ、4.6cc/gであった。Micromeritics TriStar 3000上で窒素吸収を実施したところ、図5に示したように、BET表面積が290m2/gであり、中径気孔モード直径が162Åであり、中径気孔体積が1.50cc/g(P/P0=0.98)であった。図2に示したように、t−プロットを使用すると、実際には微細気泡は検出されなかった。
PEG(0.71g,分子量20,000)をメタノール(2.87g)と、エタノール(1.65g)と、水(0.88g)と、弗化水素酸(HF,0.77g,2.6モル)との混合溶液に溶解した。撹拌しながら、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS,3.74g)を上記溶液に加え、一様な溶液を作った。5分後にゾルを試験管に入れ、25℃に保持した。約40分後に、すべてのゾルが白いゲルになったので、ゲルを乾燥し600℃でか焼した。水銀侵入試験を使用して全気孔体積を測定したところ、5.0cc/gであっ
た。Micromeritics TriStar 3000を使用して窒素吸収を実施したところ、BET表面積が452m2/gで、中径気孔モード直径が142Åであり、中径気孔体積が1.34cc/g(P/P0=0.98)であった。t−プロットを使用すると、実際に微細気孔は検出されなかった。
非イオン性界面活性剤Pluronic F68(0.44g,BASF)を1.11gの水と、3.59gのメタノールと、2.07gの試薬アルコールと、0.96gのHF(2.6モル)との混合物に溶解した。撹拌しながら5.0mlのTEOS(4.67g)を上記溶液に加え、一様な混合物を作った。5分後にゾルを試験管に入れ、室温に保持した。30分後にすべてのゾルが白いゲルになったので、ゲルをその後乾燥し、600℃で10時間か焼した。
非イオン性界面活性剤Pluronic F68(0.88g,BASF)を1.11gの水と、3.59gのメタノールと、2.07gの試薬アルコールと、0.96gのHF(2.6モル)との混合物に溶解した。撹拌しながら5.0mlのTEOS(4.67g)を上記溶液に加え、一様な混合物を作った。約5分後にゾルを試験管に入れ、5℃に保持した。約1時間後にすべてのゾルが白いゲルになったのでゲルを乾燥し、600℃の温度で10時間か焼した。
実施例1に記載した実験装置に類似の装置内に、非イオン性界面活性剤Pluronic F68(0.47g,分子量8,400)をメタノール(3.78g)と、試薬アルコール(2.17g)と、弗化水素酸(HF,2.62g,1.2モル)との混合溶液に溶解した。撹拌しながら、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS,4.67g)と、メチルトリエトキシシラン(0.22g)との混合物を上記溶液に加え、一様な溶液を作った。5分後にゾルを試験管に入れ、5℃に保持した。ゾルが30〜40分以内に白いゲルとなったので、ゲルを180℃で乾燥した。
非イオン性界面活性剤Pluronic F68(0.47g,分子量8,400)をメタノール(3.78g)と、試薬アルコール(2.17g)と、弗化水素酸(HF,3.06g,1.2モル)との混合溶液に溶解した。撹拌しながら、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS,4.67g)と、オクチルトリエトキシシラン(0.34g)との混合物を上記の溶液に加えて、一様な溶液を作った。5分後にゾルを試験管に入れ、25℃に保持した。15分から20分後に、すべてのゾルは白いゲルになったので、ゲルを180℃で乾燥した。
内径0.3mmで長さ150mmのガラスで内張りされたステンレススチールチュービング(GLT)を用いて、クロマトグラフィーカラムを作った。実施例1に記載したように溶液を作り、エッチング又は前処理なしで溶液をGLTチュービング内に注入し、5℃に一夜保持した。その後カラムを乾燥し、600℃の温度で10時間か焼した。
Claims (13)
- (a)気孔生成剤と、シリコンのアルコキサイド又はハライドと、式
CH3(CH2)nOH
で表されるアルカノール(式中nは0−12)と、弗化水素酸又は弗化水素酸源とを含む水溶液を作り、
(b)その溶液を放置してゲルを生成させ、
(c)高温でそのゲルを乾燥する
ことからなることを特徴とする、60%ないし97%の全気孔率を持った超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物の製造方法。 - 前記アルカノールがメタノール、エタノール又はプロパノールである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記弗化水素酸源がF2(g)、I族元素の弗化物、II族元素の弗化物、III族元素の弗化物、IV族元素の弗化物、V族元素の弗化物、VI族元素の弗化物、又は弗化物の塩から選ばれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記弗化水素酸源が、F2(g),KHF2,BF3,SiF4,GeF4,NF3,PF3,PF5,PF3Cl2,SF4,SF6,NH4HF2,フルオロシラン,フルオロゲルマン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記弗化水素酸が1モルのゾルゲル前駆体あたりHF1モルまでのモル比で存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに(d)前記ゲルを少なくとも400℃の温度でか焼することを含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 乾燥工程とか焼工程とを同時に行う、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法によって製造される超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物。
- 前記(a)の工程と(b)の工程とを溶液の凝固点と溶液の沸点との間の温度で行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記(c)の工程を400℃までの温度で行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記気孔生成剤が、親水性重合体または界面活性剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに前記超多孔性のゾルゲル一体物を結合相で修飾することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ゾルゲル一体物を式
R1 n‐Si‐X4‐n
で表わされるシランで修飾する、請求項1に記載の方法。
上記式中R1は水素、C1−C100の置換され又は置換されないヒドロカルビル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール又はヘテロアリールから独立して選ばれ、また置換基はC1−C12のヒドロカルビル、ヒドロキシル、アルコキシ、ハロゲン、アミノ、ニトロ、スルホ、シアノ、グリシジル、カルバミド及びカルボニルから選ばれ、またnは0,1,2または3であり、Xは脱離基である。
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TWI315997B (en) | 2009-10-21 |
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US7439272B2 (en) | 2008-10-21 |
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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