JP5287136B2 - 有機光電変換素子及びそれを用いた太陽電池 - Google Patents
有機光電変換素子及びそれを用いた太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5287136B2 JP5287136B2 JP2008271623A JP2008271623A JP5287136B2 JP 5287136 B2 JP5287136 B2 JP 5287136B2 JP 2008271623 A JP2008271623 A JP 2008271623A JP 2008271623 A JP2008271623 A JP 2008271623A JP 5287136 B2 JP5287136 B2 JP 5287136B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
i)有機半導体材料の励起子拡散長の短さ、
ii)有機半導体材料を厚膜塗布する困難さ、の2つの理由のために厚膜化は困難であった。
〔有機光電変換素子の層構成〕
図1は従来の有機光電変換素子の断面図を示す。図1において、基板11の一方面上に、第1の電極(通常、透明電極)12が堆積され、それとほぼ同等の面積を有する正孔輸送層17、バルクへテロジャンクション層14、電子輸送層18、及び第2の電極(通常、金属電極)13が順次積層されている。
(1)通常のフォトレジスト上に撥液性の薄膜を製膜し、2層を同時に露光・現像する方法、
(2)表層に撥液性の置換基が自発的に集合することで、通常の露光・現像プロセスを行うだけで表層は低表面エネルギーに、側面は高表面エネルギーになるフォトレジストを用いる方法(例えば特開2003−11974号公報に開示のフォトレジスト)
(3)高表面エネルギーの隔壁パターンを形成後、インクジェット等の液滴吐出法によって隔壁パターン上部のみに低表面エネルギーを形成する方法などを挙げることができる。
上記のようなプロセスによって隔壁を形成した後、透明電極上に各種有機層を積層することによって、有機光電変換素子を形成することができる。本発明においては、有機光電変換素子の面積が隔壁によって小区画に分割されている以外は、従来公知の層構成を用いて作製することができる。
本発明のバルクへテロジャンクション層に用いられるp型半導体材料としては、種々の縮合多環芳香族低分子化合物や共役系ポリマーが挙げられる。
本発明のバルクへテロジャンクション層に用いられるn型半導体材料としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、フラーレン、オクタアザポルフィリン等、p型半導体のパーフルオロ体(パーフルオロペンタセンやパーフルオロフタロシアニン等)、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド等の芳香族カルボン酸無水物やそのイミド化物を骨格として含む高分子化合物等を挙げることができる。
〔有機光電変換素子の作成プロセス〕
次いで、本発明の有機薄膜太陽電池の作製プロセスについて説明する。図6は、本発明の有機薄膜太陽電池を製造する概略フロー図である。
<比較の有機光電変換素子1の作製>
ガラス基板上に、インジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)透明導電膜を110nm堆積したもの(シート抵抗13Ω/□)を、通常のフォトリソグラフィ技術と塩酸エッチングとを用いて10cm幅にパターニングして、透明電極(第1の電極)を形成した。
前記有機光電変換素子1の作製において、ITO上に下記の工程に従って隔壁を作製した。
前記有機光電変換素子2の作製において、隔壁のパターンを以下のように変更した以外は、前記有機光電変換素子2と同様にして光電変換素子3を得、同様に変換効率とBHJ層膜厚を測定した。
<本発明の有機光電変換素子4の作製>
前記有機光電変換素子3の作製において、隔壁を形成するフォトレジストを特開2003−11974の実施例1に記載のフッ素化ポリイミドに変更し、ポリイミドの焼成条件を250℃1時間に変更した以外は、前記有機光電変換素子4と同様にして有機光電変換素子4を得、同様に変換効率とBHJ層膜厚を測定した。
前記有機光電変換素子3の作製において、隔壁の形成を下記のインクジェット法によって形成した以外は、前記有機光電変換素子4と同様にして光電変換素子5を得、同様に変換効率とBHJ層膜厚を測定した。
前記有機光電変換素子5の作製において、ポリイミドによる隔壁の形成を行う前に、隔壁と同様のパターンで、銀ナノ粒子インク(Advanced Nano Products社製、DGP45LT)を用いて描画を行い、140℃15分間の加熱を行うことによって開口部0.99cm角、サブセル数100、線幅0.2mm、高さ1μmの補助電極線パターンを得た。その上からさらに、前記有機光電変換素子5と同様のポリイミドによる隔壁を、前記の銀ナノ粒子インクで形成したパターンを完全に被覆するように形成した以外は、有機光電変換素子6と同様にして有機光電変換素子7を得、同様に変換効率とBHJ層膜厚を測定した。
前記有機光電変換素子6の作製において、Baytron P4083の層を形成して窒素下に移送した後、以下のように3層のp−i−n層を形成した。
前記有機光電変換素子6の作製において、Baytron P4083の層を形成して窒素下に移送した後、以下のように3層のp−i−n層を形成した。
11 基板
12 第1の電極
13 第2の電極
14 バルクへテロジャンクション層
14p p型半導体層(p層)
14i バルクへテロジャンクション層(i層)
14n n型半導体層(n層)
15 電荷再結合層
16 陰極
17 正孔輸送層
18 電子輸送層
19 隔壁
20 第1の光電変換部
21 第2の光電変換部
Claims (13)
- 第1の電極と第2電極の間に、p型有機半導体材料とn型有機半導体材料とを含有するバルクへテロジャンクション層を有する有機光電変換素子であって、該第1の電極上に隔壁が形成され、該バルクへテロジャンクション層は、該隔壁によって閉じられた複数の領域に分割されて形成され、該隔壁は絶縁性の材料より構成され、該隔壁と該バルクへテロジャンクション層及び第2の電極とは電気的に絶縁されており、かつ、該第2電極は該隔壁によって複数に分割された閉じられた領域と接続するように形成されていることを特徴とする有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁によって閉じられて分割された領域の大きさが、0.01cm2〜10cm2であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁によって閉じられて分割された領域の大きさが、0.1cm2〜4cm2であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁の高さが、0.5〜10μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁の巾が、5〜1000μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁の、少なくとも上面は水接触角が80°以上の撥液性表面であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁が、液滴吐出法によって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁内に、補助電極線が格納されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記補助電極線が、液滴吐出法によって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記隔壁によって複数の領域に分割された前記バルクへテロジャンクション層が、塗布法によって形成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記バルクへテロジャンクション層が、溶液プロセスによって形成された後に不溶化することが可能な材料を用いていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記n型有機半導体材料が、三次元ネットワーク構造を形成していることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子からなることを特徴とする太陽電池。
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