JP5283731B2 - 内視鏡用の自己蛍光画像化システム - Google Patents
内視鏡用の自己蛍光画像化システム Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
- A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00112—Connection or coupling means
- A61B1/00121—Connectors, fasteners and adapters, e.g. on the endoscope handle
- A61B1/00126—Connectors, fasteners and adapters, e.g. on the endoscope handle optical, e.g. for light supply cables
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/043—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances for fluorescence imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0638—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements providing two or more wavelengths
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0646—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements with illumination filters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0655—Control therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0669—Endoscope light sources at proximal end of an endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0071—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by measuring fluorescence emission
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Endoscopes (AREA)
Description
得る。蛍光画像化内視鏡は、結腸のような大きい組織面積をスクリーニングするにはより適切である。
起光に感度なしであるという事実により、組織と画像化検出器との間に追加のファイバーの必要性を減らし又は無くす。画像化検出器が非常に敏感な可視の赤い光が、基準画像の獲得を目的として組織を照明する。この基準光は励起光と同じ光ガイドを通り、そして励起光と同じ正規化された空間分布及び角度分布で組織を照明する。反射画像用に使われた光及び蛍光画像用の光の空間強度及び角度分布を相関させることにより、より正確で診断に有用な画像化システムが提供される。本発明のこのシステムは、蛍光強度の局所的減少を正確に定量できるように蛍光画像を正規化するために基準画像を使うことを許す。カラーホイール(単色CCD)ビデオ内視鏡を使っている別の好ましい実施例においては、基準光と励起光途とは逐次適用される。カラーCCDビデオ内視鏡を使用する別の好ましい実施例においては、蛍光励起光と基準光とは同時に適用される。
画像と比べて赤の波長の非常に弱い蛍光の画像化に依存していた。有用な赤の蛍光画像を提供するためには追加の画像増感が特に必要である。本発明の自家蛍光画像化システム及び方法は、基準画像を得る目的で組織に追加の可視の赤い光の照明を供給することにより、この費用及び難点を避ける。しかし、効果的であるためには、UV励起光及び可視の基準光は共通の光ガイドを通って組織に送らねばならず、かつ同じ角度分布で同じ照明装置から出なければならない。これには、励起光及び基準光源の光学系の注意深い設計が必要である。基準画像の処理は、蛍光画像には生じない可視の正反射のようなアーティファクトをなくすために、ヒストグラム解析のような別の特徴を含む。
、緑及び青の光のパルスは約6msの持続時間を有し、これに5msの暗黒時期が続き、この間にカメラ画素が読み取られ、約33msの総ビデオフレーム時間又はNTSC標準に合致する毎秒29.97フレームを生ずる。CCDカメラからのアナログの読取り信号は、ケーブル320を通って内視鏡ビデオプロセッサー322に送られる。
電流を維持しランプを始動させるためにDC電流セクション366を使用する。
ンペアに相当するレベルに保つようにその抵抗値を調整する。これら回路は、組織を適正に照明するために電流増強が必要なときは、いつでもコンピューターにより個別にトリガーすることができる。各回路は、電流制限器712を経て電力供給装置710により充電された貯蔵コンデンデサー708からその電流を取る。この制限された電流の設計が、アークランプの電力扱い用コンデンサーを過負荷にさせる可能性のある故障状態の確率を最小にする。
れはパルスの全長と比較し容認できる。ブレード810は薄く軽量でかつ不透明でありステンレス鋼又は繊維ガラス強化エポキシのような材料から作られる。
ットUG−1のようなUV透過、青阻止、赤透過のガラスで作ることもできる。かかる追加の濾波は、Paytelaファイバーを使用するプローブ設計においては要求されない。
開口に伝送するであろう。
Model of Human Colon Tissue Fluorescence,IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng.,43(2),113−122,1
996において説明された。主なフルオロフォア(fluorophore)はコラーゲン、薄い筋肉層内に見いだされかつ粘膜下組織層の卓越した要素である結合組織の第1のプロテインである。形成異常組織の自家蛍光は、筋肉層内の細胞が大きくなりコラーゲンが押し出されたとき、及び増加した血管新生によりヘモグロビンが組織に加えられたときに低下する。ヘモグロビンは蛍光の幾分かを吸収する。(吸収のないときの)組織の内因性蛍光及び組織内のヘモグロビンのレベルが、形成異常の可能性の正確な判定に対する画像化システムの能力を改善する。
長がシステムを通る経路にある。青及び赤の波長は共に可視タインング車1324に近づく。この車は、ビデオ結腸鏡の2個の残った露光期間中、光の通過を許す2個の開口を持つ。車の開口の一つは赤フィルター1326で覆われ、このフィルターは基準画像Rについての適切な波長を通過させる。これらの波長は、組織におけるヘモグロビン吸収帯及び組織に光を送るために使用される光ファイバーの吸収帯の両者を避けるように選定される。濾波される光は、多層ダイクロイックコーティングを使用できるようによく平行にされるが、色ガラス又はプラスチックで作られた単純な吸収フィルターが適切である。タイミング車1324の第2の開口は、励起光により作られる本来の蛍光のスペクトルに近い広帯域の青のフィルターで覆われる。このフィルターの特別な帯域通過スペクトルは、ヘモグロビンにより吸収される波長を含むことができかつ十分に再現可能であり、従って得られた解析プログラムは、他の装置により使用することができる。第2の開口は、ビデオ結腸鏡の第3の露光期間に適合する。図13に示されるように2個の車のタインング穴1330及び1332通過する光に応答する光電式検出機が位相固定ループ用の電気パルスを提供し、これが、ビデオ結腸鏡のビデオ獲得システムと同期を取られた状態にタインング車を保持する。
Claims (5)
- 380から420nmの範囲の波長を有し、組織における可視蛍光を誘起する励起光及び基準画像を生成する基準光を作るためのアークランプと、該組織のカラー画像を作るよう照明光を生成する第2の光源とであって、該アークランプ及び該第2の光源が、制御システムからの信号を制御するように応答して作動するアークランプ及び第2の光源、
前記励起光と前記基準光と前記第2の光源からの照明光とを共通の光路上に光学的に組み合わせる光組合せ装置であって、該励起光と該基準光と該照明光とが、内視鏡を介して該組織の同一範囲に該励起光と該基準光と該照明光を送る光ガイドに連結されている光組合せ装置、
自家蛍光画像、赤波長成分を含む基準画像及び該組織のカラー画像を検出する、前記内視鏡の遠位端の単一の画像検出器、及び
該自家蛍光画像を、正規化された基準画像で除すことにより比率画像を生成し、該比率画像の画素値を所定値と比較することによって該組織の処理された出力画像を作るように処理するデータプロセッサー、
を具備した蛍光画像化内視鏡システム。 - 該処理された出力画像が、可視光画像と、形成異常のレベルに対応した偽色を含む請求項1に記載の蛍光画像化内視鏡システム。
- 該比率画像の画素値が所定値よりも小さい場合に、形成異常と判断する請求項1に記載の蛍光画像化内視鏡システム。
- 該光ガイドが、対象物の結腸又は肺における異常を測定するために、内視鏡の溝を介して延びている光フアイバの束である請求項1に記載の蛍光画像化内視鏡システム。
- 該蛍光画像化内視鏡システムはLCD表示装置を有し、該処理された出力画像が該LCD表示装置に表示される請求項1に記載の蛍光画像化内視鏡システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/238,664 | 1999-01-26 | ||
US09/238,664 US6537211B1 (en) | 1998-01-26 | 1999-01-26 | Flourescence imaging endoscope |
US09/362,806 | 1999-07-28 | ||
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Related Parent Applications (1)
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JP2000594378A Division JP5088990B2 (ja) | 1999-01-26 | 2000-01-26 | 内視鏡用の自己蛍光画像化システム |
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JP2011206546A JP2011206546A (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
JP5283731B2 true JP5283731B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
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JP2011112785A Expired - Lifetime JP5283731B2 (ja) | 1999-01-26 | 2011-05-19 | 内視鏡用の自己蛍光画像化システム |
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JP (1) | JP5283731B2 (ja) |
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