JP5247030B2 - 単一偏波光ファイバレーザ及び増幅器 - Google Patents
単一偏波光ファイバレーザ及び増幅器 Download PDFInfo
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- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/10—Fibre drawing or extruding details pressurised
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
- G02B6/0281—Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03655—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + +
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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Description
Δ%=100×(ni 2−nc 2)/2ni 2
で定義される屈折率の相対尺度を表す。ここでΔ%はiと表される屈折率プロファイル区画の最大屈折率であり、基準屈折率ncはクラッド層の屈折率としてとられる。区画内の全ての点は、付随する、クラッド層に対して測定される相対屈折率を有する。
Δ(b)%=[Δ(b0)(1−[αb−b0α/(b1−b0)α])]×100
にしたがうΔ(b)%で表されるコアの屈折率プロファイルを指す。ここでb0はコアプロファイルの最大点であり、b1はΔ(b)%がゼロである点であり、bはbiからbfの範囲内にあり、すなわちbi≦b≦bfであって、Δ%は上式で定義され、biはアルファプロファイルの始点であり、bfはアルファプロファイルの終点であり、αは実数の指数である。アルファプロファイルの始点及び終点は選択されて、コンピュータモデルに入れられる。本明細書に用いられるように、アルファプロファイルにステップ屈折率プロファイルが続くならば、αプロファイルの始点はαプロファイルとステッププロファイルの交点である。モデルにおいて、αプロファイルを隣接プロファイル区画のプロファイルと滑らかに接続させるため、上式は:
Δ(b)%=[Δ(ba)+[Δ(b0)−Δ(ba)]
×{(1−[αb−b0α/(b1−b0)α])×100
と書かれる。ここでbaは隣接区画の第1の点である。
図7に示される断面構造を有する、本発明にしたがう第1の代表的な単一偏波ファイバ30を作成した。ファイバ30は、約5.33μmの平均直径d平均、約7.75μmの最大寸法A,約2.9μmの最小寸法B−この結果第1のアスペクト比A/Bは約2.7に等しい、1.1%の中心コアΔ%,Δ1及びαが約2のαプロファイルを有する、中心コア34を有する。孔24,26は一部が環状領域12に含まれ、一部がクラッド層22に含まれる。孔24,26の平均直径は約8.3μmである。環状領域12はフッ素ドープし、よって純シリカクラッド層22に対して扁平になっている。環状領域12の相対屈折率Δ2は−0.4%であり、環状領域12の外直径Dは約16μmであった。この実施形態において孔24,26は中心コア34の側面に実質的に接している。試験した単一偏波ファイバ30は、例えば、978nmの波長において、1.51mの長さにかけて約38.6dBの消光比ERを示した。SPB48においてERは約15dBであった。ファイバ長のビート長は4.21mmであることがわかった。長さ1.45mについて978nmで測定した減衰は0.027dB/mであった。
実験例2及び3では同じファイバの長さに沿う(実験例1の長さから隔てられた)別の部分を試験し、若干異なる性能結果を得た。発明者等は、ファイバの長さに沿うこの特性変動が主に、量産ファイバにおいてはかなりよく制御されているであろう、原型ファイバにおけるプロセス制御変動によると判断した。
表2に別の実験試料が実験例4として示される。本実験例において、コアΔ%,Δ1は2.0%であり、Δ2は−0.4%であった。本実験例において、平均コア直径d平均({A+B}/2)は約4μmであって、アスペクト比AR1は約3.2であった。平均孔直径及びその他のファイバパラメータは実験例1と同様である。この例で実証されるように、中心コアの相対屈折率を2.0%まで高めると、相対屈折率が1.1%の場合に比較して、単一偏波(SP)帯域幅が42nmまで広がった。
ER=10logp1/p2
を用いて決定した。ここで、
p2は第2の偏波におけるパワーであり、
p1は第1の偏波におけるパワーである。
LB={ΔλL}/λ
にしたがって計算される。ここでλは光源の中心波長(nm)である。この測定においては、広帯域ASE源を用い、フーリエ変換を行うことによって変調周期を得た。ASE源の波長は970〜1020nmであり、中心波長は980nmであった。測定したビート長は4.21mmであった。
減衰=[10logp1−10logp2]/L
として計算する。ここでLは取り除かれた長さである。減衰は978nmで測定する。
20 単一モードファイバ
22 コア/クラッド界面
24,26 孔
30 単一偏波ファイバ
34 コア
48 単一偏波波長範囲
90 活性ドーパント
650 動作波長範囲
Claims (7)
- 光能動単一直線偏波デバイスであって、当該光能動単一直線偏波デバイスが、
光を伝搬するための、単一偏波波長範囲を持つ、線形複屈折性及び直線2色性を有する光導波路、及び
前記単一偏波波長範囲に重なる動作波長範囲における前記導波路の動作を提供するための、前記線形複屈折性及び直線2色性を有する光導波路の一部に配された複数の活性ドーパント、
を有してなるものであり、
前記導波路が、第1の直線偏波固有モードにともなう光ファイバ偏波成分及び第2の直線偏波固有モードにともなう光ファイバ偏波成分を有する偏波保存(PM)ファイバを有し、偏波依存損失(PDL)差が導波路長にかけて前記第1の偏波モードと前記第2の偏波モードの間に累積され、前記第1の偏波モードが第1のカットオフ波長において第1の3dB減衰を有し、前記第2の偏波モードが第2のカットオフ波長において第2の3dB減衰を有し、よって前記第1のカットオフ波長と前記第2のカットオフ波長の間の単一偏波中心波長を有する前記単一偏波波長範囲を与え、前記第1のカットオフ波長が前記第2のカットオフ波長より小さく、前記単一偏波中心波長が前記動作波長範囲の中心波長に近いこと、
前記光ファイバが、実質的に楕円の形状を有する光能動ドープト中心コアを有し、前記光ファイバが前記中心コアの両側のそれぞれに配置された少なくとも1つの空気孔を有し、当該空気孔の各々の縁が前記中心コアから3μm以内に位置し、当該空気孔の中心を通る線が、前記中心コアが最小寸法を有する軸と実質的に一直線に合わせられ、前記光ファイバが前記動作波長範囲内で単一偏波モードをサポートすること、及び、
前記導波路長が5cmから1mの範囲にあり、前記偏波依存損失(PDL)差が前記単一偏波波長範囲にわたり3dBより大きいことを特徴とする単一偏波デバイス。 - 前記複数の活性ドーパントを励起するための前記導波路に結合されたポンピング信号をさらに有し、前記複数の活性ドーパントが、前記動作波長範囲において出力光を放射するための、前記導波路のための利得媒質を提供することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の単一偏波デバイス。
- 前記単一偏波デバイスが、波長選択フィルタを更に有してなり、前記利得媒質から放射される前記出力光が前記波長選択フィルタの所定の挟帯域波長範囲によって前記所定の挟帯域波長範囲にわたる帰還を提供するために選択的にフィルタリングされる広帯域光であり、前記所定の挟帯域波長範囲が前記単一偏波波長範囲内に包含されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の単一偏波デバイス。
- 前記線形複屈折性及び直線2色性を有する光導波路が10−6より大きい複屈折を有する高複屈折性ファイバを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の単一偏波デバイス。
- 前記線形複屈折性及び直線2色性を有する光導波路がアンドープ単一偏波ファイバに接続された利得ドープ楕円コアファイバを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の単一偏波デバイス。
- 前記波長選択フィルタがファイバブラッグ回折格子を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の単一偏波デバイス。
- 請求項1記載の単一偏波デバイスを備えるシステムにおいて、前記導波路の動作の提供が利得の提供を含むことを特徴とするシステム。
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US10/696,928 US7120340B2 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2003-10-30 | Single polarization optical fiber laser and amplifier |
US10/696,928 | 2003-10-30 | ||
PCT/US2004/032950 WO2005043700A2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2004-10-07 | Single polarization optical fiber laser and amplifier |
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US20050063712A1 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-24 | Rice Robert R. | High speed large core multimode fiber optic transmission system and method therefore |
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US7315699B2 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2008-01-01 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical device for extracting a sideband signal from a composite signal including orthogonally modulated signals |
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US7203407B2 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2007-04-10 | Corning Incorporated | Rare earth doped single polarization double clad optical fiber and a method for making such fiber |
US7280728B2 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2007-10-09 | Corning Incorporated | Rare earth doped single polarization double clad optical fiber with plurality of air holes |
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WO2005043700A3 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US7120340B2 (en) | 2006-10-10 |
CN100446357C (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
CN1894831A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
TW200528781A (en) | 2005-09-01 |
AU2004307401A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1678794A2 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
US20040258377A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
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