JP5222232B2 - フラッシュメモリシステムにおけるハウスキーピング操作のスケジューリング - Google Patents
フラッシュメモリシステムにおけるハウスキーピング操作のスケジューリング Download PDFInfo
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- JP5222232B2 JP5222232B2 JP2009142857A JP2009142857A JP5222232B2 JP 5222232 B2 JP5222232 B2 JP 5222232B2 JP 2009142857 A JP2009142857 A JP 2009142857A JP 2009142857 A JP2009142857 A JP 2009142857A JP 5222232 B2 JP5222232 B2 JP 5222232B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C16/00—Erasable programmable read-only memories
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C16/00—Erasable programmable read-only memories
- G11C16/02—Erasable programmable read-only memories electrically programmable
- G11C16/06—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for writing into memory
- G11C16/34—Determination of programming status, e.g. threshold voltage, overprogramming or underprogramming, retention
- G11C16/349—Arrangements for evaluating degradation, retention or wearout, e.g. by counting erase cycles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
- G06F12/023—Free address space management
- G06F12/0238—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
- G06F12/0246—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/72—Details relating to flash memory management
- G06F2212/7205—Cleaning, compaction, garbage collection, erase control
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- Techniques For Improving Reliability Of Storages (AREA)
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Description
最初に図1Aを参照すると、フラッシュメモリはメモリセルアレイとコントローラとを含む。示されている例では、2つの集積回路装置(チップ)11および13はメモリセルのアレイ15と種々の論理回路17とを含む。論理回路17は、データ回路、コマンド回路およびステータス回路を通して別のチップ上のコントローラ19とインターフェイスし、アドレス指定、データ転送、検知およびその他のサポートをアレイ13に提供する。メモリアレイチップの数は、提供される記憶容量により、1から多数におよび得る。或いは、コントローラと一部またはアレイ全体とが単一の集積回路チップに統合されてよいが、それは現在では経済的な選択肢ではない。コントローラ機能を提供するためにホストに依存するフラッシュメモリ装置は、メモリ集積回路装置11および13以外のものをほとんど含まない。
図9は、2つの更新ブロックのいずれもが自由でなく、消去されていなくて、どちらの更新ブロックとも関連付けられていないブロックのデータが更新されるときのメモリシステムの動作を示す。このとき、ホストから新データを受け取るために利用できる空白の消去済み更新ブロックを作るために更新ブロックのうちの一方がガーベッジコレクションされなければならない。図9の例では、データの2つのセクタまたは他のユニット1および2が書き込まれる。ホスト書き込みコマンドはデータ転送の長さを含み、この場合には2ユニットであり、その後にデータが続く。図9のタイミング図の2番目の線で示されているように、これら2つのデータユニットは、それらの間のメモリシステムビジー信号(図9の3番目の線)が維持されていないので、コマンドが受信された直後に(図9の1番目の線)直接連続して転送される。アサートされたとき、メモリシステムビジー信号はホストにメモリシステムとの通信を休止させる。
図14〜16は、損耗均等化操作を行うための、更新ブロックが前から存在することを必要としない代わりの手法を示す。前述したように、図9の方法は、自由な或いは空の更新ブロックが存在しなければ、ステップ235により継続している損耗均等化操作の実行を省略する。一方、図14の手法では、対応するステップ235’による、利用し得る更新ブロックがないという判定は、継続している損耗均等化操作を省略させない。むしろ、継続している損耗均等化操作は、現在の書き込みコマンドの実行中に、後に自動的に完了するように、開始される。現在の書き込みコマンド中に損耗均等化操作を始めるために要する時間は非常に短いので、ガーベッジコレクションまたは他の時間を消費するハウスキーピング機能もそのビジー期間中に行われ得る。また、開始された損耗均等化操作が後の書き込みコマンドの実行中に完了することを確実にするためにそれ以上何もしなくてもよい。なぜならば、それは標準のガーベッジコレクション操作により完了させられるからである。
図18の動作フローチャートは、図12の動作フローチャートに類似しているが、複数の連続するビジー期間中に単数または複数のハウスキーピングタスクを実行する。ステップ243で書き込みコマンドを受け取った後、次のステップ245で時間割り当てが計算される。すなわち、この書込み操作でハウスキーピング操作を実行するために利用可能な時間の量が最初に判定される。これは、主として、(1)ホストタイムアウトを超えずに各データユニットが転送された後にアサートされ得るメモリシステムビジー信号の最大持続時間に(2)現在の書き込みコマンドにより転送されるデータのユニットの数で表されたデータ転送の長さを乗ずることを含む。なぜならば、以下に説明する図19および20に最もよく示されているように、コントローラがハウスキーピングを行うために利用し得る時間がデータの各ユニットが転送されるときと同時に、またその後に現れるからである。
図12のステップ237および図18のステップ257で実行され得る具体的な損耗均等化アルゴリズムについて以下に説明する。1つのソースブロックと1つの宛先ブロックとが選択される。ソースブロックを選択するために論理グループ(図8の211)を通ってポインタが増分される。1つのブロックが損耗均等化を受けた後、ポインタは順番に次の論理グループに移り、そのグループがマッピングされる物理ブロックがソースブロックとして選択される。或いは、ポインタは直接に物理ブロックを通って増分されてもよい。
図21のタイミング図は、単一のハウスキーピング操作が2つ以上の書き込みコマンドの実行中に行われる例を示す。ハウスキーピング操作の一部分331は1つの書き込みコマンドの実行中に行われ、他の一部分333は次の書き込みコマンドの実行中に行われる。ハウスキーピング操作は3つ以上の書き込みコマンド実行に分散されてもよく、また連続する書き込み実行中に行われなくてもよいが、時間上でさらに分散され得る。この能力を持つことの利点は、特定のハウスキーピング操作を実行するのに必要な時間を特定の書き込みサイクルのメモリビジー信号持続時間から切り離せることである。実際に、連続する書き込みコマンド実行中にメモリシステムビジー信号に均一な持続時間を持たせることができ、個々のハウスキーピング操作を数個のそのようなビジー信号期間にわたって実行することができる。
本発明の種々の態様をその代表的な実施形態に関して説明してきたが、本発明が添付されている特許請求の範囲の全範囲内においてその権利が保護されるべきであることが理解できよう。
Claims (5)
- 消去可能で再プログラム可能な不揮発性メモリシステムを操作する方法であって、コマンドを実行するための時間割り当てを有する前記不揮発性メモリシステムの外側から前記コマンドを受信したことに応答して、
前記不揮発性メモリシステムの外側にビジー信号をアサートしながら、前記コマンドを実行するのに必要な機能を実行するステップと、
前記受信されたコマンドを実行するのに不必要な前記不揮発性メモリシステム内での1つのハウスキーピング操作の少なくとも一部分を実行するために、前記コマンドを実行して、さらなるホストコマンドを受信することを遅延した後で、前記不揮発性メモリシステムの外側にビジー信号をアサートすることを継続するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、
前記受信されたコマンドは、読み出しコマンドを含む方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、
前記コマンドを実行するのに必要な機能は、ガーベッジコレクション操作を含む方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、
前記少なくとも1つのハウスキーピング操作は前記不揮発性メモリシステム内で1つの量のデータを1つの場所から他の場所に転送することを含み、そのようなハウスキーピング操作の少なくとも一部分を実行することは前記量のデータの一部分だけを継続するビジー信号時間中に転送することを含む方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、
前記不揮発性メモリシステムは、メモリアレイを含み、
前記少なくとも1つのハウスキーピング操作は、前記メモリアレイの、前記コマンドの実行に関わっていない部分において実行されるガーベッジコレクション操作を含む方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/040,325 US20060161724A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 | 2005-01-20 | Scheduling of housekeeping operations in flash memory systems |
US11/040,325 | 2005-01-20 | ||
US11/312,985 | 2005-12-19 | ||
US11/312,985 US7315917B2 (en) | 2005-01-20 | 2005-12-19 | Scheduling of housekeeping operations in flash memory systems |
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JP2007552175A Division JP4362534B2 (ja) | 2005-01-20 | 2006-01-11 | フラッシュメモリシステムにおけるハウスキーピング操作のスケジューリング |
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JP2009282989A JP2009282989A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
JP5222232B2 true JP5222232B2 (ja) | 2013-06-26 |
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JP2007552175A Expired - Fee Related JP4362534B2 (ja) | 2005-01-20 | 2006-01-11 | フラッシュメモリシステムにおけるハウスキーピング操作のスケジューリング |
JP2009142857A Expired - Fee Related JP5222232B2 (ja) | 2005-01-20 | 2009-06-16 | フラッシュメモリシステムにおけるハウスキーピング操作のスケジューリング |
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US (3) | US7315917B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1856616B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4362534B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101304254B1 (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE499648T1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE602006020363D1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL184675A0 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI406295B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006078531A2 (ja) |
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JP7479846B2 (ja) | 2016-10-17 | 2024-05-09 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 3dスペーサーファブリック強化pu複合材及びその使用方法 |
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EP1856616A2 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
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JP2009282989A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
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KR101304254B1 (ko) | 2013-09-05 |
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TWI406295B (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
US20090265508A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
US20080091872A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
JP4362534B2 (ja) | 2009-11-11 |
WO2006078531A2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
US8364883B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
US7315917B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 |
WO2006078531A3 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
EP1856616B1 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
ATE442627T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
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