JP5210520B2 - 枝を広げたナノウィスカーが形成されたナノ構造とその製造方法 - Google Patents
枝を広げたナノウィスカーが形成されたナノ構造とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5210520B2 JP5210520B2 JP2006540589A JP2006540589A JP5210520B2 JP 5210520 B2 JP5210520 B2 JP 5210520B2 JP 2006540589 A JP2006540589 A JP 2006540589A JP 2006540589 A JP2006540589 A JP 2006540589A JP 5210520 B2 JP5210520 B2 JP 5210520B2
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- nanowhiskers
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Description
本出願は2003年11月26日に出願されその全体が参照によりここに組み込まれた米国仮特許出願第60/524,890号および2004年4月9日に出願されその全体が参照によりここに組み込まれた米国仮特許出願第60/560、701号の優先権の利益を要求する。
本発明は、その主要な態様の1つにおいて、ナノウィスカーから形成された金属のツリーのような構成を有するナノ構造を提供する。一般に、ツリーのような構造は、ツリーの幹に類似するベースのナノウィスカーと、ベースのナノウィスカーの周囲の表面から外側に成長しツリーの枝に類似する1つ以上のナノウィスカーとを含む。追加のナノウィスカーの「枝」は、より複雑な「ツリー」の構造を生成しながら、1つ以上の以前に成長したナノウィスカーの枝の周囲に成長し得る。ベースのナノウィスカーは、所望の方法で形成し得るが、基板から直立するようにVLSメカニズムによって基板上に完全に成長する。枝のナノウィスカーもまた、好ましくは、ベースのナノウィスカーの長さに沿って中間点で、または、以前に成長した枝の上に成長したナノウィスカーの場合には、以前に成長した枝の長さに沿って中間点で、VLSメカニズムによって形成される。ナノウィスカーの構成材料と成長パラメータは、所望の形態と特性を有する構造を得るために制御され得る。自己集合技術は多数のツリーのようなナノ構造を組み込む新しい構造およびデバイスを形成するために使用される利点を有する。
枝を広げたナノツリーを有するナノ構造の成長は2ステップでなされる。第1は、「幹」として働く垂直のGaPナノワイヤの成長である。これらは、蒸気−液体−固体(VLS)機構によって成長される。金の種粒子は、基板の1平方μmあたり0.5粒子の密度で、エアロゾル堆積によって、GaP(111)B基板(〜10mm2)上に堆積された。これを達成するならば、金は、高温炉(1850℃)で蒸発され、次に、均一な電荷分布を得るためにチャージャに通された。次に、電気移動度はサイズと関連づけ得るので、粒子は微分移動度分析器(DMA)を使用してサイズが選択された。次に、粒子は、焼結するために(エアロゾルシステム中で)再加熱され(600℃)、その結果、緻密で球体形状となり、次にもう一度サイズが選択された。このように選択された粒子は、均一なサイズと単一に帯電されるので、全粒子濃度は電位計に衝突する粒子からの電流を測定することによって決定され得る。
Claims (22)
- 基板表面上に複数の第1触媒粒子を堆積する工程と、前記複数の第1触媒粒子の少なくとも一部を介して前記基板上にエピタキシャルに複数の第1ナノウィスカーを成長させる、続く第1成長ステージと、を有するナノ構造を形成する方法であって、
複数の第2触媒粒子の少なくとも一部が前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーの表面上に供給される、前記複数の第2触媒粒子を堆積する工程と、
前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーの表面上に供給された前記第2触媒粒子の少なくとも一部を介して、前記第1ナノウィスカーのそれぞれの周囲から横方向に伸びる第2ナノウィスカーをエピタキシャルに成長させる、続く第2成長ステージと、を有し、
前記複数の第1触媒粒子が、ナノインプリント・リソグラフィック・プロセス、又は、エーロゾル堆積によって前記基板上に堆積されることを特徴とする方法。 - 少なくとも1つの前記第2ナノウィスカーの周囲に少なくとも1つの第3触媒粒子を供給し、前記各第2ナノウィスカーの周囲から横方向に伸びる第3ナノウィスカーを各第3触媒粒子から成長させる工程を含む第3ステージを更に有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載した方法。
- 前記エーロゾル堆積における前記複数の第1触媒粒子が一価に帯電されており、電気集塵によって前記基板上に前記複数の第1触媒粒子の堆積を促進するために、前記基板に電圧が印加されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載した方法。
- 前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーと前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーとは、異なる材料で作られていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーと前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーのうちの少なくとも1つの長さ方向に沿ってヘテロ接合を生成するように、前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーと前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーのうちの少なくとも1つは、前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーと前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーのうちの前記少なくとも1つの側面から前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーと前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーのうちの前記少なくとも1つの外側に向かってかつ前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーと前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーのうちの前記少なくとも1つの長さ方向に沿って形成されている異なる材料のセグメントを有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の第2触媒粒子が、エーロゾル堆積によって前記複数の第1ナノウィスカー上に堆積されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 電気集塵によって前記複数の第1ナノウィスカー上への前記複数の第2触媒粒子の堆積を促進するために、前記基板に電圧が印加されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載した方法。
- 前記複数の第1触媒粒子は、前記複数の第2触媒粒子のサイズ分布と異なるサイズ分布を有し、前記ナノウィスカーの直径は各触媒粒子のサイズに直接的に関連し、その結果、前記第1の成長ステージでは第1の平均直径を有するナノウィスカーを生じ、前記第2の成長ステージでは第2の平均直径を有するナノウィスカーを生じることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 基板と、前記基板上に配置された複数のナノ構造とを有する構造であって、
各ナノ構造が前記基板上に成長した第1ナノウィスカーと、
前記第1ナノウィスカーの周囲上から成長して横方向に伸びる少なくとも1つの第2ナノウィスカーとを有し、
前記第1ナノウィスカーと前記第2ナノウィスカーの直径が前記ナノウィスカーの成長を始めるために使用した触媒粒子のサイズによって定められ、
前記触媒粒子が、ナノインプリント・リソグラフィック・プロセス、又は、エーロゾル堆積によって前記基板上に堆積されることを特徴とする構造。 - 複数の前記第1ナノウィスカーは、第1組の触媒粒子のサイズによって定められる第1直径を有し、複数の前記第2ナノウィスカーは、第2組の触媒粒子のサイズによって定められる第2直径を有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の構造。
- 前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーは、それぞれの先端に第1サイズを有する前記第1組の触媒粒子からの1つの触媒粒子を有し、
前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーは、それぞれの先端に第2サイズを有する前記第2組の触媒粒子からの1つの触媒粒子を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の構造。 - 前記複数の第1ナノウィスカーは、それぞれの先端に第1サイズ分布を有する前記第1組の触媒粒子からの1つの触媒粒子を有し、
前記複数の第2ナノウィスカーは、それぞれの先端に前記第1サイズ分布と異なる第2サイズ分布を有する前記第2組の触媒粒子からの1つの触媒粒子を有し、
前記第1および第2ナノウィスカーの直径は各触媒粒子のサイズに直接的に関連し、前記第1ナノウィスカーは第1平均直径を有し、前記第2ナノウィスカーは第2平均直径を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の構造。 - 前記第2ナノウィスカーの周囲から成長して横方向に伸びる少なくとも1つの第3ナノウィスカーを更に有することを特徴とする請求項9乃至請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の構造。
- 前記複数のナノ構造は、配向されたアレイ中に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項9乃至請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の構造。
- 前記第1ナノウィスカーと前記第2ナノウィスカーは、異なる材料で作られていることを特徴とする請求項9乃至請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の構造。
- 前記第1ナノウィスカーは、前記第1ナノウィスカーの長さ方向に沿ってヘテロ結合を生成するように、前記第1ナノウィスカーの側面から前記第1ナノウィスカーの外側に向かってかつ前記第1ナノウィスカーの長さ方向に沿って形成されている異なる材料のセグメントを有することを特徴とする請求項9乃至請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の構造。
- 前記第2ナノウィスカーは、前記第2ナノウィスカーの長さ方向に沿ってヘテロ結合を生成するように、前記第2ナノウィスカーの側面から前記第2ナノウィスカーの外側に向かってかつ前記第2ナノウィスカーの長さ方向に沿って形成されている異なる材料のセグメントを有することを特徴とする請求項9乃至請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の構造。
- 請求項15乃至請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の構造を有する光放出パネル構造であって、
前記複数のナノ構造の選択されたナノウィスカーは、発光ダイオードを生成するように、その中に光学的に活性な材料で形成された複数のセグメントを有することを特徴とする光放出パネル構造。 - 前記触媒粒子が導電性であり、前記導電性の触媒粒子と前記基板との間に電圧を印加するために配置されている接触構造を更に有し、前記第1及び第2ナノウィスカーは、前記接触構造から電気的に絶縁されていることを特徴とする請求項15乃至請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の構造を有する太陽電池セル。
- 各ナノウィスカーは、電気的に絶縁性の被覆物で囲まれており、透過性の導電性材料が前記絶縁性の被覆物の周囲に、前記触媒粒子と電気的な接触を作るために形成されていることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の太陽電池セル。
- PN結合が、各ナノ構造内の前記第1及び第2ナノウィスカーの間に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の太陽電池セル。
- 前記第1ナノウィスカーの少なくとも一部または各第2ナノウィスカーは、光電性の材料から形成されていることを特徴とする請求項9乃至請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の構造。
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