JP5205844B2 - 有害化学物質を含む石炭灰を利用する粒状物の製造方法、並びに該方法で得られる粒状物及び資源材 - Google Patents
有害化学物質を含む石炭灰を利用する粒状物の製造方法、並びに該方法で得られる粒状物及び資源材 Download PDFInfo
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
六価クロム、ヒ素、セレン、ホウ素、及びフッ素の少なくとも1種類を含む可能性のある石炭灰に、還元剤、石灰、セメント、重金属固定剤及び水を添加し、混練し、造粒することを特徴とする石炭灰の処理方法を提供する。
六価クロム、ヒ素、セレン、ホウ素、及びフッ素の少なくとも1種類を含む可能性のある石炭灰に、還元剤、石灰、セメント、キレート剤及び水を添加し、混練し、造粒することを特徴とする石炭灰の処理方法を提供する。
六価クロムは還元剤により無害な三価クロムに還元される。六価クロムの還元剤として最適なものは、還元性の高い有機化合物及び無機化合物である。好ましい還元性有機化合物としては、例えば、デキストリン、少糖類、単糖類のような還元性末端基を有する炭水化物、アルコール性水酸基を有する有機化合物が挙げられ、好ましい具体例としては、単糖類としてグルコース、フルクトース、少糖類としてマルトース、ラクトースなどが挙げられる。またアルコール性水酸基を有する有機化合物として、メタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノール、1−ブタノール、2−メチル−1−プロパノールなどの第1級アルコールが好ましい。また、2−プロパノールや2−ブタノールなどのような第2級アルコールも挙げられる。好ましい還元性無機化合物としては、例えば、鉄粉、硫酸第一鉄、亜硫酸水素ナトリウムが挙げられる。これらの還元剤の中でも、還元後にヒ素やセレンを吸着する作用を有する点で、特に鉄粉末及び硫酸第一鉄が好ましい。
これらの重金属固定剤のなかでも、有機キレート剤が好ましい。
排水処理ではヒ素とセレンの除去には鉄粉、鉄塩やカルシウム塩による共沈法が用いられてきた。フッ素は石灰のカルシウムと結合して水に不溶なフッ化カルシウム(蛍石の成分)を形成する。また、石灰はヒ素及びセレンを吸着する。上記の六価クロムの処理で鉄粉または硫酸第一鉄は還元剤として用いた場合には、還元後の鉄成分にヒ素、セレンが吸着する。したがって、六価クロム、ヒ素、セレンの処理に鉄粉または硫酸第一鉄を用い、またヒ素、セレン、フッ素の処理に石灰(消石灰、生石灰)、特に消石灰を用いて処理することが有効である。消石灰は水酸化カルシウム並びに酸化カルシウムが含まれていれば反応するため、どのような等級のものでも良く、安価なもので良い。
ホウ素は単体として存在することはなく、フライアッシュ中ではホウ酸塩またはホウ化物を形成していると考えられる。遊離ホウ酸やホウ酸のアルカリ金属塩は水溶性であり、それ以外のホウ化物やホウ酸塩は非水溶性である。水溶性のホウ酸塩を非水溶性にするには金属などと溶融や強熱処理しなければならず、常温常圧条件ではすぐに反応しない。このため、セメントによる固化を行って溶出を防ぐ。
表1に記載のように、対照、比較例1−6、実施例1−8の各例において、各材料を表に示した割合で使用した。
〔使用材料の量〕
表1において各材料の量は次のように記載されている。
「1」は、第一段階の添加と攪拌の段階を示す。「2」は、第二段階の添加と攪拌の段階を示す。
「一回目」とは、第一段階における攪拌時間を示す。「二回目」とは、第二段階における攪拌時間を示す。
・フライアッシュ(FA):表2に示す有害化学物質を含有するフライアッシュを使用した。なお、表2に示す有害化学物質の溶出量は、「土壌汚染に係る環境基準(平成3年8月23日環境庁告示第46号)」に定められた、表3に示す分析方法によって測定した値である。また、含有量は上述の表4に記載の方法に従って測定した値である。
・キレート剤:ジチオカルバミン酸塩系キレート剤(商品名「メタルブロッカー」、日本ヘルス工業(株)製)
・消石灰:市販の園芸用消石灰
上記のようにして各実施例及び各比較例のおける処理で得られた粒状物について有害化学物質の溶出量を「土壌の汚染に係る環境基準(平成3年8月23日環境庁告示第46号)」に定められ、前述の表3に示す分析方法により測定した。
次に上記で得られた実施例3の粒状物を埋め戻し材としての土質試験に供した。
土質区分判定のための指標を得る際は、表8に示す土質区分判定のための調査試験方法を標準とする。
Claims (2)
- 六価クロムを含む石炭灰100重量部当たりに、鉄粉及び/又は硫酸第一鉄2〜3重量部、消石灰2〜15重量部、高炉セメント2〜15重量部、有機キレート剤0.5〜2重量部、並びに水10〜20重量部を添加し、混練し、造粒後、常温常圧で養生することを特徴とする粒状物からなる資源材の製造方法。
- 前記有機キレート剤がジチオカルバミン酸塩からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の粒状物からなる資源材の製造方法。
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