JP5185493B2 - 燃料転換反応炉 - Google Patents
燃料転換反応炉 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5185493B2 JP5185493B2 JP2004562422A JP2004562422A JP5185493B2 JP 5185493 B2 JP5185493 B2 JP 5185493B2 JP 2004562422 A JP2004562422 A JP 2004562422A JP 2004562422 A JP2004562422 A JP 2004562422A JP 5185493 B2 JP5185493 B2 JP 5185493B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- primary
- shell member
- fuel
- heat exchange
- conversion reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
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- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
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Description
CnHm+nH2O → nCO+(m/2+n)H2
蒸気改質に伴う1つの問題は、反応を前に進めて水素および一酸化炭素を作り出すために外部熱が必要とされる可能性があるという点である。外部熱は、多くのソースから蒸気改質触媒に供給することが可能で、熱交換器を使用して触媒床に伝達される。外部熱のいくらかは、触媒蒸気改質により作り出された高温改質油を再生式熱交換器に通すことによって供給され、それにより高温ガスの熱のいくらかを吸熱性の改質反応に戻す。あるいは、外部熱は、バーナー内での陽極排ガスおよび/または他の燃料の燃焼により発生されてもよい。バーナーで起こった燃焼反応が触媒作用を及ぼされまたは及ぼされないことがある。触媒および非触媒バーナーの例は、Pettitに対して発行された米国特許第6,232,005号で説明されている。
CnHm+n/2O2 → nCO+m/2H2
部分酸化は、触媒を用いずに高温(約1200℃から1500℃)で実行可能であり、または通常500℃から800℃というはるかに低温で触媒を用いて実行可能である。部分酸化の1つの欠点は、燃料のいくらかが酸化により消費されてしまうため、それが水素含有燃料の1分子当たり蒸気改質より少ない水素を作り出すという点である。酸化は吸熱性であるため、熱伝達面を通して外部熱を提供する必要性はない。
(1)部分酸化(発熱性)
CnHm+n/2O2 → nCO+m/2H2
(2)蒸気改質(吸熱性)
CnHm+nH2O → nCO+(m/2+n)H2
前述したように、自己熱改質における2つのステップは、空間的に分離されずに燃料改質装置10で起こり、好ましくは同じ触媒床または構造で同時に起こる。
(3)水/ガスシフト(発熱性)
CO+H2O → CO2+H2
(4)優先的な酸化(発熱性)
CO+1/2O2 → CO2
好ましくは、第2の触媒はシフト反応触媒であり、さらに好ましくは高温シフト反応触媒である。水/ガスシフト反応が第2の触媒反応でなければならない場合には、水または蒸気は管板58のすぐ下で触媒62の上の点の燃料改質装置の中に導入可能である。この可能性は、破線で示された短い入口管190と、Wと表示された矢印とによって図1により示されている。図1には図示されないが、混合装置は好ましくは管板58と触媒62との間の底部チャンバの内側で受け入れられることが理解されるであろう。混合装置は、水入口管190の端部に装着され、触媒62中での反応のために改質油内の注入水または注入蒸気の均等な配分を確実にする。混合装置は、管板58と触媒62との間の空間の長さを効果的に短くしており、そうでなければ、そのような空間の長さは、注入蒸気または注入水の妥当な流れの混合および配分を達成するために必要とされる。
12 外部シェル
14 第1の端部
16 第2の端部
30 一次の内部シェル
34 二次の端部
40 二次の内部シェル
42 第1の端部
46 出口開口
50 熱交換管
58 第1の管板
64 第2の管板
100 熱交換チャンバ
Claims (33)
- 燃料との反応の前にガス状流体を加熱し前記反応により作り出されたガス状混合物を冷却する管形熱交換器を備えた燃料転換反応炉であって、
前記熱交換器が、一次および二次の端部と、前記端部の間に広がり内部に位置された熱交換チャンバを規定する側壁とを有する一次のシェル部材と、
前記熱交換チャンバの中に前記ガス状流体を導入するための入口と、
前記一次の端部の近傍で前記一次のシェル部材に固定して装着され、前記チャンバの一端部で前記熱交換チャンバを封止して閉じる第1の管板と、
前記一次のシェル部材と別個であり前記二次の端部の近傍に位置されるとともに、前記チャンバの一端部に対向する前記チャンバの別の端部を形成した第2の管板デバイスと、
前記第1の管板から前記第2の管板デバイスに伸び前記第1の管板と前記第2の管板デバイスとに堅固に連結されるとともに、前記熱交換チャンバを通って管の内側に流れるために前記ガス状混合物用の通路を設けた複数の熱交換管とを備え、
1つまたは複数の出口開口が、前記燃料転換反応炉の運転中にそのシェル側で前記熱交換チャンバを通って流れる前記ガス状流体用の少なくとも1つの出口を設けるために、前記一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部の領域内に形成されており、
前記第2の管板デバイスが、周側壁を有する二次のシェル部材と、前記一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部に隣接して位置された第1の端部と、前記第1の端部から離間した第2の端部とを備え、前記二次のシェル部材と前記一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部とがともに分離接合部を形成し、かつ前記第2の管板デバイスが前記熱交換管の熱膨張時に前記一次のシェル部材に対して自由に移動可能であることを特徴とする燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記1つまたは複数の出口開口が、前記一次のシェル部材および前記第2の管板デバイスの少なくとも一方の中に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記1つまたは複数の出口開口が、前記一次のシェル部材と前記第2の管板デバイスとの間に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 第1および第2の端部と、前記第1および第2の端部の間に広がる外部シェル壁とを有し、前記第2の端部で閉じられ前記一次のシェル部材および前記第2の管板デバイスの回りに広がり前記燃料用の入口を有する外部シェルを備え、
燃料通路が、前記外部シェル壁と前記一次のシェル部材の前記側壁との間に形成され、燃料用の前記入口から前記1つまたは複数の出口開口に伸びていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 隙間が前記分離接合部に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記1つまたは複数の出口開口が前記隙間を構成していることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記燃料と前記ガス状流体とに触媒作用を及ぼす第1の触媒をさらに備え、
前記触媒が、前記二次のシェル部材内であって前記熱交換チャンバの外側に装着され、
前記触媒が、前記ガス状混合物を作り出すために、前記燃料および前記ガス状流体の混合物を流れるように配列されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記第1の触媒が自己熱改質触媒からなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記第1の触媒が部分酸化触媒からなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記触媒が蒸気改質触媒からなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記第1の触媒が燃焼触媒からなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記一次の端部の近傍における前記一次のシェル部材内で前記熱交換チャンバの外部に配列された第2の触媒をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記第2の触媒が水/ガスシフト反応触媒であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記第2の触媒が優先的な酸化触媒であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記1つまたは複数の出口開口が前記一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記二次のシェル部材が、第1の所定直径を持つ周側壁と、前記第1の端部で前記周側壁から伸びる同軸スリーブ伸張部とを有するとともに、前記第1の所定直径と異なる第2の所定直径を持ち、
前記スリーブ伸張部が、前記一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部でまたはその近くで形成された前記1つまたは複数の出口開口の領域に位置される自由端を有し、
前記二次のシェル部材が、前記1つまたは複数の開口が前記スリーブ伸張部によって部分的に遮られた第1の位置と、前記1つまたは複数の開口が前記ガス状流体の通路用に少なくとも大体開いた第2の位置との間で前記燃料転換反応炉の使用中に相対的に移動可能であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記二次のシェル部材が、第1の内径を持つ周側壁を有し、前記一次のシェル部材が、一次の外径を持ち、前記二次の端部で前記周側壁から伸びる同軸スリーブ伸張部を有し、前記スリーブ伸張部が、前記一次の外径と異なり前記第1の内径と異なる外径を有するとともに、前記第2の管板デバイスの回りに形成された前記1つまたは複数の出口開口の領域に位置された自由端部を有し、
前記二次のシェル部材が、前記1つまたは複数の開口が前記スリーブ伸張部によって部分的に遮られた第1の位置と、前記1つまたは複数の開口が前記ガス状流体の通路用に少なくとも大体開いた第2の位置との間で前記燃料転換反応炉の使用中に相対的に移動可能であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記ガス状流体用の前記入口が、前記一次の端部の近傍で前記一次のシェル部材の側面に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記1つまたは複数の出口開口の有効サイズが、前記熱交換管の熱膨張時に変化可能であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記外部シェルが、前記外部シェルの回りに間隔を置いて配置され、前記一次のシェル部材の前記外面に係合するように内向きに突出する突起とともに形成されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記燃料と前記ガス状流体との混合物を前記1つまたは複数の出口開口から前記触媒に供給する燃料混合物の供給構造を備え、
前記燃料混合物の供給構造は、前記外部シェルと前記二次のシェル部材との間に形成された1つまたは複数の追加通路からなり、
前記追加通路は、前記1つまたは複数の出口開口に隣接した領域から前記第1の触媒に隣接した閉鎖混合チャンバに前記燃料と前記ガス状流体との混合物の供給を可能にすることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記熱交換管に装着され前記熱交換チャンバ内に位置された1つまたは複数のバッフル板をさらに備え、使用中の前記1つまたは複数のバッフル板によって前記ガス状流体の流れが、前記熱交換チャンバを介して曲がりくねった通路をたどらされることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 複数の前記バッフル板を備え、
前記バッフル板のうち1つは、前記出口開口に近接近しており、前記ガス状流体が前記出口開口に向かって半径方向外向きに流れる中心開口を有していることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記燃料および前記ガス状流体が前記入口を通して一緒に導入されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 第1および第2の端部と、前記第1および第2の端部の間に広がる外部シェル壁とを有する外部シェルを備え、
前記外部シェルの前記第2の端部が、前記第2の管板デバイスに近接して位置され端部キャップ部材により閉じられ、
前記端部キャップ部材が、前記燃料用の入口を有し、
前記入口が、前記燃料と前記ガス状流体とを混合するための混合チャンバに連通し、
前記混合チャンバが、前記端部キャップ部材と前記第2の管板デバイスとの間に位置させられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 第1の熱交換器部と、第2の熱交換器部と、を備え、
(a)前記第1の熱交換器部が、
(i)一次および二次の端部と、前記端部の間に広がり内部に位置された第1の熱交換チャンバを規定する側壁とを有する第1の一次のシェル部材と、
(ii)前記第1の一次のシェル部材に固定して装着され、前記第1の熱交換チャンバの一端部で前記第1の熱交換チャンバを封止して閉じている第1の管板と、
(iii)前記第1の熱交換チャンバの前記一端部に対向する前記第1の熱交換チャンバの別の端部を形成した第2の管板デバイスと、
(iv)前記第1の管板から前記第2の管板デバイスに伸びるとともに前記第1の熱交換チャンバを通って流れるガス状混合物用の通路を提供する第1の複数の熱交換管と、
(v)燃料転換反応炉の運転中にそのシェル側で前記第1の熱交換チャンバを通って流れるガス状流体用の少なくとも1つの出口を提供するために、前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部の領域内に形成された1つまたは複数の出口開口とを有し、
前記第2の管板デバイスが、周側壁を有する二次のシェル部材と、前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部に隣接して位置された第1の端部と、前記第1の端部から離間した第2の端部とを備え、前記二次のシェル部材と前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部とがともに分離接合部を形成し、かつ前記第2の管板デバイスが前記第1の複数の熱交換管の熱膨張時に前記第1の一次のシェル部材に対して自由に移動可能であり、
(b)前記第2の熱交換器部が、
(i)一次および二次の端部と、前記端部の間に広がるとともに前記第1の熱交換チャンバと連通して第2の熱交換チャンバを規定する側壁とを有する第2の一次のシェル部材であって、前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記一次の端部が前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部と連なって配置されるとともに、前記第1の一次のシェル部材と同心であるようにした第2の一次のシェル部材と、
(ii)前記第2の一次のシェル部材に装着されるとともに、前記第1の熱交換器部の前記第1の複数の熱交換管と連通する第2の複数の熱交換管と、
(iii)前記ガス状流体を前記第2の熱交換チャンバに導入するための前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記側壁内に設けられた入口と、
(iv)前記第2の熱交換チャンバから前記第1の熱交換チャンバへ流れる前記ガス状流体用の少なくとも1つの出口を提供するために、前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部の領域内に形成された1つまたは複数の出口開口とを有することを特徴とする燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記第1の熱交換器部が、前記第2の熱交換チャンバから前記第1の熱交換チャンバへ流れる前記ガス状流体用の少なくとも1つの入口を提供するために、前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記一次の端部の領域内に形成された1つまたは複数の入口開口をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部と前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記一次の端部とを取り囲む第1および第2の端部を有するとともに、前記第2の熱交換チャンバから前記第1の熱交換チャンバへの前記ガス状流体の流れのための通路を形成した外部シェル部をさらに備え、
前記外部シェル部の前記第1および第2の端部が、前記第1および第2の一次のシェル部材のそれぞれの側壁に堅固に取り付けられ、
前記通路が前記外部シェル部と前記第1および第2の一次のシェル部材との間に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項27に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部の領域内に形成された前記1つまたは複数の出口開口が、前記第1および第2の一次のシェル部材の間に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記第2の熱交換チャンバの前記一端部に対向する前記第2の熱交換チャンバの別の端部を形成した第2の管板デバイスを有し、
前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部の領域内に形成された前記1つまたは複数の出口開口が、分離接合部を備えていることを特徴とする請求項29に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記一次の端部が前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部よりも大きな直径であり、
前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記二次の端部が前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記一次の端部の内側に収容され、
前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記一次の端部が、前記第2の一次のシェル部材の前記側壁に堅固に取り付けられ、前記第2の熱交換チャンバから前記第1の熱交換チャンバへの前記ガス状流体の流れのための通路が前記第1および第2の一次のシェル部材の間に形成されるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項27に記載の燃料転換反応炉。 - 前記1つまたは複数の入口開口が、前記第1および前記第2の一次のシェル部材の間に連続的な環状隙間を備えていることを特徴とする請求項31に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
- 前記1つまたは複数の入口開口が、その一次の端部に近接して前記第1の一次のシェル部材の前記側壁内に形成された分離接合部を備えていることを特徴とする請求項31に記載の燃料転換反応炉。
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TW590792B (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2004-06-11 | Showa Denko Kk | Reaction device with a heat-exchanger |
CA2415536A1 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2004-06-30 | Long Manufacturing Ltd. | Reformer for converting fuel to hydrogen |
-
2002
- 2002-12-31 CA CA002415536A patent/CA2415536A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-05-22 US US10/443,397 patent/US7220392B2/en active Active
- 2003-12-31 AU AU2003294547A patent/AU2003294547A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-31 US US10/541,289 patent/US7172737B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-31 CA CA2529082A patent/CA2529082C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-31 EP EP03785439.5A patent/EP1583929B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-31 JP JP2004562422A patent/JP5185493B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-31 CN CNB200380109121XA patent/CN100380084C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-31 WO PCT/CA2003/002029 patent/WO2004059232A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7242398B2 (ja) | 2019-04-23 | 2023-03-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 複合容器の製造方法および製造装置、複合プリフォームの製造方法および製造装置 |
KR20230118730A (ko) * | 2022-02-04 | 2023-08-14 | (주)제이엠인터내셔날 | 수증기 개질 촉매 반응기 |
KR102623247B1 (ko) | 2022-02-04 | 2024-01-11 | (주)제이엠인터내셔날 | 수증기 개질 촉매 반응기 |
Also Published As
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CA2529082C (en) | 2013-10-29 |
EP1583929A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
CA2415536A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
US20040123523A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
CN100380084C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
US20060051261A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
US7220392B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 |
AU2003294547A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
JP2006514909A (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
CN1742187A (zh) | 2006-03-01 |
WO2004059232A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
US7172737B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 |
EP1583929B1 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
CA2529082A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
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