JP5137399B2 - 低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び航空機タービン燃料 - Google Patents
低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び航空機タービン燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5137399B2 JP5137399B2 JP2006509119A JP2006509119A JP5137399B2 JP 5137399 B2 JP5137399 B2 JP 5137399B2 JP 2006509119 A JP2006509119 A JP 2006509119A JP 2006509119 A JP2006509119 A JP 2006509119A JP 5137399 B2 JP5137399 B2 JP 5137399B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 140
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003380 quartz crystal microbalance Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012429 release testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C27/00—Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/301—Boiling range
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/302—Viscosity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/304—Pour point, cloud point, cold flow properties
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/308—Gravity, density, e.g. API
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
2H2 + CO → 〜[CH2]〜 + H2O
(式中、〜[CH2]〜は、炭化水素生成物分子の基本的構成ブロックである)
を基にしている。
13質量%〜17質量%の水素、
2〜5のイソ:n−パラフィン質量比、
0.1%m/m未満の芳香族化合物、
−5℃よりも低いIP309に従ったCFPP、
少なくとも0.780kg/Lの20℃での密度及び
80ppm未満の全酸素含有量
を有する燃料又はブレンドストックが提供される。
13質量%〜17質量%の水素、
0.5〜3のイソ:n−パラフィン質量比、
0.85mm未満のBOCLE潤滑性摩耗傷痕、
50ppm未満の酸素化物としての酸素(但し、第一級C7〜C12アルコールとしての酸素は50ppm未満であり、そして第一級C12〜C24アルコールとしての酸素は50ppm未満である)
を有するブレンドストックが提供される。
0.5〜3のイソ:n−パラフィン比、
35mmよりも大きい煙点及び
少なくとも8%m/mの芳香族化合物
を有する、上記のようなブレンドストックを含有する半合成航空機燃料が提供される。
Sasol Slurry Phase Distillate(商標)ディーゼル又はSasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルを、270℃の最終沸点で、−47℃のジェットA−1についての析出点必要条件を目標にして精留した。得られたディーゼル燃料特性及びケロシン特性を表2に示し、これには、密度、粘度、高周波往復装置(HFRR)及びボール・オン・シリンダー評価器(BOCLE)潤滑性試験並びにディーゼルの軽油濾過器目詰まり点(CFPP)及びケロシンの析出点が含まれる。
Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルは、全蒸留範囲LTFTディーゼルである。
Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼル1は、45%重端部LTFTディーゼルである。
Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼル2は、55%重端部LTFTディーゼルである。
Sasol SPD(商標)ケロシン1は、55%軽端部LTFTケロシン留分である。
Sasol SPD(商標)ケロシン2は、45%軽端部LTFTケロシン留分である。
45体積%重端部ディーゼル留分は、添加物を使用しない生のSasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルとして使用するための優れた特性を有している。
Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼル燃料の重質留分の排気放出を、全沸騰範囲Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼル及び欧州参照ディーゼル燃料のものと比較した。この試験は、最新型の欧州乗用車を使用して実施した。放出性能は、現在のEN590燃料規格に適合する従来のディーゼルに対して比較したとき悪影響を受けなかったけれども、未燃焼炭化水素、一酸化炭素及び微粒子物質放出は、全沸騰範囲Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルと比較したとき悪化したことが見出された。重質留分Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルのより高い体積エネルギー含有量は、全沸騰範囲Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルに対して比較したとき、測定された燃料消費において2%の改良になった。
型式:2002BMW320dセダン
試験質量:1474kg
エンジン排気量:1995cm3
内径/行程:84/90mm
圧縮比:17:1
出力:4000回転/分で110kW
最大トルク:2000回転/分で330Nm
燃料噴射システム:ボッシュコモンレール
排気後処理:二重酸化触媒
放出証明:EU3(2000)
比較のために3種の燃料を試験した。
低硫黄ディーゼル燃料に関する上記の表及び検討を参照する。
ジェットA−1としての半合成ジェット燃料の特別の承認に従って、その芳香族含有量は、8体積%よりも少なくてはならない。芳香族化合物を含有しない(<0.001質量%)Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルと共に、45体積%Sasol SPD(商標)ケロシン留分を、Merox(商標)からのスイートニングした原油誘導ケロシンと50/50比でブレンドした。ブレンドストックとしての全合成Sasol SPD(商標)ケロシン(表3参照)及びスイートニングしたケロシンであるKero Merox(商標)の例並びにこれらのブレンドの特性も、表3に要約する。
Sasol SPD(商標)ディーゼルの激しく水素化処理した原油誘導ケロシンとの50体積%以下のブレンドを、また、析出点、密度及び潤滑性のようなジェットA−1必要条件に一致する、熱安定性半合成ジェット燃料を例示するために製造した。例として、激しく水素化処理したケロシン、留出油水素化分解したケロシンとの50体積%ブレンドの特性を、表3に示す。
全合成航空機燃料及び半合成航空機燃料(軽質Sasol SPD(商標)ケロシン留分とスイートニングし、激しく水素化処理した原油誘導ケロシンとのブレンド)の熱酸化安定性を、ジェット燃料熱酸化試験器(JFTOT)ASTM D3241試験方法に従って決定した。全合成航空機燃料及び半合成航空機燃料についての目視チューブ析出物等級は、フィルターを横切る圧力低下なしに1未満であった。
アイドリング及び巡航条件下での全合成航空機燃料及びそれらのブレンドの微粒子(煤煙)でのガスタービンエンジン試験結果を、典型的な従来の航空機燃料のそれらと比較した。全合成Sasol SPD(商標)軽質ケロシン留分は、巡航条件下で、従来のJP−8航空機燃料よりも40%少ない煤煙を生成し、一方、それらのブレンドは、巡航条件下で33%少ない煤煙を生成した。
本発明は以下に関する。低温フィッシャー−トロプシュ(LTFT)原料からの合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び低煤煙放出航空機燃料の製造方法であって、低煤煙放出航空機燃料及び/又は航空機燃料ブレンドストックとして使用することができる軽質ケロシン留分並びに合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び/又はディーゼル燃料ブレンドストックとして使用することができる重質ディーゼル留分を生成するための、体積比1:2〜5:4の軽質ケロシン留分及び重質ディーゼル留分への、低温フィッシャー−トロプシュ原料の精留を含み、前記留分が、ディーゼル燃料及び航空機燃料規格を実質的に満たす方法。
Claims (29)
- 低温フィッシャー−トロプシュ(LTFT)原料からの合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び低煤煙放出航空機燃料の製造方法であって、
前記方法が、低温フィッシャー−トロプシュ原料の軽質ケロシン留分及び重質ディーゼル留分への体積比1:2〜5:4での精留及び前記軽質ケロシン留分と重質ディーゼル留分との分離を含み、
50mmよりも大きい煙点、−47℃よりも低い析出点、0.85mm未満のBOCLE潤滑性磨耗傷痕、及び酸化防止剤の添加無しでの1よりも小さい260℃での熱安定性チューブ析出物等級を有し、50ppm未満の酸素化物としての酸素(但し、第一級C7〜C12アルコールとしての酸素が50ppm未満であり、そして第一級C12〜C24アルコールとしての酸素が50ppm未満である)を有する低媒煙放出航空機燃料及び/又は航空機燃料ブレンドストックとして使用することができる前記軽質ケロシン留分並びに
−5℃よりも低いIP309に従ったCFPP、少なくとも0.780kg/Lの20℃での密度、及び2cStよりも高い40℃での粘度を有し、合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び/又はディーゼル燃料ブレンドストックとして使用することができる前記重質ディーゼル留分を生成することを特徴とする方法。 - 前記LTFT原料の少なくとも33体積%を分離して、270℃の最終沸点を有する前記航空機燃料又はブレンドストックを生成する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、前記航空機燃料又はブレンドストックを生成するための、原料の45体積%又は55体積%の精留及び除去を含む、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 合成航空機燃料用の、又は半合成航空機燃料用の航空機燃料ブレンドストックとしての、低煤煙放出航空機燃料であって、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の方法によって製造され、そして下記の特性、即ち、
13質量%〜17質量%の水素、
0.5〜3のイソ:n−パラフィン質量比、
0.85mm未満のBOCLE潤滑性摩耗傷痕及び
50ppm未満の酸素化物としての酸素(但し、第一級C7〜C12アルコールとしての酸素が50ppm未満であり、そして第一級C12〜C24アルコールとしての酸素が50ppm未満である)を有する航空機燃料又はブレンドストック。 - 0.1%m/m未満の芳香族化合物を有する、請求項4記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料。
- イソ:n パラフィン質量比が1〜2である、請求項4又は5に記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料。
- イソ:n パラフィン質量比が1.16〜1.2である、請求項4又は5に記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料。
- 水素が15質量%である、請求項4〜7のいずれか一項記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料。
- LTFTケロシン留分である、請求項4〜8のいずれか一項記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料。
- 8cStよりも低い−20℃での粘度を有する、請求項4〜9のいずれか一項記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料。
- 200℃よりも高い最終沸点を有する、請求項4〜10のいずれか一項記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料。
- 0.1質量%〜99.9質量%の、請求項4〜11のいずれか一項記載のブレンドストックとしての低煤煙放出航空機燃料を含有する半合成航空機燃料であって、
0.5〜3のイソ:n−パラフィン比及び
少なくとも8%m/mの芳香族化合物
を有する半合成航空機燃料。 - 少なくとも0.775kg/Lの15℃での密度を有する、請求項12記載の半合成航空機燃料。
- 1〜2のイソ:n パラフィン質量比を有する、請求項12又は13に記載の半合成航空機燃料。
- イソ:n パラフィン質量比が1.8である、請求項14記載の半合成航空機燃料。
- 50体積%のブレンドストック(但し、このブレンドストックがLTFTケロシンである)及び50体積%の原油誘導スイートニングし激しく水素処理したケロシンを含有する、請求項12〜15のいずれか一項記載の半合成航空機燃料。
- 燃焼したとき低い析出傾向を有する熱安定性航空機燃料であって、請求項4〜11のいずれか一項記載の低煤煙放出航空機燃料並びに請求項12〜16のいずれか一項記載の半合成航空機燃料から選択された1種以上の燃料を含有し、前記熱安定性航空機燃料が、1よりも小さい260℃での熱安定性チューブ析出物等級を有する熱安定性航空機燃料。
- 3μg/cm2よりも少ない水晶微量天秤(QCM)析出物を有する、請求項17記載の熱安定性航空機燃料。
- 酸化防止剤の添加無しに、140℃での15h QCM試験について、2μg/cm2よりも少ないQCM析出物を有する、請求項17又は18記載の熱安定性航空機燃料。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の方法によって製造された、合成低硫黄燃料用の、又は低硫黄燃料用のブレンドストックとしての、合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料であって、下記の特性、即ち、
13質量%〜17質量%の水素、
2〜5のイソ:n−パラフィン質量比、
0.1%m/m未満の芳香族化合物、
−5℃よりも低いIP309に従ったCFPP、
少なくとも0.780kg/Lの20℃での密度及び
80ppm未満の全酸素含有量
を有する合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。 - イソ:n パラフィン質量比が3〜4である、請求項20記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- イソ:n パラフィン質量比が3.7である、請求項21記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- 水素が15質量%である、請求項20〜22のいずれか一項記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- CFPPが−9℃よりも低い、請求項20〜23のいずれか一項記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- 燃料又はブレンドストックがLTFTディーゼル留分である、請求項20〜24のいずれか一項記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- 330℃よりも高い最終沸点を有する、請求項20〜25のいずれか一項記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- 200℃よりも高いIBPを有する、請求項20〜26のいずれか一項記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- 250℃よりも高いIBPを有する、請求項20〜27のいずれか一項記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
- 265℃よりも高いIBPを有する、請求項20〜28のいずれか一項記載の合成低硫黄ディーゼル燃料。
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AU765274B2 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2003-09-11 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd. | Process for producing middle distillates and middle distillates produced by that process |
FR2789691B1 (fr) * | 1999-02-11 | 2001-04-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de synthese de distillat atmospherique comprenant l'utilisation de la technologie fischer-tropsch |
GB2364066A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2002-01-16 | Sasol Technology | Process for producing synthetic naphtha fuel and synthetic naphtha fuel produced by that process |
BR0108019A (pt) * | 2000-02-03 | 2002-10-29 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Processo de um único estágio para a hidroisomerização das frações de hidrocarbonetos leves e pesados produzidos por um reator de sìntese de hidrocarbonetos, e, processo de sìntese de hidrocarbonetos fischer-tropsch |
US6369286B1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2002-04-09 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Conversion of syngas from Fischer-Tropsch products via olefin metathesis |
MY129748A (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2007-04-30 | Shell Int Research | Process for the preparation of middle distillates |
US6846402B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2005-01-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Thermally stable jet prepared from highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and conventional distillate fuel component |
JP4150579B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-03 | 2008-09-17 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 灯油組成物 |
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2004
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- 2004-04-07 DE DE112004000624T patent/DE112004000624T5/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-07 GB GB0520487A patent/GB2415436B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-07 WO PCT/ZA2004/000041 patent/WO2004090078A1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2004-04-07 AU AU2004227418A patent/AU2004227418B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2521864C (en) | 2011-12-06 |
ES2275445A1 (es) | 2007-06-01 |
GB0520487D0 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
ES2275445B1 (es) | 2008-06-01 |
AU2004227418A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
AU2004227418B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
US20060111599A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
NO20055313L (no) | 2006-01-11 |
CN1780899A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
DE112004000624T5 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
GB2415436A (en) | 2005-12-28 |
US20090013590A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
CN100587043C (zh) | 2010-02-03 |
JP2006522859A (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
BRPI0409261A (pt) | 2006-03-28 |
GB2415436B (en) | 2007-01-31 |
ZA200508142B (en) | 2007-01-31 |
CA2521864A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
US7390397B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 |
US8183419B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
WO2004090078A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
NO20055313D0 (no) | 2005-11-10 |
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