JP5116697B2 - 静脈内電流測定バイオセンサのためのヒドロゲル - Google Patents
静脈内電流測定バイオセンサのためのヒドロゲル Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1486—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
- A61B5/14865—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
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- C12Q1/006—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
特許のための本出願は、2006年2月27日に出願され、そして本出願の譲受人に譲渡され、そして本明細書中に参考として明示して本明細書によって援用される米国仮出願番号第60/777,254号への優先権を主張している。
本発明は、血液化学を測定するための電流測定バイオセンサに関する。特に、本発明は、静脈内電流測定バイオセンサに関する。
電流測定バイオセンサは、血液化学を分析するための医療産業で公知である。酵素電極としてもまた知られる初期のバイオセンサは、ClarkおよびLyonsによって最初に提案され、そしてUpdikeおよびHicksによって履行された。酵素電極は、代表的には、電極の表面で透析膜の後に固定化されるグルコースオキシダーゼのようなオキシダーゼ酵素を含む。血液の存在下で、この膜は、目的の分析物、例えば、グルコースを、上記酸化酵素まで選択的に通過させ、そこで、それは、酸化または還元、例えば、グルコースのグルコノラクトンへの酸化を受ける。電流測定バイオセンサは、反応を持続するに十分な電位が、反応体の存在下で2つの電極間に付与されるとき、電流を生成することによって機能する。例えば、グルコースとグルコースオキシダーゼとの反応では、過酸化水素副産物が、電極への電子移動によって次に酸化され得る。電極中の電流の得られる流れは、目的の分析物の濃度の指標である。
Gargら、「経皮的リアルタイム連続的グルコースセンサでの血糖可動域における改良」、Diabetes Care、2006年1月
本発明は、静脈内使用および連続的分析物モニタリングのために設計された電流測定バイオセンサとの使用のための新規ヒドロゲルを開示する。電極を有するセンサ上でヒドロゲルは、少なくとも1つの反応性酵素を有する層として形成され得る。このヒドロゲル層は、少なくとも1つのさらなる架橋剤と架橋されたキトサンの固定化するマトリックスを含み得、層の全体に反応性酵素を固定化する。1つの実施形態では、この反応性酵素は、グルコースオキシダーゼのようなオキシダーゼを含み得る。別の実施形態では、ジェニピンが架橋剤として用いられる。その他の実施形態では、上記センサは、薄膜センサであり得、そして上記電極は白金電極であり得る。ヒドロゲル自体は、律速層として機能し得、ヒドロゲル層への拡散の速度を選択的に制御する。
本発明は、静脈内電流測定バイオセンサにおける作業電極上の反応性酵素層としての使用のために理想的な酵素を固定化する頑丈な生体適合性ヒドロゲルを開示する。このヒドロゲルは、(i)キトサン、(ii)反応性酵素、および(iii)架橋剤から形成され得る。本明細書に記載されるように、この組み合わせは、反応性酵素を固定化し、そしてそれをヒドロゲル全体に均一に分配する機械的に強い架橋されたマトリックスを提供することが示された。1つの実施形態では、キトサンは、ジェニピンと架橋され得、グルコースオキシダーゼのようなオキシダーゼを固定化する。ヒドロゲル中で架橋することは、形成を強化し、そしてそれが水性溶液中で溶解することを防ぐ。
H2O2 −1 → 2H+ + O2 0 +2e−
に従って、作業電極19の表面上で酸化する。
Ag0 → Ag+ + e−
対電極17は、白金またはグラファイトのような伝導性材料から構築され得る。これらの材料は、厚膜プロセスそしてそれに合うように硬化を用いて基板13への付与のためのインクとして処方され得る。対電極17は、酸化化学から産生される電子の大部分を、血液溶液に伝導して戻す作業領域を提供する。そうでなければ、すべての電流は、参照電極15を通過する可能性があり、そしてその耐用年数を低減し得る。1つの実施形態では、上記対電極17は、作業電極19の表面積より大きい表面積を備えて形成され得る。
プロトタイプグルコースセンサの集団が、白金電極上に形成されたキトサン−ジェニピンヒドロゲル中にグルコースオキシダーゼを固定化するために方法400を用いて実験室中で製作された。これらグルコースセンサは、種々の機械的および化学的性質について試験された。試験された主な機械的性質は、接着、および浸漬後の接着であった。試験された主な化学的性質は、グルコース応答であった。タイプ7グルコースオキシダーゼをこれら実験のために用いた。以下の開示は、試験センサ製作手順および上記試験センサ集団上で実施された主な試験から得られた結果を提示する。
Claims (11)
- 静脈内電流測定バイオセンサであって:
可撓性基質;
該基質に結合された電極;および
該電極に結合されたヒドロゲル層であって、キトサン、オキシダーゼ酵素、および該キトサンに架橋され、該オキシダーゼ酵素を固定化するマトリックスを形成するジェニピンを含む、ヒドロゲル層、
を含む、静脈内電流測定バイオセンサ。 - 前記ヒドロゲル層が、前記オキシダーゼ酵素と反応するために血液成分を選択的に拡散するための律速層を提供する、請求項1に記載のバイオセンサ。
- 電極上にオキシダーゼを固定化するためのヒドロゲルを形成する方法であって:
キトサンを酸性溶液に溶解する工程;
該キトサン溶液にオキシダーゼを添加する工程;
該キトサン溶液を該電極の表面に付与する工程;
付与された該キトサン溶液をそれが固体膜を形成するまで硬化する工程;および
該固体膜をジェニピン溶液中に浸漬し、該キトサンおよび該ジェニピンを架橋し、それによって該オキシダーゼを固定化する工程、を包含する、方法。 - 前記溶解する工程が、0.1〜2.0重量%のキトサンのキトサン濃度を生成する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記溶解する工程が、0.25重量%キトサンのキトサン濃度を生成する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記オキシダーゼが、グルコースオキシダーゼを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記添加する工程が、1/120,000〜1/10,000重量%のオキシダーゼ濃度を生成する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記浸漬する工程が、前記固体膜をジェニピン溶液中に2〜10時間の持続時間の間浸漬することを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ジェニピン溶液が、4〜10のpHを有する緩衝液を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ジェニピン溶液が、1%重量/容量のジェニピンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記架橋されたジェニピンおよびキトサンに、ジェニピンおよびキトサンの第2のより密に架橋された層を付加する工程をさらに包含し、前記オキシダーゼと反応するために血液成分を選択的に拡散するための律速層を提供する、請求項3に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2007/004536 WO2007100588A1 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-02-20 | Hydrogel for an intravenous amperometric biosensor |
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WO2007100588A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 |
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