JP5108766B2 - 発電又は発光用半導体モジュール - Google Patents
発電又は発光用半導体モジュール Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
- H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
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- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/33—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of layer connectors
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
- H01L31/035272—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/035281—Shape of the body
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
- H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
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- H01L2924/11—Device type
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
(1)前記半導体素子の基材の軸心と直交する断面における基材の断面形状は、円からその直径の1/2 〜2/3 の長さの弦の外側部分を除去した部分円である。
(2)前記基材の帯状部分は、前記弦の外側部分を除去して形成された帯状の平坦面に形成された。
(3)前記別導電層は、不純物を拡散して形成された拡散層である。
(5)前記(4)において、保持手段は、前記収容ケース内にほぼ平行に整列され且つ導電性帯板からなる複数の波形保持バネを有し、各行の複数の半導体素子は第1,第2電極を1対の波形保持バネに電気的に接続した状態にして1対の波形保持バネで保持され、前記導電接続機構は複数の波形保持バネで構成された。
(8)前記(4)〜(7)の何れかにおいて、前記半導体素子は発電機能を有する半導体素子で構成され、前記1対のケース板は光透過性のガラス又は合成樹脂で構成された。
(11)前記(10)において、前記収容ケースは対面状に重ね合せた1対のケース板で構成され、前記各ケース板は収容部の行方向両端側を塞ぐ側壁部と、その収容部からケース板の列方向両端まで延びる端子装着溝とを有し、前記収容ケースの対面状の1対の端子装着溝には外部へ突出する端子板が装着されて収容ケースに固定された。
(13)前記(11)又は(12)において、前記各端子板は、前記収容ケースに列方向に位置調節可能に固定された。
1A 発光用半導体素子
2 基材
3 平坦面(帯状部)
4 n形拡散層(別導電層)
5 pn接合
6 反射防止膜
7 正極
8 負極
20 太陽電池モジュール
21 保持機構
22 導電接続機構
23 波形保持バネ
24 収容ケース
25 収容部
26 外周枠
27 ケース板
31 弾性膜
60 太陽電池モジュール
61 分割モジュール
62 収容ケース
63 ケース部材
65 収容部
66 導電性線材
70 波形バネ
76 外部端子
図1〜図3に示すように、このロッド形の半導体素子1は、ロッド形のp形シリコン単結晶からなる基材2と、基材2にその軸心と平行に帯状に形成された平坦面3と、n形拡散層4と、基材2とn形拡散層4とで形成され部分円筒形のpn接合5と、反射防止膜6と、基材2にオーミック接続された正電極7及びn形拡散層4にオーミック接続された負電極8を有する。
この太陽電池モジュール20は複層ガラス形の太陽電池モジュールであり、この太陽電池モジュール20は、例えば、一辺が50mm〜75mm程度の長方形の受光表面を有するものである。尚、上記の受光表面のサイズは一例に過ぎず、より大型の太陽電池モジュールに構成することもできる。
図5、図8に示すように、左右の縦枠部26aには、波形保持バネ23の端部の連結部23cを連結する為の複数の小孔付きスロット28が形成され、これら小孔付きスロット28の内面には銅箔を銀被膜で覆った導電層29が形成され、この導電層29は波形保持バネ23の連結部23cに電気的に接続されている。左右の縦枠部26aには、複数の小孔付きスロット28に対応する複数のリード接続部30が形成されている。各リード接続部30は銅箔を銀被膜で覆って形成され、対応するスロット28の導電層29に電気的に接続されている。
(1)ロッド形の半導体素子1は、その軸心に対して両側に正負の電極7,8を有するため,半導体素子1軸心方向長さを直径の複数倍まで大きくしても、発電電流に対する電極間抵抗が一定であるから、長さ/直径の値を大きくし、受光面積を大きくし、半導体素子の必要数を少なくし、電気的な接続の接続部の数を少なくすることができ、製造コストを低減することが可能になり、発電能力の高い半導体モジュール20を実現することができる。
[1]前記半導体素子1の基材2の直径は1.8mmに限定されるものではなく、1.0〜2.0mmの範囲の直径が好ましいが、この範囲に限定されるものではない。基材2の平坦面3の幅は0.6mmに限定されるものではなく、基材2の直径の約1/2〜2/3の幅が望ましい。
図13、図16に示すように、複数の半導体素子1は、導電方向を列方向(図13、図16の左右方向)に揃えて、複数行複数列のマトリックス状に整列され、各行において隣接する半導体素子1の間には僅かな隙間が形成されている。
(1)細長いロッド形の半導体素子1を採用しているため、半導体素子1の長さ/直径の値を大きくして、半導体素子1の1個当たりの受光面積を大きくし、半導体素子1の必要数を少なくすることができ、電気的接続部の数を少なくすることができるから、製作コストを低減することができる。ロッド形の発電用半導体素子1では、種々の方向からの入射光を活用して発電することができる。1又は複数の太陽電池モジュール60を窓ガラスとして構成することも可能で、その場合室内からの光も発電に活用できる。
(4)分割モジュール61における複数列の列間の間隔を適宜変更したり、導電性線材66の太さを自由に設定することもできるため、採光性(シースルー性)と発電の割合を種々選択でき、美しいデザインの建材を兼ねた太陽電池モジュール60や発光ダイオードモジュール、およびこれらを複数組み合わせたパネルを製作することができる。
但し、半導体素子1に関する変更例は、前記実施例において説明したのと同様であるので、ここではその説明を省略する。
図18、図19に示すように、この半導体素子1Aは、基材2Aと、この基材2Aの軸心2cと平行な帯状部分としての平坦面3Aと、拡散層4Aと、pn接合5Aと、負電極7Aと、正電極8Aと、パッシベーション用皮膜6Aとを備えており、前記実施例1の発電機能のある半導体素子1と同様の構造に構成されている。基材2Aは、n形GaP(リン化ガリウム)の単結晶又は多結晶で構成され、例えば、直径は0.5mm、長さは約5.0mmである。但し、直径は0.5〜1.0mm程度であればよく、長さも5.0mmに限定されず、5.0mmよりも大きくてもよい。
前記基材2Aを公知の種々の半導体材料(例えば、GaAs、SiC、GaN、InPなど)を用いて構成し、種々の光を発生する半導体素子1Aに構成することも可能である。前記基材2Aと協働してpn接合5Aを形成する基材2Aと異なる導電形の別導電層は、不純物の熱拡散、又はCVDによる成膜、又はイオン注入により形成してもよい。
Claims (14)
- 発電又は発光機能のある複数の半導体素子を備えた半導体モジュールにおいて、
複数の半導体素子の各々は、p形又はn形の断面円形又は部分円形のロッド形半導体結晶からなる基材と、この基材の表層部のうち基材の軸心と平行な帯状部分及びその近傍部以外の部分に形成され且つ基材の導電形と異なる導電形の別導電層と、基材と別導電層とで形成された部分円筒形のpn接合と、前記帯状部分において基材の表面にオーミック接続された帯状の第1電極と、前記基材の軸心を挟んで第1電極と反対側において別導電層の表面にオーミック接続された帯状の第2電極とを備え、
前記複数の半導体素子を、それらの導電方向を揃えてその導電方向を列方向とする複数列かつ複数行に平面的に並べた状態に保持し且つ複数の半導体素子を個別に又は複数群の群別に分離可能に保持する保持手段を設け、
前記複数列における各列又は隣接する各2列の複数の半導体素子を直列接続し且つ複数行における各行の複数の半導体素子を並列接続する導電接続機構を設け、
前記導電接続機構による複数列の半導体素子の直列接続を維持する為に、列方向と平行方向へ機械的押圧力を付加する導電性弾性部材を設けた、
ことを特徴とする発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。 - 前記半導体素子の基材の軸心と直交する断面における基材の断面形状は、円からその直径の1/2 〜2/3 の長さの弦の外側部分を除去した部分円であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記基材の帯状部分は、前記弦の外側部分を除去して形成された帯状の平坦面に形成されたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記別導電層は、不純物を拡散して形成された拡散層であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記保持手段は、複数の半導体素子を収容する偏平な収容部を形成する平板状の収容ケースを有し、この収容ケースは前記収容部の両面側を外界から区画する1対のケース板を含む分離可能な複数部材で構成され、少なくとも一方のケース板は光透過性のガラス又は合成樹脂で構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記保持手段は、前記収容ケース内にほぼ平行に整列され且つ導電性帯板からなる複数の波形保持バネを有し、各行の複数の半導体素子は第1,第2電極を1対の波形保持バネに電気的に接続した状態にして1対の波形保持バネで保持され、前記導電接続機構は複数の波形保持バネで構成されたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 隣接する波形保持バネにおける、一方の波形保持バネの複数の谷部と、他方の波形保持バネの複数の山部の間に複数半導体素子が夫々保持されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 複数の半導体素子を保持した状態で、複数の波形保持バネはメッシュ構造をなすように構成されたことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記半導体素子は発電機能を有する半導体素子で構成され、前記1対のケース板は光透過性のガラス又は合成樹脂で構成されたことを特徴とする請求項5〜8の何れかに記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 複数の半導体素子は複数群にグループ化され、
各群の複数の半導体素子は複数行複数列のマトリック状に整列されると共に、各行の複数の半導体素子おける隣接する半導体素子は接近状に又は所定間隔あけて配置され、
前記導電接続機構は、複数行の半導体素子の行と行の間に配置された複数の導電性線材と列方向両端の行の外側に行方向と平行に配置された1対の接続導体を有し、
前記各群における、複数の半導体素子と、複数の導電性線材と、1対の接続導体の一部分を光透過性の合成樹脂で埋没状にモールドすることより平板状の分割モジュールに構成されたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。 - 前記複数の分割モジュールを前記収容ケースの収容部内に列方向に直列的に並べた状態において、隣接する分割モジュールの接続導体同士が電気的に接続されたことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記収容ケースは対面状に重ね合せた1対のケース板で構成され、前記各ケース板は収容部の行方向両端側を塞ぐ側壁部と、その収容部からケース板の列方向両端まで延びる端子装着溝とを有し、前記収容ケースの対面状の1対の端子装着溝には外部へ突出する端子板が装着されて収容ケースに固定されたことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記各端子板とこの端子板に対面する分割モジュールの接続導体との間に前記導電性弾性部材である波形バネが装着され、これら1対の波形バネの弾性付勢力により複数の分割モジュールの電気的な直列接続が維持されていることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
- 前記各端子板は、前記収容ケースに列方向に位置調節可能に固定されたことを特徴とする請求項12又は13に記載の発電又は発光用半導体モジュール。
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