JP5093886B2 - Sugar cane harvester - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a sugar cane harvesting machine, and more particularly to an apparatus for harvesting and chopping sugar cane. The harvesting operation can be performed very smoothly and efficiently. High work ability can be demonstrated even in work.

Sugar cane cultivation in Japan is extremely intensive compared to other countries, and like other agricultural crops, straw cultivation (cultivation method for cultivation in straw) is carried out, most of which are medium-sized varieties. It seems that the cultivation of suitable large varieties (thick and long varieties) will become popular. Further, when the sugar cane P is cut at the roots with the cutting blades 16 of the pair of left and right base cutters 1, if it is cut at the portion on the ground, the stump B (the remaining stock) is broken. When the stub B is broken, it is invaded by pathogenic bacteria, so that the stocking (new sprouting) is worsened and the growth after germination is poor, so it is desirable to avoid this strain cracking. For this, it puts the cutting blade 16 of the base cutter 1 in the ground at the top of the ridge 50, a method of cutting the root of the sugar-out beauty P is employed in the soil along the score lines 51 (FIG. 3 reference).

  The rotating disk 15 of the base cutter 1 is tilted slightly forward, the cutting blade is fixed to the outer periphery thereof, and the left and right base cutters 1 move forward while rotating inward. The sugar cane P is cut in the soil by the base cutter 1, drawn into a scraping roller (by a pair of upper and lower rotating rollers) immediately behind the base cutter 1, and then transported obliquely upward by the transport roller. It is fed into a chopping device (chopper) disposed at the rear end of the chopping device and chopped into a predetermined length (about 25 cm) by the chopping device. Then, the chopped sugar cane Pa is supplied to the wind separator, the trash (foreign matter such as dead leaves) is separated, and only the chopped sugar cane Pa is stored in a bag or the like.

[Prior art 1]
In conventional sugar cane harvesting machines, the base cutter, raking roller, transport roller, and chopping device are arranged in order from the front to the back, and the base of the sugar cane cut by the base cutter (cut by the base cutter and knocked down) Then, the rear end part) is scraped by a scraping roller, grabbed and fed to the transport roller behind it, and then sent to a chopping device (chopping device) by the transport roller and chopped (chopping) ( JP, 2004-337036, A). In this prior art 1, if the sugar cane P stands straight, the harvesting operation is relatively smooth. However, if the sugar cane falls down and is intertwined, the sugar cane P is clogged at the entrance of the scooping roller. As a result, the harvesting operation may stop. And in the case of large varieties (thick and long) sugar cane, the amount of scraping by the scraping roller is large, and each sugar cane is strong and has a high resistance to scratching action. As a result, the amount of sugar cane is often clogged at the entrance of the scoring roller. In this way, when the sugar cane is clogged at the entrance of the rake roller, and therefore the harvesting operation is frequently interrupted, the work efficiency is greatly reduced.

  In addition, the cutting blade 16 and mounting bolts do not collide with the stump B cut with the base cutter (see the stump B in FIG. 3) and damage the stump B. The rotating disk is rotated in a forward tilting posture so that the rotational resistance against the cutter does not increase (prior art 1).

[Prior art 2]
As another type, the following configuration (prior art 2) is also known. This is because a chopping device with a pair of upper and lower chopping blades is arranged immediately after the base cutter, and the base of the sugar cane P cut by the base cutter is gripped by the chopping blade of the chopping device immediately behind it, and the chopping concerned It is shredded while being pulled backward with a blade, and the shredded material is discharged to the front end of the conveyor below it, transported diagonally upward by the conveyor, and supplied to the wind separator at the rear end (input) (Prior art 2 as described above is implemented in a foreign country, but it is not possible to find a publicly known document in which this is described).

The mechanism of this prior art 2 has a very simple mechanism compared to that of the above prior art 1, and the sugar cane P that has been cut down is gripped by the chopping device immediately after that and is strongly pulled backward. Therefore, the backward flow of the sugar cane is quick and reliable. Therefore, the sugar cane P cut by the base cutter is not clogged at the entrance of the chopping device 2, and the chopped one is slanted by the conveyor. Since it is conveyed backward, this conveyance is relatively easy. Therefore, there are many advantages such that the processing efficiency after being cut by the base cutter is high and the necessary power is much smaller than that of the prior art 1.
However, this method is not suitable for Japanese cultivation methods and has not yet been put into practical use.

The biggest reason why it cannot be put into practical use is as follows.
That is, since the sugar cane P is cut at the base with the base cutter 1 in the soil of the reed, the foreign matter A such as dirt, dust, and pebbles jumps diagonally upward and backward with a rotating disk, cutting blade, cutting blade mounting bolt, and the like. It is skipped (see FIG. 4). This is due to the rotating disc 15 of the base cutter rotating in a forward tilt posture. Then, since the chopping device 2 is immediately behind the base cutter, the foreign matter A such as pebbles that has been splashed off by the base cutter is drawn into the chopping device 2. This is an unavoidable phenomenon because the chopping device is lowered to such a height that the root of the sugar cane P cut by the base cutter (the rear end of the cut portion) can be reliably pulled in by the chopping device.
When the foreign matter A such as pebbles is drawn into the chopping device 2, the chopping blade bites it and is damaged.
Further, when the foreign matter A such as pebbles passes through the chopping device, it must be sorted out between the chopping device and the wind-selecting device, and if it is not excluded, the foreign matter A is brought into the wind-selecting device as it is. There is a problem that it is taken into the harvest bag together with sugar cane.

There are also the following problems.
In order for the sugar cane cut by the base cutter 1 to be drawn into the chopping device 2 and to be shredded by the shredding blade, the base of the sugar cane that is cut by the base cutter and fed backward is scooped from the lower side by the shredding blade. There must be. If the base of the cut sugar cane enters the lower side of the chopping blade, it will not be drawn into the chopping device 2 and will not be harvested. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to lower the chopping device 2 until the height h of the rotating shaft 23 of the lower cutting blade 21b is substantially the same as the height of the rear end of the rotating disk 15 of the base cutter 1. is there. However, in actuality, the lower end of the gear box 22 of the chopping device abuts on the top of the bag, so that it cannot be lowered to that level (see FIG. 4).

On the other hand, when the cutting position by the base cutter 1 is low in order to cut the sugar cane P in the soil, the position of the chopping device must be lowered accordingly. For this reason, it is inevitable that the foreign matter A such as pebbles that is flipped upward and backward by the base cutter 1 is drawn into the chopping blades 21 a and 21 b of the chopping device 2. In addition, the lower surface of the gear box of the chopping device is pushed into the top of the ridge, which greatly hinders the cutting operation.
In order to complete a sugar cane harvesting machine that is suitable for the sugar cane cultivation method in Japan, excellent in workability, and excellent in durability, based on the above-described conventional technique 2, the above problems must be solved.

The above problems are caused by foreign matter A such as pebbles that are slanted upward and rearward jumping into the chopping device 2, so that the height of the chopping device is sufficiently higher than the cutting height of the base cutter. Then, if only the sugar cane P is drawn into the chopping device, it is clear that the above problem is solved.
Therefore, it is a technical problem to devise the push-up mechanism so that the base of the sugar cane P cut by the base cutter can be surely captured and pushed up to a sufficient height.
JP 2004-337036 A

In this invention, there is a chopping device immediately after the base cutter, the base of the sugar cane is cut in the soil with the base cutter, the base of the sugar cane cut by the base cutter is grasped with the chopping blade of the chopping device, and this is pulled in About the sugar cane harvesting machine that is shredded while feeding backwards, and the shredded sugar cane is transported diagonally upward and backward on the conveyor,
It is to devise a guide mechanism that pushes up the base of the sugar cane cut by the base cutter and reliably guides it to a chopping device arranged at a high position.

Means for solving the above-chopping device there Ri immediately after the base cutter, chopping blades of the cutting the cane in soil at the base cutter, the chopping device root of sugarcane cut in the base cutter With regard to the sugar cane harvesting machine that is configured to pull it, feed it backwards, shred it, and transport the shredded sugar cane toward the back on the conveyor diagonally upward, the following (i) to (d) ).
(A) The chopping device is a pair of upper and lower chopping blades, and the lower end of the rotation plane of the lower chopping blade is disposed at a height equal to or higher than the height of the rear end of the base cutter.
(B) The lower end of the spiral butt lifter is fixed to the outer periphery of the upper surface of the rotating disk of the base cutter,
(C) The lower end of the butt lifter is forward in the rotational direction, and the upper end is rearward in the rotational direction. (D) The height pushed up by the butt lifter is higher than the lower rotational axis of the pair of upper and lower shredded blades of the chopping device. Therefore, it should be below the upper rotation axis.

  In the above chopping device, “the lower end of the rotation plane of the lower shredding blade is higher than the rear end of the base cutter” means that the lower shredding blade scoops up foreign matter such as pebbles. The effect of avoiding scooping up the foreign material is more remarkable as the height is higher, and the above effect is achieved even if it is slightly lower than the lower end of the rotation plane. It does not necessarily have to be “the height above”, and this means that it is almost “the height above the height”.

In addition, the above-mentioned “the height pushed up by the butt lifter is above the lower rotating shaft of the shredded blade” is the position where the rear end of the pushed up sugar cane is reliably scooped up by the lower shredded blade For example, since the rotary blade tilted forward at 45 degrees has a function of scooping up, there is no need to literally be “above the lower rotation axis”, and almost “above the lower rotation axis”. It means that.
On the other hand, the lower the lower rotation shaft is, the higher the possibility of escaping sugar cane to the lower side of the chopping blade, resulting in poor yield.

[Action]
Cutting edge of the left and right base cutter cuts the sugarcane rotate inside each other in soil Seitadaki portion. At this time, since the spiral bat lifter provided on the upper surface of the rotating disk is also rotated inward, the lower end of the sugar cane collides with the butt lifter at the moment when the sugar cane is cut by the base cutter, and only this is pushed up greatly. At this time, even if foreign matter such as pebbles in the soil is flipped obliquely upward by the base cutter, the chopping device is at a high position and therefore passes below the shredded blade and is not drawn into it. On the other hand, the lower end of the sugar cane is reliably pushed up to a sufficient height by the butt lifter, so that it is reliably guided toward the chopping device.
Therefore, only sugar cane P is drawn into the chopping device 2.

Further details are as follows.
By increasing the position of the chopping device relative to the rear end of the base cutter, foreign matter such as pebbles passes below the chopping device and is not taken into the chopping device.
The chopping device is installed at a position where the lower end of the rotating surface of the lower shredding blade is higher than the rear end of the base cutter, but the installation height is the forward tilt angle and diameter of the rotating disc of the base cutter, the chopping device Since it is related to the diameter of the rotating surface of the chopping blade, it is not uniform and is determined by the specific dimensional relationship.
On the other hand, the pair of upper and lower chopping blades of the chopping device rotate in synchronism with the direction in which the sugar cane is fed backward, and the height at which the lower end of the sugar cane is raised by the butt lifter is determined by the chopping blade of the chopping device. Because it is almost above the center position of the lower rotating shaft and below the upper rotating shaft, the base of the sugar cane that has been spun up enters above the lower shredded blade and is pushed up by this, Further, it is pushed down by the upper chopping blade and sandwiched between the upper and lower chopping blades. And the cutting edges of the upper and lower shredded blades bite into the sugar cane and forcibly pull it back.

As described above, when the sugar cane P is cut by the base cutter, at the same time, the base of the sugar cane is pushed up by the butt lifter fixed to the rotating disk of the base cutter, and the rear end portion is chopped at the raised height. The foreign material, such as pebbles, that is lifted obliquely upward by the rotating disk of the base cutter, etc. passes under the chopping blade of the chopping device, and this is drawn into the chopping device. It does not get mixed into chopped sugar cane.
Moreover, since the lower end of the chopping device is at a position considerably higher than the cutting height of the base cutter, the lower surface of the tip of the chopping device does not protrude into the top of the ridge.

  The sugar cane cut by the base cutter is pushed up by a spiral butt lifter provided on the rotating disc of the base cutter. Since it is cut while being pulled, it is pulled in quickly and reliably without slipping. Therefore, the work efficiency is high.

  In addition, because the chopping device is positioned higher than the cutting height of the base cutter, foreign objects such as pebbles are not drawn into the chopping device together with sugar cane, and the shredded blade bites this. I will not put it. Therefore, the chopping blade is not damaged by biting pebbles or the like, and pebbles or the like are not mixed into the sugar cane that is chopped and wind-selected.

  Further, unlike the prior art 1, there is no pulling device using a pulling roller, and there is no transport roller for transporting a long sugar cane to the rear chopping device. It is simple, has a short overall length, and is lightweight. Therefore, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. Further, the working efficiency is higher than that of the prior art 1, and the engine to be used may be small.

In addition, sugar cane is cut with a base cutter and immediately grabbed with the chopping blade of the chopping device, and is strongly pulled by the chopping device, so it can be used for harvesting large varieties (thick and long varieties) with high resistance. Moreover, it can cope with the cutting work of medium-sized varieties with a margin.
Therefore, the sugar cane harvesting machine of the present invention can efficiently harvest this regardless of the type of sugar cane.

Next, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
The sugar cane harvesting machine of this embodiment has a raising device at its tip, a base cutter behind it, a chopping device just behind the base cutter, a chain conveyor behind it, and wind selection behind it. There is a device.
There is no difference from the prior art 1 in that there is a trigger device at the top of the sugar cane harvesting machine and a base cutter 1 behind it (the trigger device is omitted in the drawing. See).
There is a chopping device 2 immediately after the base cutter 1, and a point that a chain conveyor is behind the chopping device 2 is fundamentally different from that of the prior art 1. Further, the present invention is characterized in that there is a spiral butt lifter on the rotating disk of the base cutter 1 immediately before the chopping device 2.

The basic structure of the base cutter 1 is the same as that of the prior art 1, and is driven by the gear box 10, and the rotary disk 15 at the lower end is driven by the vertical axis. The gear box 10 is driven by the oil motor m1, and the left and right rotary disks 15, 15 rotate inward in synchronization with each other in a forward tilted posture.
The above is the same as the base cutter of the prior art 1, but in this embodiment, three cutting blades 16 are fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating disk 15 having a diameter of 25 cm at equal intervals.
The peripheral speed of the cutting blade 16 fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating disk 15 is 2 to 2.5 m / sec.
The vertical axis is inclined forward at an angle θ, and the rotary disk 15 is also inclined forward at the same angle. The forward tilt angle θ in this embodiment is 15 to 20 degrees.

Then, spiral butt lifters 11 a and 11 b are provided on the upper surface of the rotating disk 15 of the base cutter 1. This spiral bad rifter is a gentle spiral member having a diameter of 42 cm and a pitch of 50 cm, and its lower end is welded to the outer peripheral portion of the rotating disk 15, and the height of the upper end is 25 cm from the upper surface of the disk. is there. Two such butt lifters 11a and 11b are provided as a pair, thereby covering the entire circumference of the rotary disk 15.
The butt lifters 11a and 11b of this embodiment are made by bending a steel material having a wire diameter of 25 mm and quenching to improve wear resistance.

  In the chopping device 2, the distance L1 between the axes is due to the pair of upper and lower chopping blades 21a and 21b, and the distance L1 between the rotation axes 23 and 23 is 25 cm. The rotating shafts of the chopping blades 21a and 21b are interlocked with a gear box 22, and the gear box 22 is driven by an oil motor m2, and the chopping blades 21a and 21b rotate inward at the same speed. ing. The height H of the rotating blade 23 of the lower cutting blade 21b on the lower side of the chopping device 2 with respect to the cutting line 51 by the base cutter 1 is 30 cm.

The chopping blades 21a and 21b each have three rotary blades 24 at equal intervals, and the rotation radius of the rotary blades 24 of the chopping blades 21a and 21b is 22 cm.
Each chopping blade 21a, 21b may have two blades, or even four can perform the intended function. However, since it is a necessary condition that the sugar cane P is drawn at a predetermined speed and shredded at a predetermined length (for example, about 25 cm), this indicates that the smaller the number of blades, the smaller the turning radius becomes. The smaller the number of shredding in rotation, the larger the radius of rotation, and the greater the number of cutting in one rotation.
If three blades, it is possible to grasp force and feed force by the blade 24 with respect to sugarcane exerts without interruption, the two rotating blades in the rotational direction before and after Ino situations to act simultaneously on the same sugar cane, chopped The retraction action by the blades 21a and 21b is very smooth and strong.
In addition, when two blades before and after the rotation direction act on the same sugar cane simultaneously, the pulling speeds are different, so that an excessive force is applied to the sugar cane, and the smoothness of the pulling action is impaired.

  Since the center distance L between the center of rotation of the rotating disk 15 of the base cutter 1 and the rotating shaft 23 of the chopping blade 21b of the chopping device 2 is 40 cm, the distance between the axes at the standard traveling speed during self-travel In addition, the base cutter 1 rotates four times. In the meantime, the roots of the cut sugar cane are pushed up by the lift amount (25 cm) by either of the spiral bat lifters 11a, 11b, and in that state, the upper and lower chopping blades 21a, 21b It is grabbed and drawn, and is cut with a rotary blade 24 to a predetermined length (for example, a range of 23 to 27 cm).

  Since the butt lifter is a spiral wire, it does not jump up the foreign matter A such as soil and pebbles, and pushes up only the base of the sugar cane P. Moreover, since the rotary blade 24 bites into the sugar cane P when it is drawn into the chopping device, it does not slide against the sugar cane P and pulls it forcibly.

In this embodiment, when the self-running speed is the standard speed (0.5 m / sec), the rotation speed of the base cutter 1 is 300 rpm, and the rotation peripheral speed of the cutting blade 16 at this time is 7.8 m / sec, The lift speed of the lifters 11a and 11b (speed to push up in the vertical direction) is 2.5 m / sec. Since the self-running speed during the work, the rotation speed of the base cutter, and the rotation speed of the chopping device are adjusted by the engine rotation speed, the self-running speed during the harvesting work and the rotation speed of the rotating disc 15 of the base cutter The relationship with the rotational speed of the chopping blades 21a and 21b of the chopping device does not change.
Therefore, regardless of whether the self-running speed is high or low, the sugar cane cut by the base cutter is surely drawn into the chopping device 2 and chopped to a length of about 25 cm.

  Various conveyors can be adopted as the conveying conveyor of the present invention, but since the sugar cane Pa lumps shredded to about 25 cm must be smoothly conveyed, a chain conveyor is adopted in this embodiment. doing. This chain conveyor is composed of a steel plate 50 having a plate thickness of 2.3 to 3.0 mm and a chain 31 that slides on the steel plate 50, and blades 32 are fixed to the chain 31. The upper surface of 30 is slid and a large amount of sugar cane Pa is pushed up and conveyed. This is because the chopped sugar cane Pa is transported, so that the transport is simpler and the transport capability is higher than when a long sugar cane P is transported by a transport roller.

  In addition, since this conveyor receives sugarcane Pa shredded by the chopping device and conveys it to the rear wind selection device, its length and inclination angle are the positions of the rear wind selection device (not shown). It is appropriately selected according to (height direction, front-rear direction). Moreover, since the magnitude | size of the said inclination angle influences the conveyance performance with respect to the chopped sugar cane Pa, this point must also be considered.

The chopping blade of the chopping device has three blades, and its operation is smooth and processing capacity is high, and a large amount of sugar cane is smoothly and reliably guided to and gripped by the chopping device with the butt lifter. The self-running speed can be increased, and the harvesting operation can be continued smoothly even if the self-running speed of the sugar cane harvesting machine is increased as compared with the conventional technique 1.
Therefore, the harvesting operation is very efficiently performed as compared with the conventional technique 1.

The perspective view which shows the principal part of the Example of this invention The side view of the principal part of the Example of this invention Is a schematic diagram for explaining the background art Is a side view of prior art 2

1: Base cutter 2: Chopping device 3: Chain conveyor 10, 22: Gear box 11a, 11b: Butt lifter 15: Rotary disk 16: Cutting blade 21a, 21b: Shred blade 23: Rotary shaft 24: Rotary blade 30: Steel plate 31: Chain 32: Blade 50: Hail 51: Cut line A: Foreign matter m1, m2 such as pebbles: Oil motor P: Sugar cane Pa: Shredded sugar cane

Claims (2)

There is a chopping device immediately after the base cutter, and the base of the sugar cane is cut with the above base cutter in the soil, and the base of the cut sugar cane is gripped with the chopping blade of the chopping device, pulled in, and shredded while being sent back The sugar cane harvesting machine is configured to convey the shredded sugar cane toward the back with a conveyor diagonally upward,
The chopping device is based on a pair of upper and lower chopping blades, and the lower end of the rotation plane of the lower chopping blade is disposed at a height higher than the height of the rear end of the base cutter,
The lower end of a spiral butt lifter is fixed to the outer periphery of the upper surface of the rotating disk of the base cutter,
The lower end of the butt lifter is the front in the rotational direction, the upper end is the rear in the rotational direction,
A sugar cane harvesting machine characterized in that the height of pushing up by the butt lifter is above the lower rotating shaft of the pair of upper and lower shredded blades of the chopping device and below the upper rotating shaft.   The sugar cane harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor is a chain conveyor including a metal plate, left and right circulation chains sliding on the metal plate, and blades between the left and right chains.

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