JP5651870B2 - Gansu vine harvester - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a working machine for harvesting sweet potato stems and leaves (hereinafter referred to as “sweet vine”) as a livestock feed. This makes it possible to easily and efficiently carry out the harvesting work of candy vines.

Since the sweet potato vines are spread across the field across the ground, an operation to cut the sweet potato vines (slip-off work) is performed prior to the digging work. Previously, this vine paying work was done manually, but recently, this vine is due to the fact that the cultivated area of the sweet potato-growing farmhouse has been expanded, and the farmer's labor shortage and aging The paying work is also carried out with a self-propelled picker.
There are two types of known vine wipers: one that cuts the base of the sweet potato vine and rolls up the candy vine from the cocoon, and the other that chops and disperses with a number of rotating blades (so-called “Flehrmore”) (the latter) For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-193991). When these are used, the sweet potato vine is left in the field and used as a fertilizer.

By the way, in recent years, livestock feed has become expensive, and due to circumstances such as the need for effective use of resources, sweet vines are harvested and fermented to achieve eutrophication (so-called silage fermentation). The use of livestock feed is being promoted.
In order to harvest, ferment and eutrophicate sweet candy vines, it is necessary to collect and shred candy sweet vines, so the realization of a sweet vine harvester that consistently performs the work of cutting and shredding sweet potato vines Desired. In order to realize and spread such a sweet vine harvester, it must be small, simple, high in work efficiency, and high in recovery rate. This is because a lot of labor and cost for harvesting sweet vines is less profitable and less attractive for livestock farmers.

[Basic problems in developing a sweet vine harvester]
By the way, if the speed of the sweet vine harvesting machine is not higher than that of a conventional picker, it will not meet the demands of the farmer, and if there is too much left, it will hinder the potato digging work. There must be little.
In addition, the sweet vines are intertwined and spread across the field, and are soft, weak, and broken when pulled strongly, so it is not easy to efficiently collect them with a self-propelled fully automatic work machine.

  In addition, since the collected sweet potato vines need to be chopped with a shredder cutter, the sweet potato vines must be rooted, scraped and transported to the shredder cutter. However, Gansu vine is soft, easy to tear, and bulky, so it is not easy to carry by conveyor, so it is easy to perform smoothly from Gathering vine harvester as a continuous continuous operation from collection to conveyance and shredding Not.

In order to realize a highly practical sweet vine harvesting machine, it is necessary to solve the above various problems, and for that purpose, it is necessary to technically solve the following problems.
(1) It is necessary to devise a device for scraping the candy vines so that the candy vines that are intertwined with each other and spread over the entire field are gathered together in the center of the vines and pulled into the conveyor.

(2) The sweet potato vine is long and soft, has a high water content, is easily crushed, and is easy to tear. Therefore, it is not easy to grasp and pull it up by a conveyor and convey it to a shredding cutter. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a pulling and conveying conveyor that can pull up and collect the root-cut candy vines by grabbing the roots and pulling them up to the shredding cutter smoothly and reliably.

(3) Since the sweet potato vine is soft and has a high water content, the sweet potato vine pulled up by the pulling conveyor is weak and slippery. For this reason, it is stagnant when it is released from the lifting conveyor and clogs in front of the feed roller of the shredding cutter, so a special device to ensure that it can be fed to the feed roller of the shredding cutter. is necessary.

(4) If the harvested sweet potato vines are mixed with foreign substances such as sand, the quality of the feed will be reduced, so it is necessary to prevent them from being mixed. It is not easy to shred with a cutter to make a chip and then separate foreign matter from it. Therefore, foreign matters must be removed from the sweet vine in the stage before shredding, but it is almost impossible to remove foreign matters during conveyance by the pulling conveyer.
From the above, the relay conveyor is devised so that foreign matters such as sand (mainly sand) are effectively removed in the relay conveyor behind the lifting conveyor and in front of the shredding cutter. It is necessary.

The sweet vine vine harvesting machine of the present invention has been devised in many ways in order to solve all the above-mentioned problems and improve its performance.
This sweet vine harvester cuts the sweet potato vine with a cutting device in front of the self-propelled body, collects it, conveys it onto the harvester, and shreds it with a shredder cutter for harvesting. And the main point is that it is equipped with a mowing device that cuts the sweet potato vine with a side cutter and separates it for each cocoon, collects it in the center of the cocoon, draws it with a lifting conveyor and conveys it diagonally upward, The sweet potato vine scraped to the center of the cocoon is sent to the tip of the lifting and conveying conveyor and captured, rooted immediately after being captured by the lifting and conveying conveyor, pulled up on the harvester by the lifting and conveying conveyor, It is to be conveyed by a relay conveyor, and the conveyance by these is performed almost linearly from the front to the rear, and is configured to be smoothly fed into a shredder cutter disposed at the rear end of this conveyance path. It is that you are.

Specifically, the solving means is configured as follows.
That is, the frame 2 of the mowing device is supported in front of the vehicle body frame 1 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction, and the conveyor frame 30 is supported on the frame 2 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction. In addition, left and right scrapers 10 are provided in front of the frame 2, left and right side cutters 5 are provided behind the frame 2, and a scraping device 4 is provided between the left and right side cutters 5 (almost horizontally in the drawing).
The conveyor frame 30 tip may piling device 4 of, there are pull up conveyor 3 to the rear of the scooping device 4, the rear of the pulling conveyor 3 there is a relay conveyor 7.
And, the above scooping device 4, the pulling conveyor 3, the relay conveyer 7 is arranged in a straight line in the longitudinal direction. The term “straight line” as used herein basically means that there is no inflection point in the middle and that the line is straight or almost straight, and does not necessarily mean that it is literally straight.

  Then, a scraping device 4 that picks up the sweet potato vine and rakes it to the center of the cocoon, a root cutting cutter 6 that lifts the root of the sweet potato vine and grips it immediately after grabbing it at the tip of the conveyer 3, and obliquely pulls and pulls the sweet potato vine. A lifting conveyor 3 that conveys upward, a relay conveyor 7 that picks up the sugarcane vines released from the lifting conveyor 3 and pushes them into the shredding cutter 8, and a shredding cutter 8 that shreds the sweet potatoes into chips are arranged in this order. Has been. As a result, the mowing device is compactly and compactly configured, and the sweet vine is smoothly transported and reliably fed into the shredding cutter 8.

Since the scraper 10 and the side cutter 5 are on the left and right sides of the scraping device 4 (almost side in the drawing), first, the sweet potato vine is scooped up, then cut by the side cutter 5 on both sides of the heel, and separated into each heel. The sweet potato vine is easily scraped to the center of the cocoon and guided toward the tip of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3.
Further, a disc-shaped root cutting cutter 6 is disposed in the vicinity of the front end of the transport belt conveyor 31 of the pulling transport conveyor 3 so that the root of the sweet potato vine is captured immediately after the root of the sweet vine is captured at the front end of the transport belt conveyor 31. It is configured.

  When the sweet potato harvester advances over the straw, the tip of the scraper 10 advances along the bottom, scoops up the sweet vine and pushes it up to the height of the side cutter 5. And the sweet potato vine is cut when it reaches the side cutter 5, thereby separating it from other sweet potato vines.

  Before the scraping device 4 rakes the candy vine toward the center of the candy, the candy vine is cut by the side cutter 5 and separated for each candy before that. It is raked into the center of the kite. Then, the sweet potato vine scraped to the center of the cocoon is captured and drawn into the tip by the advancement of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3. When the root of the sweet vine is captured at the tip of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 and pulled up obliquely upward, it is cut from the root by the root cutting cutter 6 immediately after being captured. Therefore, the sweet potato is not pulled out by being pulled by the sweet potato, and therefore, foreign substances such as sand are not mixed into the sweet potato with the pulling out of the sweet potato.

When the lower part of the candy vine is pulled up obliquely upward by the conveyor belt conveyor 31, it is drawn into the upper conveyor chain conveyor 32 while being pulled. When the conveyor chain conveyor 32 is pulled in, the corner 33 of the conveyor chain conveyor 32 is thrust into the sweet vine from the side, and is hooked and pulled up.
As described above, the lower part of the sweet vine Y (see FIG. 6) is gripped and lifted by the conveyor belt conveyor 31, and the upper part is lightly captured by the conveyor chain conveyor 32 and is hooked on the corner 33 and pulled up at the same speed. . Therefore, the upper part of the sweet vine Y is pulled up together with the lower part, and is surely pulled up to the upper end of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3.

  The candy vine is transported to the upper end of the lifting conveyor 3 and released from the conveyor. When released, the candy vines stay there, but are then taken up by the relay conveyor 7 and pulled to the outlet of the relay cylinder 70 of the relay conveyor 7. Then, it is conveyed and pushed out from the outlet toward the shredding cutter 8. That is, the candy vines released at the upper end of the pulling conveyor 3 are transferred by the relay conveyor 7 (specifically, chain conveyors 72a and 72b) and the relay pushing conveyor (specifically, chain conveyors 74a and 74b) of the relay conveyor 7. It is caught from above and below, is hooked and pulled from above and below by these corners 72T and 74T, is dragged to the outlet while being held inward by the four upper, lower, left and right wall surfaces in the relay cylinder 70, and pushed out from the outlet. Thus, the feed roller 81 is positively pushed.

  Note that the feed speed of the shredding cutter 8 by the feed roller 81 is faster than the transport speed of the relay conveyor 7 (for example, about 3 times), and the candy vine is pulled into the feed roller in an instant. Even if it is pushed out continuously, the candy vine does not stagnate immediately before the feed roller 81 of the shredding cutter 8.

  And the sweet potato vine spreads all over the field and is intricately intertwined.This sweet vine is flexible and has no waist, it is crushed and easy to tear, but nevertheless it is surely scraped to the center of the cocoon, Then, it is pulled up while being pulled by the lifting and conveying conveyor, is surely sent to the shredding cutter by the relay conveyor, and is quickly shredded by the shredding cutter. The shredded sweet potato vine (chip-shaped sweet potato vine) is flipped up by the rotary blade 82 and conveyed to the hopper 9 (throwing conveyance).

In addition, as described above, the sweet potato vine scraped by the scraping device 4 is cut from the root by the root cutting cutter 6 immediately after being caught at the tip of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3, so that the sweet potato is pulled out from the ground. Therefore, no foreign matter such as sand is caught in the sweet vine as the sweet potato is pulled out. Even if the foreign matter is mixed with the sweet vine and transported to its upper end by the lifting and conveying conveyor 3, it is separated from the sweet vine when released from the lifting and conveying conveyor 3, and falls to the inclined bottom portion 71a of the relay cylinder 70. Then, it slides down and is discharged.
Accordingly, the foreign matter is not mixed with the sweet vine and brought into the shredding cutter, and the foreign matter is reliably prevented from entering the shredded sweet vine.

[Details of components]
The details of each component of the above solution are as follows.
(1) Scraper The scraper 10 is in front of the front end of the frame 2 and has a scooping portion inclined forward and a rear arm portion. The scraper moves forward by the advance of the work machine, scoops up the sweet vine from the lower end on both sides of the heel, pushes it up, guides it to the side cutter behind it, and cuts it.

(2) Side cutter The side cutter 5 is a longitudinal cutter with a band-shaped saw blade, which is composed of a band-shaped fixed blade and a movable blade that reciprocates up and down, and cuts the sweet potato vine pushed up by a scraper, As a result, the sweet potato vines are separated from each other to facilitate the scraping.

(3) Raising device The raking device 4 is based on the raking belts 41A and 41B, and these are rubber belts. This belt is provided with relatively hard and long beards 41a at regular intervals. The beard 41a is used to stroke the side surface of the cocoon so as to scoop up the sweet vine and rake it up to the center of the cocoon. 3 is fed into the tip.

(4) Pull-up conveyor The pull-up conveyor 3 is composed of a conveyor frame 30 inclined obliquely upward from the front, a lower conveyor belt conveyor 31 and an upper conveyor chain conveyor 32. The left and right conveying flat belts 31A and 31B of the lower conveying belt conveyor 31 are arranged symmetrically and are pressed against each other by a spring 35 (FIG. 4) or the like, and diagonally grab the root (lower part) of the candy vine. To raise.

  The transfer chain conveyor 32 is composed of left and right transfer chains 32A and 32B, and the left and right transfer chains 32A and 32B have corners 33, so that a small gap is interposed between the ends of the corners 33 and 33. The transport chains 32A and 32B are spaced apart. And the sweet potato vine drawn to the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 is lightly sandwiched between the left and right conveying chains 32A and 32B. Be transported. The corner 33 is a protrusion on the opposite surface (conveying surface) of the chain conveyor, and is projected into the candy vine Y (see FIG. 6) and has the effect of pulling it up.

The lifting and conveying conveyor 3 does not have a bending point in the left-right direction in the middle, and therefore is straight or substantially straight in the front-rear direction. If it is bent to the left and right in the middle, the conveyance resistance at the bent portion increases, and the conveyance speed tends to be delayed at this portion, which may cause clogging.
On the other hand, the shape of the side surface is preferably straight, since the structure is simple, but it is not necessarily required to be straight from the front end to the rear end. In some cases, the inclination angles required for the lower part, the middle part, and the rear part may be different, and it may be advantageous to do so in terms of the structural design of the conveyor or the convenience of its arrangement. For example, the inclination angle of the front part is made smaller than that of the middle part, and the inclination angle of the rear part is made smaller than that of the middle part. Also in these cases, it is desirable that the bending point in the vertical direction be gentle.

  A high-strength and highly durable belt conveyor can be used in place of the transfer chain conveyor 32. In this case, it is necessary to project the same corner as the above-mentioned corner 33 on the belt conveyance surface, and it is necessary to protect the corner from being worn and damaged by covering the corner with metal. Further, the transport speed of the transport chain conveyor 32 on the upper side of the lifting transport conveyor 3 is substantially the same as the transport speed of the lower transport belt conveyor 31, and these horizontal speeds are the working machines (the sweet vine harvesting machine). A forward speed of approximately 1.5 to 2.0 times is appropriate. If the conveying speed of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 is too fast, there will be a lot of idling, and conversely if it is too slow, there is a high possibility that the sweet vine will stagnate, resulting in a decrease in conveying performance.

(5) Relay Conveyor The relay conveyor 7 is interposed between the pulling and conveying conveyor 3 and the shredding cutter 8, and is constituted by the relay cylinder 70, the lower relay conveying conveyor, and the upper relay pushing conveyor. The relay cylinder 70 is a rectangular body with a front-opening trumpet shape, with a pair of left and right relay conveyors below the bottom 71a, and a pair of left and right relay pushes above the ceiling 71b. There is a conveyor. The bottom part 71a and the ceiling part 71b of the relay cylinder 70 are inclined upward and downward, respectively.
The above-mentioned relay conveyance conveyor and relay push-in conveyor are provided with corners 72T and 74T at regular intervals, respectively, and these corners 72T and 74T protrude inside the relay cylinder.
The “relay transport conveyor” and the “relay push conveyor” described above are a chain conveyor or a belt conveyor. Since a chain conveyor is preferable from the viewpoint of durability, a chain conveyor is employed in the illustrated embodiment. In order to avoid misunderstandings, in the explanation of the solution means and the explanation of the operation of the invention, the reference numerals 72 and 74 attached to the chain conveyor of the illustrated embodiment are not added.

  The above-mentioned relay transport conveyor and relay push-in conveyor are those that pick up the sugarcane vine when it is released at the upper end of the transport conveyor 3 and pick it up at the same time, hook it at its corners 72T and 74T, and push it into the shredding cutter 8. is there. In addition, the upper, lower, left and right wall surfaces of the relay cylinder 70 are inclined, the entrance is expanded, and the exit is narrowed. As a result, the sweet vine is pulled by the upper and lower relay transport conveyors and the relay push-in conveyor, is transported while being pushed centrally by the upper, lower, left and right wall surfaces, pushed out from the outlet of the relay cylinder 70, and the feed roller 81 of the shredding cutter 8 It is pushed out toward.

(6) Shredding cutter The shredding cutter 8 is made up of a feed roller 81 and a rotating blade 82, and shreds the sweet potato and conveys it to the hopper 9.
The sweet potato vine fed by the relay conveyor 7 is quickly drawn by the feed roller 81, cut by the cutting blades of the rotary blades 82, the fine fragments are flipped up by the rotary blades, and this is conveyed by the air flow (blow conveyance).
In short, this shredding cutter 8 is capable of shredding the long sweet potato vine supplied from the relay conveyor 7 into a predetermined length, but various shredding cutters can be used. Therefore, the “chopping cutter” referred to here is not limited to the above structure.

(7) Hopper The hopper 9 is a container for storing shredded sweet potato vines. Since the shape of the container for candy vines is related to the subsequent processing operation of candy vines, it is not limited to a box-type container, and other containers such as bags can be adopted.

The side view of the whole example These are front views schematically and schematically showing the positional relationship between the pressing roller and the lifting and conveying conveyor in the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of the mowing apparatus in the embodiment. (A) is a plan view of the scraping device, (b) is a side view. Is a side view schematically showing a pulling conveyor Is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. (A) is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a relay conveyor, (b) is an arrow S view in FIG. (A), and (c) is an arrow T view in FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view schematically showing the transport state of the sweet potato vine by a pulling conveyor.

Next, the illustrated embodiment (prototype) will be described. In addition, the numerical value in this description is a specific example shown in order to help the understanding about this Example.
The candy harvester in the illustrated embodiment is a working machine having a total length of 4.6 m and a width of 1.6 m, and is self-propelled by left and right crawlers (width 230 mm, ground contact length 1500 mm). It is equipped with an engine, and the standard traveling speed for traveling on the road is 3 km / h. In this embodiment, the driving means such as the legs and the working machine are all hydraulically driven, and each working motor such as a traveling motor, a conveyor of a conveying device and a shredding cutter is driven by a swash plate type variable pump as a driving source. It is driven by an elevating hydraulic cylinder (not shown) of the frame 2 of the mowing device.

  The drive motors of the scraping device 4, the side cutter 5, the root cutting cutter 6, the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 (the conveying belt conveyor 31 and the conveying chain conveyor 32), the relay conveyor 7 and the shredding cutter 8 are non-variable. Among these, the scraping device 4, the lifting and conveying conveyor 3, and the relay conveyor 7 can be rotated forward and backward by the operation lever, and the driving speed can be increased or decreased. The traveling motor is a non-variable type, and its driving speed is adjusted by controlling a swash plate type variable pump.

The hydraulic pressure of the drive hydraulic circuit is set to 210 kg / cm ² or less. The standard forward speed at the time of the mowing work in this embodiment is 1.5 km / h, but it is appropriately adjusted depending on the work situation. The limit of the forward speed (traveling speed) at the time of this work is greatly influenced by the conveying ability from the scraping device 4 to the shredding cutter 8 as an actual problem.
The working capacity (harvesting capacity of candy vines) in this example depends on various conditions such as the type of candy candy, the density of candy vines, but under standard conditions, the maximum operation is approximately 5 tons per hour, The standard operation is almost 3 tons.
The outline of the overall scale of the candy harvester in this example is as described above, and the details of the working machine are as follows.

  The mowing device is provided with a tip scraping device 4, a root cutting cutter 6, and a lifting and conveying conveyor 3. A frame (hereinafter simply referred to as "frame") 2 of the mowing device is vertically moved by a support shaft 2p. It is supported by the body frame 1 so as to be swingable in the direction. The left and right guide wheels 21 and 21 are attached to the front end of the frame 2 via the bracket 22, and the front ends of the frame 2 are supported by the guide wheels 21 and 21 (FIG. 1). The guide wheel 21 travels with the lower end of the side surface of the heel W sandwiched from the left and right (see FIG. 1-1), whereby the tip of the mowing device tracks the heel W (see FIG. 2). The guide wheel 21 is not particularly problematic even if it is composed of one wheel on each of the left and right sides, but in this embodiment, in order to reduce the vertical movement of the tip of the frame 2 due to the unevenness of the running surface, a pair of front and rear wheels is used. Yes. The guide wheel 21 has a diameter of 380 mm and a width of 150 mm. The guidance by the guide wheels 21 and 21 is, for example, a matter known in a sweet potato harvesting work machine (the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-193991). It is an idiomatic matter.

A conveyor frame 30 of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 is supported by the frame 2 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction by a support shaft 3p, and the conveyor frame 30 is supported by the frame 2 via a support spring for a cushion. Further, the left and right shoulders of the bag are supported by the left and right pressing rollers 3R via the bracket 3b.
Further, the pressing roller 3R has an effect of lightly pressing the shoulder of the bag W so that when the sweet potato vine is pulled by the pulling conveyer 3, the sweet potato is pulled up and pulled out from the ground. The pressing roller 3R in this embodiment has a diameter of 140 mm and a width of 150 mm. The support height of the conveyor frame 30 by the pressing roller 3R is adjustable, and thereby the height of the scraping device 4 with respect to the saddle surface is adjusted. The support height adjusting mechanism is of a manual screw type (the illustration is omitted in detail). Since the height of the cocoon varies depending on the field, it is adjusted according to the height of the cocoon.

As the sweet vine harvesting machine moves forward, the height of the cocoon W changes, but since the press roller 3R rolls over the shoulder of the cocoon W, the height of the scraping device 4 relative to the heel surface does not change, and therefore It is kept almost constant.
Further, the frame 2 is provided with an elevating cylinder (not shown), and the frame 2 is pulled up by operating the elevating lever when turning the working machine.

[Scraping device]
There is a scraping device 4 at the tip of the conveyor frame 30, which is due to the left and right scraping belts 41 </ b> A and 41 </ b> B arranged in a front-opening C shape (FIG. 2A). The scraping belts 41A and 41B are wound between the rear driving pulley 45 and the front driven pulley 46, and are inclined downward at an angle θ1 when viewed from the side (FIG. 2-1 (b) )). The inclination angle θ1 is approximately 38 degrees, which is an angle that gently raises the kite from below to above. Then, the rear ends of the scraping belts 41A and 41B are close to each other with a slight gap (for example, 80 mm), and the sweet vine is scraped up and guided to the leading end of the pulling conveyor 3 To be drawn into.

The scraping belts 41A and 41B are rubber belts having a width of 11 mm and a thickness of 8 mm, and long whiskers 41a are projected at regular intervals (about 90 mm) on surfaces facing each other. The whisker 41a is relatively hard and strong, and is inclined in the direction opposite to the scraping direction with respect to the conveying surface of the belt, and has a length h of 80 mm and a base thickness of 14 mm. The whiskers 41a scoop up the sweet vine while stroking it slightly while the scooping belts 41A and 41B circulate in the direction of the arrow (see FIG. 2-1 (a)), and scrape it to the center of the heel W. Have
The length of the beard 41a does not need to be long as long as it is within the above range (the effect of scooping up the sweet potato toward the center of the heel). The same is true for firmness.

The circulating speed of the scraping belts 41A and 41B is approximately 1.5 to 2.0 times the forward speed of the work implement. If it is too fast or too slow, the effect of scraping up will be insufficient, and in extreme cases it will not be possible to collect the sweet potato vine and pull it up to the tip of the conveyor 3.
The appropriate circulation speed of the scraping belts 41A and 41B is related to the inclination angle θ1 (FIG. 2-1 (b)), the length and strength of the whiskers 41a, and the height of the heel W Since it is also related to the width, kind of sweet potato, thickness and firmness of candy sweet vine, the driving speed of the drive motor (hydraulic motor) can be adjusted by valve operation at the work site, and the scraping belts 41A, 41B Operate so that the speed can be increased and decreased smoothly.
The standard circulation speed of the scraping belts 41A and 41B in this embodiment is about 0.6 m per second.

[Pull up conveyor]
The total length of the pulling conveyor 3 is about 850 mm, and the inclination angle θ2 is 15 to 38 degrees (FIG. 3). Gaseous vines picked up by the lifting and transporting conveyor 3 are gently lifted, which is advantageous for smoothing the lifting and transporting work. If the inclination angle is large, the transport resistance increases and the transport performance is significantly impaired. On the other hand, since it has to be finally pulled up to the shredding cutter 8, if the inclination angle θ2 is small, the length in the front-rear direction becomes remarkably long. In addition, the shorter total length of the sweet vine harvester is more convenient for downsizing and weight reduction. In view of this, it is preferable that the length of the pulling conveyor 3 in the front-rear direction is as short as possible, and that the inclination angle θ2 is large. In consideration of the above, there is no other way than selecting the inclination angle θ2 appropriately in a specific mechanism design.

The conveyor belt conveyor 31 below the conveyor belt 3 is a gripping and lifting base of the sweet vine, and is formed by a pair of conveyor flat belts 31A and 31B having a thickness of 16 mm and a width 31w of 60 mm (FIG. 3). , FIG. 4). These conveying flat belts are wound around an upper drive pulley 31d and a lower driven pulley 31f. The left and right drive pulleys 31d and 31d are driven in opposite directions by a single hydraulic motor via gears, and the left and right conveying flat belts 31A and 31B circulate in opposite directions to sandwich the root of the sweet vine Raise this with.

The conveyance speed of the conveyor belt conveyor 31 is about 1.5 to 2.0 times the forward speed of the sweet vine harvesting machine, and the inclination angle θ2 of this embodiment is 38 degrees. The direction speed is about 1.2 times the forward speed of the work implement.
The lower part of the sweet vine Y is gripped by the conveyor belt conveyor 31 and pulled rearward, and is pulled upward obliquely (see FIG. 6).

  The transfer chain conveyor 32 of the pulling transfer conveyor 3 is formed of parallel transfer chains 32A and 32B. The transfer chains 32A and 32B are of a metal chain having a width of 14 mm, and are spaced apart from each other at constant intervals ( There are corners 33 at intervals of about 100 mm. And it is spanned between the drive and driven chain sprockets 32d and 32f, and the left and right drive chain sprockets 32d and 32d are driven in the opposite direction via gears by one hydraulic motor. As a result, the left and right transport chains 32A and 32B circulate in opposite directions, and the sweet potato vine is drawn in between them, and the corner 33 is caught by the sweet potato vine and pulled up.

The transport chain conveyor 32 is approximately 130 mm above the transport belt conveyor 31, and the transport speed is substantially the same as that of the transport belt conveyor 31.
If the height of the conveyor chain conveyor 32 relative to the conveyor belt conveyor 31 is too small, the sugarcane vine tends to be clogged, and if it is too large, it tends to run idle, and is also related to the amount of sugarcane vine. Further, if the speed difference between the conveyor chain conveyor 32 and the conveyor belt conveyor 31 is too large, the sweet candy tends to be broken. These may be selected within an appropriate range in consideration of the above.

The corner 33 is a square trapezoidal protrusion, and the height of the corner 33 is 35 mm. The shape may be a pyramid shape or a cone shape, and may be a cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape. However, if it is trapezoidal like the corner 33 in this embodiment, the sweet vine is not caught and torn. The sweet potato vine drawn into the conveyor chain conveyor 32 is hooked on the corner 33 and pulled backward, and is pulled upward obliquely.
The transport chain conveyor 32 does not slip and does not decrease the driving force even if the sweet vine is caught, and is driven stably. On the other hand, when a flat belt conveyor is used, stable driving is not possible due to slipping.

[Relay conveyor]
There is a relay conveyor 7 immediately after the lifting conveyor 3, and the sugarcane vine Y pulled up by the lifting conveyor 3 is released at its rear end, and immediately after that, it is taken up by the relay conveyor 7 and the lifting conveyor 3 and the relay conveyor. 7 is positioned.
This relay conveyor 7 is composed of a relay cylinder, an upper relay transport conveyor, and a lower relay push-in conveyor.

[Relay tube]
The relay cylinder 70 of the relay conveyor 7 between the pulling conveyor 3 and the shredding cutter 8 has a cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 5A, and its entrance and exit are square. The bottom 71a is inclined obliquely downward (downwardly forward), and the ceiling 71b is inclined obliquely upward (forwardly upward). Further, the left and right side walls are inclined outward (outward) when viewed from the rear, and the entire relay cylinder 70 has a trumpet shape that opens forward. The lateral width of the entrance of the relay cylinder 70 is 230 mm and the height is 390 mm, the lateral width of the exit is 230 mm, the height is 145 mm, and the length in the front-rear direction is 540 mm. In addition, the inclination angle θ3 of the bottom 71a is appropriately 40 to 50 degrees, and is 46 degrees in this embodiment. Further, the inclination angle θ4 of the ceiling portion 71b is suitably 0 to 10 degrees, and in this embodiment is 5 degrees.

[Relay conveyor]
In this embodiment, the relay transport conveyor 72 is a relay transport chain conveyor 72a, 72b, which is a chain having a width of 14 mm and a thickness of 12 mm, and has the above-mentioned corner 72T on its transport surface (lower surface). The corner 72T has a pyramid shape with a flat tip, a bottom surface of a square of 20 × 40 mm, a height of 90 mm, and protrudes about 7.5 mm into the relay cylinder 70. Thereby, the sweet potato vine released from the conveying conveyor 3 in the relay cylinder is hooked from below and dragged to the outlet, and pushed backward at the outlet.
Since the relay conveyance chain conveyors 72a and 72b of this embodiment are two parallel chain conveyors, they have high durability and do not slip even if the sweet vine is caught in the drive wheels.
In addition, although the relay conveyance conveyor 72 can also be comprised by two parallel belt conveyors, in this case, a reinforcement wire is embedded in the timing belt to increase strength and durability, and the corner 72T is rubber. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce it by covering it with a metal cover.

[Relay push conveyor]
The relay pushing conveyor 74 is the relay pushing chain conveyors 74a and 74b, which are two parallel chain conveyors above the ceiling portion 71b, and have a width of 14 mm and a thickness of 12 mm. The corner 74T is the same as the corner 72T. The height of the corner 74T is 90 mm and protrudes approximately 7.5 mm into the relay cylinder 70. Thereby, the sweet potato vine released at the upper end of the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 is hooked from above and dragged to the outlet and pushed out from the outlet of the relay cylinder 70.
The relay push chain conveyors 74a and 74b of this embodiment have high durability, and even if the sweet vine is caught in the drive wheels, the conveyor will not slip.
The relay push-in conveyor 74 can be constituted by two belt conveyors. In this case, a reinforcing wire is embedded in the timing belt to increase its strength and durability, and the corner 74T is covered with a metal cover. It is necessary to reinforce by covering.

[Conveyance speed of relay conveyor]
The transport speed of the lifting conveyor 3 is 0.7 m per second as a standard, whereas the transport speed by the relay conveyor 7 is 1.0 m per second as a standard, which is about 1.4 times that of the lifting conveyor 3. .
The sugarcane vine pulled up by the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 is released at its rear end, but the released sugarcane vine is released at the entrance of the relay cylinder 70 at the corner 72T of the relay conveying chain conveyors 72a and 72b and the relay pushing chain conveyors 74a and 74b. , 74T and is dragged to the outlet and conveyed.

When moving the dragged by the relay cylinder 70, sweet potato vine proceeds to the outlet while being pushed by the inner bottom portion 71a of the relay tube 70, a ceiling portion 71b, at the left and right side portions, and are pushed out at the outlet, shredding cutters Eight feed rollers 81 are pushed out. Compared with the case where the relay cylinder is a square cylinder which is not a trumpet shape, the effect of feeding into the shredding cutter 8 is remarkable, whereby the delivery cylinder 81 is reliably delivered.

[Foreign matter removal by relay conveyor]
The inclination angle θ3 of the bottom 71a of the relay cylinder 70 is approximately 46 degrees as described above. Since the bottom portion 71a is inclined downwardly in this way, when the foreign material such as sand is picked up by the lifting and conveying conveyor 3, it is lifted together with the foreign material when it is released at its upper end. It leaves from the sweet potato vine and falls on the slope of the bottom 71a and slides down the lower part.
The foreign matter removal action by the inclination angle θ3 as described above is remarkable. The greater the inclination angle, the greater the conveyance resistance of the sweet vine. In particular, it is not necessary to make the inclination angle θ3 too large for the foreign matter removing effect.

[Chopping cutter]
The shredding cutter 8 is of a type in which a cutting blade is attached to the rotary blade 82. With respect to the object to be shredded sent from the feed roller 81 to the rotary blade 82, the rotary blade 82 rotates upward from below to chop it. At the same time as the cutting, the fine pieces are flipped up and conveyed by the air flow by the rotary blades 82.

The sweet potato vine is cut into a length of about 30 mm by a shredding cutter 8, guided by the shooter 110, and put into the rear hopper 9.
This shredding cutter is well known as a cutter.

〔hopper〕
The hopper 9 is a substantially inverted trapezoidal metal container having a capacity of 1.6 m ³ , and is supported by a support shaft 12 on the upper end of a column 11 at the rear of the body frame 1.
The capacity of the hopper 9 may be appropriately selected in consideration of the frequency of dumping and the full weight being about 500 kg, but at least 2.0 m ³ is necessary from the viewpoint of work efficiency.
The hopper 9 is dumped by rotating it backwards. Note that the drive mechanism for this purpose may be driven by a reciprocating hydraulic cylinder.

The shredding cutter 8 has a shooter 110, and the sweet potato vine blown up from the shredding cutter 8 is guided by this shooter 110 and put into the hopper 9. The shooter 110 can turn in the lateral direction, and its direction can be changed. When dumping the hopper 9, it is possible to avoid interference with the hopper 9 by turning the shooter 110 and moving it to the outside of the hopper 9.
A bag can be used instead of the hopper. In this case, the shredded candy vine is put into the accommodation bag by the shooter 110, and when it is full, it is lowered from the work machine and replaced with an empty bag.

  This sweet vine harvesting machine is low in production cost, and priority is given to low harvesting work cost. In view of this, it is important that the mechanism is as simple as possible, has high durability, and that all operations can be performed easily by one person. If it is a hopper method, this candy harvester can be run and transported to the nearest collection place and dumped at that collection place. Therefore, it is not necessary to load and unload the harvested sweet potato vines, and it is possible to easily perform the sweet potato vine harvesting work alone. From the above viewpoint, the hopper system of this embodiment is most preferable.

(Additional mechanism)
When the bag is covered with multi-film, an excavator 120 is provided at the rear end of the body frame 1, and the side edge of the multi-film (portion covered with sand) is scooped and dug up at the tip of the shovel 120, thereby There is a need to facilitate multi-film recovery. The excavator 120 of this embodiment is like a small kite, and the height position can be adjusted according to the height difference of the kite. The adjustment may be a stepless method using an adjustment screw or a multistage method using an adjustment hole.
In addition, it is a conventionally well-known matter that the side edge of a multi-film is lifted by this shovel 120 and the collection | work operation | work is made easy, for example, as described in the said patent document 1. FIG.

[Room for improvement]
The self-propelled body is steered so that the work implement does not ride on both the left and right sides of the kite W, and the running operation is not performed so that the center of the scraping device 4 tracks the center of the kite. Don't be. When the kite is linear, the steering operation is performed relatively easily as described above. On the other hand, when the kite is curving, there is no problem with the self-propelled body running so as to track the kite with the kite in the center, but at this time, the scraping device 4 tracks the center of the kite W. This tendency cannot be achieved, and this tendency increases as the radius of curvature of the heel curve decreases (the curvature increases). In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to devise a support mechanism for the frame 2 with respect to the conveyor frame 30 so that the conveyor frame 30 naturally tracks the bending of the ridge. For example, the attachment mechanism by the support shaft 3p is not only touched in the vertical direction but also slightly shaken in the horizontal direction, and is held in a neutral position by a spring or the like. Thereby, the front end of the conveyor frame 30 tracks the ridge W by the pressing roller 3R, and thus the scraping device 4 naturally follows the curve of the ridge W. In this case, the support mechanism of the conveyor frame 30 can be constituted by a universal joint such as a ball or a cross shaft.

However, as described above, the conveyor belt 30 swings in the lateral direction (although it swings in a narrow range), the lifting conveyor 3 swings in the lateral direction. There is a risk that the candy vines will be clogged at the ends, and eventually the candy vines will stop being transported.
In this embodiment, since the conveyor frame 30 is connected to the frame 2 by a lateral support shaft 2p so as to be swingable in the vertical direction, there is a problem of followability with respect to the curve of the wrinkle of the scraping device. However, if the curvature radius of the ridge curve is approximately 100 m or more, there is not much problem at the curve, and if viewed from the whole field, the sweet vine can be reliably harvested with a recovery rate of 90% or more.

1: Body frame 2: Mowing device frame 2p: Support shaft 3: Lifting conveyer 3p: Support shaft 3R: Pressing roller 4: Scooping device 5: Side cutter 6: Root cutting cutter 7: Relay conveyor 8: Shredding cutter 9: hopper 10: scraper 11: support 12: support shaft 21: guide wheel 30: conveyor frame 31: conveyor belt conveyor 31A, 31B: conveyor flat belt 32: conveyor chain conveyor 32A, 32B: conveyor chain 33: corners 41A, 41B : Scraping belt 70: relay cylinder 71a: bottom 71b: ceiling 72a, 72b: relay conveying chain conveyors 74a, 74b: relay pushing chain conveyors 72T, 74T: angle 81: feed roller 82: rotating blade 110: shooter 111: turning Axis 120: excavator W: 畝 Y: candy vine

JP 2008-193991 A

Claims (9)

A frame 2 of a cutting device is supported in front of the vehicle body frame 1 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction, and a conveyor frame 30 is supported in the frame 2 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction. There are left and right scrapers 10, right and left side cutters 5 behind them, and a scraping device 4 between the left and right side cutters 5,
The conveyor frame 30 tip there above piling device 4 of, there are pull up conveyor 3 to the rear of the scooping device 4, there is a relay conveyer 7 behind of the pulling conveyor 3,
The piling device 4, the pulling conveyor 3, the relay conveyor 7 are arranged in a straight line in the longitudinal direction,
A root-cutting cutter 6 that cuts the root of the sweet potato picked up by the scraping device 4 and picked up at the tip of the transport conveyor 3 immediately below is cut below the tip of the frame 2;
A sugarcane vine harvesting machine, characterized in that a shredder cutter 8 is located behind the relay conveyor 7 and a container for housing a sweetpotato vine shredded by the shredder cutter 8 is located at the rear part of the vehicle body frame.   The scraper 10 has a front inclined portion and a rear support portion, and at the front inclined portion, scoops out the sweet potato vine at the lower ends of both sides of the heel from the bottom, and the candy vine is cut at a height that is cut by the rear side cutter 5. 2. The sweet potato vine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the harvester is pushed up.   The side cutter 5 is a vertical cutter using a band-like saw blade, which is a fixed blade and a movable blade that reciprocates up and down. The side cutter 5 cuts the ridges pushed up by the scraper and separates the sweet vines into pieces. 2. The sweet potato vine harvest according to claim 1. The scraping device 4 is composed of left and right scraping belts 41A and 41B, the scraping belts 41A and 41B are rubber belts, and are equipped with whiskers 41a at regular intervals.
2. The sweet potato vine harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the sweet potato vine is scraped up with the whiskers 41a so that the side surface of the cocoon is boiled, scraped to the center of the cocoon, and fed to the tip of the lifting conveyer 3. . The lifting conveyor 3 is composed of a conveyor frame 30 inclined obliquely upward from the front, a lower conveyor belt conveyor 31 and an upper conveyor chain conveyor 32,
The lower conveyor belt conveyor 31 is composed of a pair of left and right conveyor flat belts 31A and 31B. The conveyor belt conveyor 31 grasps the root of the candy vine and pulls it up obliquely, and pulls the candy vine backward and conveys it obliquely upward. ,
The transport chain conveyor 32 is composed of a pair of left and right transport chains 32A and 32B, and the left and right transport chains 32A and 32B have corners 33, both of which have a small gap between the ends of these corners. The sugarcane vine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the conveying chains (32A, 32B) are separated from each other.   The relay conveyor 7 is interposed between the lifting and conveying conveyor 3 and the shredding cutter 8, and is characterized by the relay cylinder 70, the lower relay conveying conveyor and the upper relay pushing conveyor. The sweet potato harvester according to claim 1. The relay cylinder 70 of the relay conveyor 7 is a square front-opening trumpet-shaped cylinder, and there is a pair of left and right relay conveyors below the bottom 71a, and a pair of left and right relay pushes above the ceiling 71b. There is a conveyor, and the bottom 71a and the ceiling 71b are inclined downward and upward, respectively.
Further, the left and right side wall portions are inclined in a front open state,
The relay transport conveyor and the relay push-in conveyor have the corners 72T and 74T at regular intervals, the corner 72T protrudes inside the relay cylinder 70, and the corner 74T protrudes inside the relay cylinder 70. The sweet potato harvester according to claim 6 characterized by the above. The sugarcane vine harvester according to claim 7, wherein the relay conveyor is a chain conveyor, and the relay push conveyor is a chain conveyor.   2. The sugarcane vine harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the shredder cutter 8 is composed of a feed roller 81 and a rotary blade 82, and shreds the sweet potato vine and throws and conveys it to the hopper 9.

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