JP5086260B2 - 対象追跡と警報 - Google Patents
対象追跡と警報 Download PDFInfo
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- G06V20/48—Matching video sequences
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- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
- G08B13/19608—Tracking movement of a target, e.g. by detecting an object predefined as a target, using target direction and or velocity to predict its new position
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
- G08B13/19641—Multiple cameras having overlapping views on a single scene
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- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19654—Details concerning communication with a camera
- G08B13/1966—Wireless systems, other than telephone systems, used to communicate with a camera
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- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19665—Details related to the storage of video surveillance data
- G08B13/19671—Addition of non-video data, i.e. metadata, to video stream
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19678—User interface
- G08B13/19691—Signalling events for better perception by user, e.g. indicating alarms by making display brighter, adding text, creating a sound
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19697—Arrangements wherein non-video detectors generate an alarm themselves
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
- G08B13/248—EAS system combined with another detection technology, e.g. dual EAS and video or other presence detection system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
- H04N17/002—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for television cameras
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
- H04N7/181—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
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- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06V20/40—Scenes; Scene-specific elements in video content
- G06V20/44—Event detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
Description
本出願は、2005年9月2日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/713,679号、及び2005年9月2日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/714,020号の優先権を主張しており、係る出願の双方は、参照によりそっくりそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる。
現在のセキュリティの高まり、及びモニタリング装置のコストの低下により、閉回路テレビ(closed-circuit television:CCTV)のような技術を用いる監視システムの使用が増加している。係るシステムは、多種多様な環境において犯罪を減少させ、事故を防止し、且つ一般にセキュリティを増大させる可能性を有する。ビデオ監視システムは一般に、関心のある区域(例えば、倉庫、小売店、オフィスビル、又は空港)の周りの様々な場所に配置された一連のカメラを含む。カメラは、一般に警備員が配置された中央観察ステーション(又は複数のステーション)にビデオ画像を戻すように送信する。種々の監視画像は、不審な活動を監視する一連の画面に表示される。
本発明は概して、インテリジェントなビデオ監視システムを他のセンサベースのセキュリティネットワークからのデータと組み合わせる統合監視システムを提供する。組み合わされたビデオとセンサベースのネットワークデータを用いて、注意を必要とする可能性がある不審な活動を強調表示する警報が生成され得る。例えば、RFID、POS、及び/又はEASシステムからのデータを、コンピュータ援用ビデオ監視システムからのデータと組み合わせることにより、不審な挙動を識別する際のシステムの精度を大幅に上げることができる。従って、係る「インテリジェントな」警報システムは、各システム単独よりも低い誤り率を有すると同時に、人材育成のコストを低下させ、見逃される事象を最小限にし、ひいてはシステムの全体的な価値を高める。
小売店内で顧客および製品を追跡することに関して、及び窃盗を検出することに関して実施される際に有用であるとして本明細書で説明されるが、以下に説明されるシステムと方法は、空港、カジノ、学校、オフィスビルのような、監視される任意の環境に対して、及び広範にわたる目的のためにその場所で生じる可能性がある活動に対して適用可能である。
返品詐欺(即ち、盗まれた製品が現金化のために不正に戻される詐欺)は、多くの小売店の関心事である。以下の「従業員の返品詐欺」の例は、ビデオ監視システムとセンサネットワークモニタリングシステムの統合が、それぞれを他とは無関係に用いることから実現される利益よりも優れた利益を提供する1つの代表的な用途を示す。店の返品詐欺において、ある人(顧客または従業員)は、以前に盗まれた製品を現金に換えようとして、それを店に返品することを試みる。他の場合には、製品が店の棚から直接的に持ち去られ、不正なレシートを用いて即座に返品される。多くの従業員は不審な活動を検出するために訓練を受けているので、従業員は詐欺を見つけて返品を断ることができる場合が多い。
場合によっては、小売店(例えば、商店、ショッピングセンター)で買い物をしている両親が、彼らの子供に関して更なるセキュリティの保証を願っている。このような場合に、子供が店に入る際にRFIDタグが子供に割り当てられ、その結果、子供が迷子になった際に迅速に場所を見つけることができる。場合によっては、ビデオ及びRFIDデータの組み合わせを用いて分離を検出するために、RFIDタグは親と子供の双方に配置され、親からかなり離れて子供がさまよっている場合に、システムは警報を知らせることができる。
また、規則は、即時の注意を必要とする潜在的に危険な状態が存在するという警報を生成するために使用され得る。例えば、ビデオサブシステムが、通路に落ちる何かを検出する場合、RFIDサブシステムを用いて、製品の特定の属性(例えば、こぼれることができる、ガラス、有毒など)を識別して、適切な要員に警報を出すことができる。
ビデオ及びRFIDデータの組み合わせから収集され得る他の価値ある情報は、製品の購入に関する履歴データを探索して、マーケッティングの目的で顧客の層をより良く理解するために製品を購入した人のビデオ画像の集まりを要求する能力である。例えば、単にRFIDデータストリームを見るだけにより、何個の物が何時に購入されたかに関する統計値が求められ得る。ビデオから人の属性(例えば、人種、性別、年齢など)を識別できるビデオサブシステムからのデータとRFIDデータを組み合わせることにより、買い物客の挙動が観察されて分析されることが可能になる。
方法が1つ又は複数のソフトウェアプログラムとして提供される実施形態に関して、プログラムは、FORTRAN、PASCAL、Java(R)、C、C++、C#、又はBASICのような多数の高レベル言語の任意の1つで書かれ得る。更に、ソフトウェアは、ターゲットコンピュータに常駐するマイクロプロセッサ向けのアセンブリ言語で実現されることができ、例えば、IBM PC又はPCクローンで動作するように構成されている場合、ソフトウェアはインテル80x86アセンブリ言語で実現され得る。ソフトウェアは、以下に限定されないが、フロッピー(R)ディスク、ハードディスク、光ディスク、磁気テープ、PROM、EPROM、EEPROM、フィールドプログラマブルゲートアレイ、又はCD-ROMを含む製品で具現化され得る。
Claims (32)
- 視野をそれぞれ有する複数のカメラを含み、各視野が複数のカメラ副領域からなるビデオ監視サブシステムと、
複数の無線ステーションを含み、複数の無線ステーションのそれぞれが動作半径内の無線ICタグを検出できる、無線ICタグサブシステムと、
前記ビデオ監視サブシステムによりキャプチャされたデータ及び前記無線ICタグサブシステムによりキャプチャされたデータに基づいて、1つ又は複数のカメラ副領域と前記無線ステーションの1つ又は複数の動作半径との間の関連付けを、時間とともに推論するために、前記ビデオ監視サブシステム及び前記無線ICタグサブシステムと通信する関連付けモジュールと、
前記監視システムにより追跡されている対象物と関連した情報を格納するためのデータ格納モジュールであって、その情報が前記対象物に関連する1つ又は複数の規則を含む、データ格納モジュールと、
前記ビデオ監視サブシステム及び前記無線ICタグサブシステムから受信されたデータに基づいて、前記監視システムにより追跡される対象物の物理的位置を時間順に表すための追跡モジュールと、
前記データ格納モジュール及び前記追跡モジュールに応じて、1つ又は複数の規則を前記監視システムにより追跡されている1つ又は複数の対象物の物理的位置に関する前記時間順の表示に適用するための警報モジュールとを含む、監視システム。 - 前記規則の少なくとも1つが、2つ又は3つ以上の基本の事象を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記2つ又は3つ以上の基本の事象が、ブール論理を用いて組み合わされる、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記関連付けが、前記カメラ副領域と前記動作半径との間の位置的対応に基づく、請求項1〜3の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 前記ビデオ監視サブシステムによりキャプチャされたデータが、前記複数のカメラの間を移動する対象物の視覚表示、又は前記複数のカメラの複数の副領域の間を移動する対象物の視覚表示を含む、請求項1〜4の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 前記無線ICタグサブシステムによりキャプチャされたデータが、前記無線ステーションの動作半径の間を移動する対象物に関連した空間的情報を含む、請求項1〜4の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 前記ビデオ監視サブシステムによりキャプチャされたデータが、前記複数のカメラの間を移動する対象物の視覚表示を含み、前記無線ICタグサブシステムによりキャプチャされたデータが、前記無線ステーションの動作半径の間を移動する対象物に関連した空間的情報を含み、前記関連付けが、前記1つ又は複数のカメラ副領域と前記無線ステーションの1つ又は複数の動作半径に共通する対象物の経路に基づいて推論される、請求項1〜4の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 前記ビデオ監視サブシステム及び前記無線ICタグサブシステムが領域内で動作し、その領域が、前記カメラの視野および前記無線ステーションの動作半径の外側にある少なくとも1つの無効区域を含む、請求項1〜7の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 1つ又は複数の対象物が1つ又は複数の無効区域を通過する間に、前記追跡モジュールが、前記監視システムにより追跡されている1つ又は複数の対象物の位置を推論する、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記対象物が前記無効区域を通過する間に、前記追跡モジュールが、前記対象物の以前の既知の位置に基づいて、前記監視システムにより追跡されている対象物に対する次のカメラの位置を推論する、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記以前の既知の位置が、前記無線ICタグサブシステム及び前記ビデオ監視サブシステムのうちの1つ又は複数から受信されたデータに基づく、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 前記警報モジュールが、1つ又は複数の前記時間順の表示により1つ又は複数の規則が破られたことを判定することに基づいて1つ又は複数の警報を生成する、請求項1〜11の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 前記警報を無線通信装置に送信するための通信モジュールを更に含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記カメラは、対象となっている対象物、対象となっている区域、又は対象となっている人物に焦点を合わせるように1つ又は複数のカメラに警報が更に命令するように、前記警報モジュールに応答する、請求項12又は13に記載のシステム。
- 前記ビデオ監視サブシステム及び前記無線ICタグサブシステムが、互いに無関係に較正される、請求項1〜14の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 前記無線ステーションの1つ又は複数の動作半径と前記1つ又は複数のカメラ副領域との関連付けは、多数対多数の関連付けである、請求項1〜15の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 前記警報モジュールは、(i)基本の事象の組み合わせが発生したか否かを判定することにより、(ii)複数の基本の事象の間の一時的な関係を評価することにより、(iii)複数の基本の事象の間の連続的な関係を評価することにより、又は(iv)第1の基本の事象が発生し且つ第2の基本の事象が発生しないか否かを判定することにより、前記1つ又は複数の規則が破られたか否かを判定する、請求項2に直接的または間接的に従属する請求項12〜14の何れかに記載のシステム。
- 環境内の活動をモニタリングする方法であって、
複数の副領域からなる視野をそれぞれ有する複数のカメラにより生成された複数の画像信号を受信し、
複数の無線ステーションにより生成されたデータを受信し、前記データが前記環境内の対象物と関連付けられた複数の無線タグとの相互作用に基づいており、
前記画像信号および前記複数の無線ステーションにより生成されたデータに少なくとも部分的に基づいて、1つ又は複数のカメラ副領域と前記無線ステーションの1つ又は複数の動作半径との間の関連付けを推論し、
前記複数のカメラの視野と前記複数の無線ステーションの動作半径との間で複数の対象物が移動する際、前記環境内の前記複数の対象物を追跡し、
前記対象物と関連した情報を格納し、その情報が前記対象物に関連する1つ又は複数の規則を含み、
前記画像信号、及び前記複数の無線ステーションから受信されたデータに基づいて、前記複数の対象物の物理的位置を時間順に表し、
前記1つ又は複数の規則を、1つ又は複数の対象物の物理的位置に関する前記時間順の表示に適用することを含む、方法。 - 前記規則の少なくとも1つが、2つ又は3つ以上の基本の事象を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記2つ又は3つ以上の基本の事象が、ブール論理を用いて組み合わされる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記関連付けが、前記カメラ副領域と前記動作半径との間の位置的対応に基づく、請求項18〜20の何れかに記載の方法。
- 複数のカメラにより生成された前記複数の画像信号が、前記複数のカメラの間を移動する対象物の視覚表示、又は前記複数のカメラの前記複数の副領域の間を移動する対象物の視覚表示を含む、請求項18〜21の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記複数の無線ステーションにより生成されたデータが、前記無線ステーションの動作半径の間を移動する対象物と関連した空間的情報を含む、請求項18〜21の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記カメラにより生成された画像信号が、前記複数のカメラの間を移動する対象物の視覚表示を含み、前記無線ステーションにより生成されたデータが、前記無線ステーションの動作半径の間を移動する対象物に関連した空間的情報を含み、前記関連付けが、前記1つ又は複数のカメラ副領域と前記無線ステーションの1つ又は複数の動作半径に共通する対象物の経路に基づいて推論される、請求項18〜21の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記対象物が1つ又は複数の無効区域を通過する間に、前記環境内の1つ又は複数の対象物の位置を推論することを更に含み、前記無効区域が、前記カメラの視野および前記無線ステーションの動作半径の外側にある、請求項18〜24の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記対象物が無効区域を通過する間に、前記対象物の以前の既知の位置に基づいて、前記環境内の対象物に対する次のカメラの位置を推論することを更に含み、前記無効区域が、前記カメラの視野および前記無線ステーションの動作半径の外側にある、請求項18〜24の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記以前の既知の位置が、前記複数のカメラにより生成された前記複数の画像信号、及び前記複数の無線ステーションにより生成されたデータに基づく、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 1つ又は複数の時間順の表示により、1つ又は複数の前記規則が破られたことを判定した際に、1つ又は複数の警報を生成することを更に含む、請求項18〜27の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記警報を無線通信装置に送信することを更に含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記警報が、前記環境内の対象となっている対象物、対象となっている区域、又は対象となっている人物に焦点を合わせるように1つ又は複数のカメラに更に命令する、請求項28又は29に記載の方法。
- 前記無線ステーションの1つ又は複数の動作半径と前記1つ又は複数のカメラ副領域との関連付けは、多数対多数の関連付けである、請求項18〜30の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記1つ又は複数の規則が破られたことを判定することが、(i)基本の事象の組み合わせが発生したか否かを判定すること、(ii)複数の基本の事象の間の一時的な関係を評価すること、(iii)複数の基本の事象の間の連続的な関係を評価すること、又は(iv)第1の基本の事象が発生し且つ第2の基本の事象が発生しないか否かを判定することを含む、請求項19に直接的または間接的に従属する請求項28〜30の何れかに記載の方法。
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CA2620630A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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