JP5080601B2 - ガス流れ中の硫化水素濃度測定装置及び硫化物イオンの定量方法 - Google Patents
ガス流れ中の硫化水素濃度測定装置及び硫化物イオンの定量方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0044—Sulphides, e.g. H2S
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- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
式1 S2−(aq)+4H2O2(aq)=SO4 2−(aq)+4H2O(l)+熱
(1)通常の硫化物の酸化反応とは異なり、この発熱反応の生成物は、不溶性の元素(単体)硫黄ではなく、溶解性の硫酸塩である。
(2)この発熱反応は、アルカリ媒体中で発熱量が大きく、ガス流れからの効率的なH2S吸収だけでなく、液体中への硫化物イオンの固定に非常に適している。
(3)この発熱反応における発熱量は大きいため、生じた温度変化は、硫化物イオンの定量用に適した分析信号として利用できる。
式2 8H2S(g)+8H2O2(aq)=S8(s)+16H2O(l)
式3 ΔT=K×C×ΔH
ここで、Kは系全体の熱容量に関連した定数であり、Cは硫化物イオン濃度(酸化剤が過剰に与えられた場合)であり、ΔHは反応熱である。
図7は、低濃度領域におけるガス流れ中のH2S濃度の段階的変化に対する温度応答を示す図である。中空糸膜コンタクター4としては、Membrana社のポリプロピレン製小型膜モジュールを用いた。温度差の段階的な変化はガス流れ7中のH2S濃度を250ppm(0.025%)ずつ増減した場合の変化に対応している。吸収液1としては、0.3mol/Lの濃度のNaOHを用い、吸収液1の流量は2mL/分とした。酸化剤2としては、2mol/Lの濃度のH2O2を用い、酸化剤2の流量は2mL/分とした。図7は、図5に示した結果と比較して、H2Sのより低濃度範囲における測定装置の温度応答について得られた結果を表している。
図8は、本発明の温度差測定の優位性を実証する例を示す図である。本発明の温度差測定(第2温度測定器6と第1温度測定器5による測定値の差の測定)に基づく結果を実線Dで示し、比較例として第2温度測定器6による測定値と初期入力温度(第1温度測定器5による最初の測定値)の差に基づく結果を破線Cで示す。比較例の場合に第2温度測定器6による測定値と初期入力温度の差を利用しているのは、温度差測定と第2温度測定器6のみの測定を容易に比較できるように、比較例においてゼロ・ベースラインを与えるためである。(最初は、第1温度測定器5の測定値=第2温度測定器6の測定値であり、第2温度測定器6と第1温度測定器5による測定値の差はゼロになる。)
図9(a)〜図9(e)は、ゼロガスとガス流れ中の種々のH2S濃度間の段階的変化に対する測定装置の応答の再現性を示す図である。中空糸膜コンタクター4としては、ポリプロピレン製膜モジュール使用した。そして、図9(a)においては、温度差の段階的な変化はガス流れ7中のH2S濃度を0ppmと25,000ppmとの間で段階的に増減した場合の変化に対応している。吸収液1としては、0.3mol/Lの濃度のNaOHを用い、吸収液1の流量は4mL/分とした。酸化剤2としては、2mol/Lの濃度のH2O2を用い、酸化剤2の流量は4mL/分とした。ガス流れ7の流量は、200mL/分とした。
図10は、感度を高めるのに適した条件における温度測定の応答性を示す図である。中空糸膜コンタクター4としては、ポリプロピレン製膜モジュール使用した。図10においては、温度差の段階的な変化はガス流れ7中のH2S濃度を1,250ppmずつ増減した場合の変化に対応している。吸収液1としては、0.3mol/Lの濃度のNaOHを用い、吸収液1の流量は2mL/分とした。酸化剤2としては、2mol/Lの濃度のH2O2を用い、酸化剤2の流量は2mL/分とした。ガス流れ7の流量は、600mL/分とした。
図11は、H2Sが存在しない場合のN2とCO2との混合ガスの温度測定の応答性を示す図である。図11においては、N2中のCO2濃度の段階的な増加はそれぞれ0%、2.5%、5%、7.5%、10%に対応している。吸収液1としては、0.3mol/Lの濃度のNaOHを用い、吸収液1の流量は2mL/分とした。酸化剤2としては、2mol/Lの濃度のH2O2を用い、酸化剤2の流量は2mL/分とした。ガス流れ7の流量は、200mL/分とした。
Claims (11)
- ガス流れ中の硫化水素ガスの濃度を測定する測定装置であって、
硫化水素ガスを硫化物イオンとして吸収可能な吸収液と、
前記ガス流れと前記吸収液の流れとを膜を介して接触させ、前記ガス流れ中の前記硫化水素ガスの少なくとも一部を硫化物イオンとして前記吸収液に吸収させる膜コンタクターと、
前記膜コンタクターに前記吸収液を供給する吸収液供給器と、
硫化物イオンと発熱反応する酸化剤と、
前記吸収液に前記酸化剤を供給する酸化剤供給器と、
前記吸収液が吸収した前記硫化物イオンと前記酸化剤とが発熱反応する前に、前記吸収液の温度を測定する第1温度測定器と、
前記吸収液が吸収した前記硫化物イオンと前記酸化剤とが発熱反応した後に、前記吸収液の温度を測定する第2温度測定器と、
を備える測定装置。 - 前記吸収液は、アルカリ溶液である請求項1に記載の測定装置。
- 前記酸化剤は、過酸化水素、又は、次亜塩素酸塩である請求項1又は2に記載の測定装置。
- 前記吸収液を貯蔵する第1容器と、
前記酸化剤を貯蔵する第2容器と、
をさらに備える請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置。 - 前記酸化剤供給器は、前記吸収液が前記硫化水素ガスの前記少なくとも一部を吸収した後に、前記吸収液に前記酸化剤を供給する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置。
- 前記酸化剤供給器は、前記膜コンタクターの液体導出端の近傍領域において、前記吸収液に前記酸化剤を供給する請求項5に記載の測定装置。
- 前記酸化剤供給器は、前記吸収液が前記硫化水素ガスの前記少なくとも一部を吸収する前に、前記吸収液に前記酸化剤を供給する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置。
- 前記酸化剤供給器は、前記膜コンタクターの液体導入端の近傍領域において、前記吸収液に前記酸化剤を供給する請求項7に記載の測定装置。
- 前記吸収液と前記酸化剤との混合液を貯蔵する第3容器をさらに備える請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置を用いた前記吸収液中の硫化物イオンの定量方法であって、
前記膜コンタクターによって前記ガス流れ中の前記硫化水素ガスの前記少なくとも一部を硫化物イオンとして吸収した前記吸収液中の前記硫化物イオンを前記酸化剤と発熱反応させる発熱反応工程と、
前記第1温度測定器によって測定された前記吸収液の温度と、前記第2温度測定器によって測定された前記吸収液の温度との差異に基づいて、前記硫化物イオンの定量値を算出する算出工程と、
を備える定量方法。 - 前記酸化剤は、過酸化水素、又は、次亜塩素酸塩である請求項10に記載の定量方法。
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CN110624399B (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-10-01 | 南京工业大学 | 一种催化膜接触器以及气体脱硫脱硝方法 |
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