JP5065678B2 - 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 257
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 344
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 136
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 136
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
原料ガスを水素リッチな水素含有ガスに改質する改質装置と、
燃料電池と、
前記原料ガスあるいは前記水素含有ガスを燃焼して前記改質装置に熱を供給する燃焼装置と、
前記原料ガス供給装置、前記改質装置、前記燃料電池及び前記燃焼装置を順次連通する連通路と、
制御装置と、を有する燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムが非常停止した場合には、前記制御装置は、次回の前記燃焼装置の着火動作までに、前記原料ガス供給装置を制御して前記改質装置及び前記改質装置から前記燃焼装置に至る前記連通路を含んで構成される水素含有ガス流路の少なくとも一部に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給処理を行わせる。
前記原料ガス供給装置と前記改質装置との間の前記連通路に配設されている第1の弁と、
前記燃料電池と前記燃焼装置との間の前記連通路に配設されている第2の弁と、
前記燃料電池と前記第2の弁との間の前記連通路に配設されている第3の弁と、
前記改質装置及び前記燃料電池の間の連通路と前記第3の弁及び前記第2の弁の間の連通路とを接続する分岐路と、
前記改質装置及び前記燃料電池の間の連通路と前記分岐路との接合部に配設された三方弁と、を有し、
前記原料ガス供給処理には、前記第3の弁と前記三方弁とを制御して前記燃料電池を前記燃料電池システムから隔離する燃料電池隔離動作と、
該燃料電池隔離動作後に、前記第1及び第2の弁と前記原料ガス供給装置とを制御して、前記隔離された部分を除く前記連通路、前記分岐路、前記改質装置及び前記燃焼装置内に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給動作と、を含むとよい。このように構成すると、空気を含んでいる可能性のある残留ガスを燃料電池内に流通させずに低減あるいはパージできるので、空気を含んでいる可能性のある残留ガスの流通による燃料電池の性能劣化を抑制することができる。
原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給装置と、
原料ガスを水素リッチな水素含有ガスに改質する改質装置と、
燃料電池と、
前記原料ガスあるいは前記水素含有ガスを燃焼して前記改質装置に熱を供給する燃焼装置と、
前記原料ガス供給装置、前記改質装置、前記燃料電池及び前記燃焼装置を順次連通する連通路と、を有する燃料電池システムの運転方法であって、
前記燃料電池システムが非常停止した場合には、次回の前記燃焼装置の着火動作までに、前記原料ガス供給装置によって前記改質装置及び前記改質装置から前記燃焼装置に至る前記連通路を含んで構成される水素含有ガス流路の少なくとも一部に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給ステップを有する。
図1は、実施の形態1の燃料電池システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。燃料電池システムは、原料ガス供給装置1と、水供給装置2と、改質装置3と、燃料電池4と、燃焼装置5と、連通路6A乃至6Eと、分岐路6F,6Gと、水蒸気発生器9と、第1乃至第3の弁10,11,12と、大気開放装置13と、三方弁14と、第4の弁14と、酸化剤ガス供給装置7とを備えて構成されている。
ところで、ステップS3において、通常状態と判別されない場合にはステップS14に進む。すなわち、通常状態の情報が検出されない場合にはステップS14に進む。あるいは、非常停止情報が検出された場合、又は、通常状態の情報が検出されている場合であっても、燃料電池システムが封止状態でない場合、具体的には第2の弁11あるいは大気開放装置13の少なくともいずれかが開放状態である場合には、通常状態ではないと判別し、ステップS14に進むように構成されていてもよい。
実施の形態2は、実施の形態1の燃料電池システムにおいて、原料ガス供給処理を、燃料電池起動動作とは関係なく燃料電池運転停止期間中において行う実施の形態である。例えば、燃料電池システムの保守点検後のシステム復旧信号あるいは燃料電池システムの停止状態モードの切り換え信号に基づいて行うものである。したがって、燃料電池システムの構成、燃料電池運転時及び燃料電池運転停止動作時における燃料電池システムの動作は実施の形態1と同様であるので、説明を省略する。
2 水供給装置
3 改質装置
3A 改質器
3B 変成器
3C 選択酸化器
4 燃料電池
4A (アノードガス流路の)入口
4B (アノードガス流路の)出口
5 燃焼装置
5A 本体
5B 空気供給装置
6A〜6E 連通路
6F,6G 分岐路
7 酸化剤ガス供給装置
9 水蒸気発生器
10 第1の弁
11 第2の弁
12 第3の弁
13 大気開放装置
14 三方弁
14A 第1の弁口
14B 第2の弁口
14C 第3の弁口
15 第4の弁
20 制御装置
20A 制御部
20B 記憶部
20C バックアップ電源部
P 第1の流路
Q 第2の流路
S1〜24 ステップ
S100,S200 原料ガス供給ステップ
Claims (9)
- 原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給装置と、
原料ガスを水素リッチな水素含有ガスに改質する改質装置と、
燃料電池と、
前記原料ガスあるいは前記水素含有ガスを燃焼して前記改質装置に熱を供給する燃焼装置と、
前記原料ガス供給装置、前記改質装置、前記燃料電池及び前記燃焼装置を順次連通する連通路と、
制御装置と、を有する燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムが非常停止した場合には、前記制御装置は、次回の前記燃焼装置の着火動作までに、前記原料ガス供給装置を制御して前記改質装置及び前記改質装置から前記燃焼装置に至る前記連通路を含んで構成される水素含有ガス流路の少なくとも一部に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給処理を行わせる、燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記原料ガス供給処理を少なくとも次回の前記燃焼装置の着火動作の直前において行わせる、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記原料ガス供給処理を少なくとも前記燃料電池の運転停止期間中において行わせる、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記原料ガス供給処理において、前記原料ガスを少なくとも前記水素含有ガス流路の流路容積に相当する量供給させる、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムが非常停止した場合には、前記制御装置は、次回の前記燃焼装置の着火動作時において、前記燃料電池の運転停止動作が履行されている前記燃料電池システムの状態である通常状態時の着火動作時間に比べ、着火動作時間を延長させる、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記原料ガス供給装置と前記改質装置との間の前記連通路に配設されている第1の弁と、
前記燃料電池と前記燃焼装置との間の前記連通路に配設されている第2の弁と、
前記燃料電池と前記第2の弁との間の前記連通路に配設されている第3の弁と、
前記改質装置及び前記燃料電池の間の連通路と前記第3の弁及び前記第2の弁の間の連通路とを接続する分岐路と、
前記改質装置及び前記燃料電池の間の連通路と前記分岐路との接合部に配設された三方弁と、を有し、
前記原料ガス供給処理には、前記第3の弁と前記三方弁とを制御して前記燃料電池を前記燃料電池システムから隔離する燃料電池隔離動作と、
該燃料電池隔離動作後に、前記第1及び第2の弁と前記原料ガス供給装置とを制御して、前記隔離された部分を除く前記連通路、前記分岐路、前記改質装置及び前記燃焼装置内に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給動作と、を含む、請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記原料ガス供給処理は、前記改質器から前記燃料電池を経由して前記燃焼装置までの経路に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給動作を含む、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃焼装置は、空気供給装置を備え、
前記原料ガス供給処理において、前記制御装置は、前記空気供給装置を制御して、前記燃焼装置から流出する排出ガスの濃度が可燃濃度未満となるように前記排出ガスを希釈する、請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給装置と、
原料ガスを水素リッチな水素含有ガスに改質する改質装置と、
燃料電池と、
前記原料ガスあるいは前記水素含有ガスを燃焼して前記改質装置に熱を供給する燃焼装置と、
前記原料ガス供給装置、前記改質装置、前記燃料電池及び前記燃焼装置を順次連通する連通路と、を有する燃料電池システムの運転方法であって、
前記燃料電池システムが非常停止した場合には、次回の前記燃焼装置の着火動作までに、前記原料ガス供給装置によって前記改質装置及び前記改質装置から前記燃焼装置に至る前記連通路を含んで構成される水素含有ガス流路の少なくとも一部に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給ステップを有する、燃料電池システムの運転方法。
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JP5427379B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-30 | 2014-02-26 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
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EP2420473B1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2014-08-27 | Panasonic Corporation | Method of operating a hydrogen generation device |
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US10483562B2 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2019-11-19 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | System for rebalancing a pressure differential in an anode exhaust system of a fuel cell with a relational water seal |
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