JP5049795B2 - n−ヘンイコサンの製造方法 - Google Patents
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- JP5049795B2 JP5049795B2 JP2007556713A JP2007556713A JP5049795B2 JP 5049795 B2 JP5049795 B2 JP 5049795B2 JP 2007556713 A JP2007556713 A JP 2007556713A JP 2007556713 A JP2007556713 A JP 2007556713A JP 5049795 B2 JP5049795 B2 JP 5049795B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- FNAZRRHPUDJQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FNAZRRHPUDJQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VUVUIDMZOWHIIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heneicosan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)=O VUVUIDMZOWHIIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WSULSMOGMLRGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromooctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr WSULSMOGMLRGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical group CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000003016 pheromone Substances 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000256118 Aedes aegypti Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAFQYUQIAOWKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl undecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC IAFQYUQIAOWKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031902 chemoattractant activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ZJKILAIUUZEGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nonyl-3-oxotridecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)CCCCCCCCC ZJKILAIUUZEGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOACSXJVHDTDSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosan-11-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC DOACSXJVHDTDSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSMOENVRRABVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)C=C VSMOENVRRABVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HABRKYMFOVMIBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)OC(C)=O HABRKYMFOVMIBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SPOXUSGCKOQPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5R*,6S*)-6-acetoxyhexadecan-5-olide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC(OC(C)=O)C1CCCC(=O)O1 SPOXUSGCKOQPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSMOENVRRABVKN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 1-Octen-3-ol Natural products CCCCC[C@H](O)C=C VSMOENVRRABVKN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDXQPTHHAPCTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Octen-1-ol Natural products CCCCC=CCCO YDXQPTHHAPCTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006214 Clemmensen reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000256057 Culex quinquefasciatus Species 0.000 description 1
- YUXIBTJKHLUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl succinate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCCC YUXIBTJKHLUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproleic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=C KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002097 dibutylsuccinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEBKSQSGNGRGDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N kairomone Natural products CCCCCC=CCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O XEBKSQSGNGRGDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002410 kairomone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002703 undecylenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
(i) 酢酸中のウンデシレン酸を触媒としての白金黒の存在下で水素化することによる、n-ウンデカン酸の合成工程;
(ii) n-ウンデカン酸とエチルアルコールとの、触媒として硫酸を用いる反応による、エチルウンデカノエートの合成工程;
(iii) 活性ナトリウムエトキシドの存在下、120℃、真空下でエチルウンデカノエートを自己縮合させて、2-ノニル-3-オキソ-トリデカン酸エチルエステル(β-ケトエステル)を得る工程;
(iv) このβ-ケトエステルをけん化して11-ヘンイコサノンを得る工程;および
(v) 11-ヘンイコサノンを、濃塩酸および亜鉛アマルガムで還元(Clemmensen還元)してn-ヘンイコサンを得る工程。
Current Science, 78(11), 1295-96, 2000 Rec trav chim., 55, 903-914, 1936
(i)2,4-プロパンジオンを、1-ブロモオクタデカンと、無水エタノール中、触媒としての18-クラウン-6の存在下で反応させることによって2-ヘンイコサノンを合成する工程と、
(ii)2-ヘンイコサノンを、ジエチレングリコール中、ヒドラジン水和物と水酸化カリウムとを用いて還元することによってn-ヘンイコサンを合成する工程。
(a)2,4-アルカンジオンを、1-ブロモオクタデカンと、無水エタノール中、触媒としての18-クラウン-6の存在下で反応させて2-ヘンイコサノンを生成させる工程と、
(b)前記2-ヘンイコサノンを、エチレングリコール中、ヒドラジン水和物と水酸化カリウムとを用いて還元してn-ヘンイコサンを得る工程と
を含む製造方法を提供する。
水凝縮器、塩化カルシウム管、および機械式攪拌機を備えた2Lの2つ口丸底フラスコに、5〜9重量%、好ましくは7〜8重量%の2,4-ペンタンジオン、45〜55重量%、好ましくは48〜52重量%の1-ブロモオクタデカン、0.005〜0.009重量%、好ましくは0.006〜0.008重量%の18-クラウン-6、10〜15重量%、好ましくは11〜12重量%の無水炭酸カリウム、および、20〜40重量%、好ましくは28〜32重量%の無水エタノールを撹拌しながら添加した。この混合物を、80〜100℃、好ましくは85〜95℃の温度にて還流させた。
上記の2-ヘンイコサノンを、水凝縮器、塩化カルシウム管、および機械式攪拌機を備えた3Lの2つ口丸底フラスコに入れた。これに、300 mlのヒドラジン水和物、325 gの水酸化カリウムペレット、および1500 mlのジエチレングリコールを撹拌しながら添加した。この混合物を、110℃にて継続的に撹拌しながら6時間還流させた。水および過剰のヒドラジンを蒸留によって除去し、温度を11時間の間に徐々に210℃に昇温させた。この後、反応混合物を周囲温度(25℃)に冷却し、1500 mlの水で処理した。ジクロロメタンで抽出した後、蒸発させることによって、N-ヘンイコサンを分離した。この粗n-ヘンイコサンを、蒸留(0.05 mmHgの圧力で沸点129℃)した後、アセトンから再結晶することによって精製した。全収率は、95%(282 g)より高く、融点は41〜42℃であった。
水凝縮器、塩化カルシウム管、および機械式攪拌機を備えた2Lの2つ口丸底フラスコに、100 gの2,4-ペンタンジオン、600 gの1-ブロモオクタデカン、10 gの18-クラウン-6、125 gの無水炭酸カリウム、および、550 mlの無水エタノールを撹拌しながら添加した。この混合物を、95℃の温度にて継続的に攪拌しながら24時間還流させた。この温度での還流の後、混合物を周囲温度(25℃)に冷却し、550 mlの水を添加し、この混合物から2-ヘンイコサノンをジクロロメタンで抽出した。ジクロロメタンを蒸留すると、2-ヘンイコサノンが得られた。
水凝縮器、塩化カルシウム管、および機械式攪拌機を備えた2Lの2つ口丸底フラスコに、70 gの2,4-ペンタンジオン、650 gの1-ブロモオクタデカン、10 gの18-クラウン-6、140 gの無水炭酸カリウム、および、600 mlの無水エタノールを撹拌しながら添加した。この混合物を、90℃の温度にて継続的に攪拌しながら30時間還流させた。この温度での還流の後、混合物を周囲温度(25℃)に冷却し、600 mlの水を添加し、この混合物から2-ヘンイコサノンをジクロロメタンで抽出した。ジクロロメタンを蒸留すると、2-ヘンイコサノンが得られた。
Claims (7)
- n-ヘンイコサンの製造方法であって、
(a)2,4-アルカンジオンを、1-ブロモオクタデカンと、無水エタノール中、触媒としての18-クラウン-6の存在下で反応させて2-ヘンイコサノンを生成させる工程と、
(b)前記2-ヘンイコサノンを、ジエチレングリコールまたはトリエチレングリコール中、ヒドラジン水和物と水酸化カリウムとを用いて還元してn-ヘンイコサンを得る工程と
を含む製造方法。 - 前記2,4-アルカンジオンが、2,4-ペンタンジオンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 2,4-アルカンジオンと1-ブロモオクタデカンとの、無水エタノール中での前記反応が、無水炭酸カリウムの存在下で行われる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記2,4-アルカンジオンの量が、5〜9重量%であり、前記1-ブロモオクタデカンの量が、45〜55重量%であり、前記18-クラウン-6の量が、0.005〜0.009重量%であり、前記無水炭酸カリウムの量が、10〜15重量%であり、かつ、前記無水エタノールの量が、20〜40重量%である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)において、前記反応物質を、80〜100℃の温度にて継続的に攪拌しながら24〜42時間還流させる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)で得られた2-ヘンイコサノンを、8〜15重量%のヒドラジン水和物、10〜15重量%の水酸化カリウムペレット、および、55〜70重量%のジエチレングリコールもしくはトリエチレングリコールの混合物と共に還流させることによって、前記工程(b)を行う、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(b)の還流を、90〜130℃にて継続的に攪拌しながら4〜8時間行った後、前記混合物から水および過剰のヒドラジンを蒸留によって除去し、さらに前記混合物を200〜230℃の昇温させた温度にて8〜16時間還流させることによって行う、請求項6に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IN418DE2005 | 2005-02-25 | ||
IN418/DEL/2005 | 2005-02-25 | ||
PCT/IN2005/000213 WO2006090411A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-06-23 | A process for the preparation of n-heneicosane |
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JP2008531549A JP2008531549A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
JP5049795B2 true JP5049795B2 (ja) | 2012-10-17 |
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US (1) | US7615672B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1858832B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5049795B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0520048B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006090411A1 (ja) |
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US10771413B1 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2020-09-08 | Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | System and method for customizing electronic messages |
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US4070410A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-01-24 | Matishev Vladimir Alexandrovic | Method of isolating individual normal alkanes from petroleum stock |
IT1155402B (it) * | 1982-10-11 | 1987-01-28 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | Alchilazione di composti ch-acidi in condizioni di catalisi di trasferimento di fase gas-liquido |
US6225506B1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-05-01 | Boulder Scientific Company | Synthesis of alkene-2-ones |
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- 2005-06-23 EP EP05769040A patent/EP1858832B1/en active Active
- 2005-06-23 WO PCT/IN2005/000213 patent/WO2006090411A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-06-23 JP JP2007556713A patent/JP5049795B2/ja active Active
- 2005-06-23 US US11/883,155 patent/US7615672B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2006090411A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
JP2008531549A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
BRPI0520048B1 (pt) | 2014-09-02 |
EP1858832B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
US7615672B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
US20080293992A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
EP1858832A1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
BRPI0520048A2 (pt) | 2009-12-01 |
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