JP5030703B2 - 熱可塑性樹脂組成物および樹脂成形品 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂組成物および樹脂成形品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5030703B2 JP5030703B2 JP2007200348A JP2007200348A JP5030703B2 JP 5030703 B2 JP5030703 B2 JP 5030703B2 JP 2007200348 A JP2007200348 A JP 2007200348A JP 2007200348 A JP2007200348 A JP 2007200348A JP 5030703 B2 JP5030703 B2 JP 5030703B2
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Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
このような特長を有する本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、幅広い分野に使用することが可能であり、電気・電子機器部品、OA機器、機械部品、車輌部品、建築部材、各種容器、レジャ−用品・雑貨類、携帯電話などの各種ハウジングなどの各種用途に有用である。剛性、流動性、耐衝撃性及び滞留熱安定性のバランスに優れ、更には耐薬品性、外観に優れているため、特に車輌外装・外板部品、車輌内装部品に適している。
車輌内装部品としては、インナ−ドアハンドル、センタ−パネル、インストルメンタルパネル、コンソ−ルボックス、ラゲッジフロアボ−ド、カ−ナビゲ−ションなどのディスプレイハウジングなどが挙げられる。
本発明に用いる芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(以下、「A成分」と略記することがある。)とは、原料として、芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物とカーボネート前駆体とを使用し、または、これらに併せて少量のポリヒドロキシ化合物を使用して得られ、直鎖または分岐の熱可塑性の重合体または共重合体である。
本発明に用いる熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(以下、「B成分」と略記することがある。)は、ジカルボン酸類またはその反応性誘導体からなるジカルボン酸成分と、ジオ−ル類またはそのエステル誘導体からなるジオ−ル成分とを主成分とする縮合反応により得られる重合体または共重合体である。
またポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト樹脂中には、重合時の副反応生成物であるジエチレングリコ−ルが共重合成分として含まれるが、このジエチレングリコ−ルの量は、重合反応に用いるジオ−ル成分の全量100モル%中、0.5モル%以上であることが好ましく、通常6モル%以下、中でも5モル%以下であることが好ましい。
なお上記の固有粘度は、フェノール/テトラクロルエタン(重量比1/1)の混合溶媒を使用し、30℃で測定した値である。
なお、熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂の末端カルボキシル基濃度は、ベンジルアルコール25mLにポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂0.5gを溶解し、水酸化ナトリウムの0.01モル/Lベンジルアルコール溶液を使用して滴定することにより求めることができる。
本発明に用いるウォラストナイト(以下、「C成分」と略記することがある。)とは、針状結晶をもつ白色鉱物であり、化学式はCaO・SiO2で表される。通常SiO2が約50重量%、CaOが約46重量%、その他Fe2O3、Al2O3等を含有しており、比重は2.9である。
前記構成成分(A〜C成分)からなる本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、ミクロ形態を電子顕微鏡で観察した際、連続相(以下、「海相」という)と不連続相(以下、「島相」という)からなるミクロ形態を有し、ウォラストナイト(C成分)が主に芳香族ポリカ−ボネ−ト樹脂(A成分)相中に存在することを大きな特徴とする。ここで、「主に」とは、C成分の50%以上が、好ましくは65%以上が、最も好ましくは85%以上が、A成分中に存在していることを意味する。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物には、耐衝撃性を向上させる目的でゴム性重合体(以下、「D成分」と略記することがある。)を配合することが好ましい。ゴム性重合体とは、ガラス転移温度が0℃以下、中でも−20℃以下のものを示し、ゴム性重合体にこれと共重合可能な単量体成分とを共重合した重合体をも含む。本発明に用いるゴム性重合体は、一般に芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂に配合されて、その耐衝撃性を改良し得る、従来公知の任意のものを使用できる。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において滞留熱安定性を向上するために、リン系化合物(以下、「E成分」と略記することがある。)を含有させることが好ましい。リン系化合物としては、各種公知のものを使用することができるが、下記一般式(I)で表される有機リン酸エステル化合物(E1成分)及び/又は下記一般式(II)で表される亜リン酸エステル化合物(E2成分)が好ましい。
(一般式(I)中、Rはアルキル基またはアリ−ル基であり、尚、Rが複数有る場合には、Rは各々、同一であっても、異なっていてもよい。mは0〜2の整数を示す。)
E2成分である上記一般式(II)中、R’は、好ましくは、炭素原子数1〜30のアルキル基または炭素原子数6〜30のアリ−ル基である。上記一般式(II)で表される亜リン酸エステル化合物の好ましい具体例としては、ジステアリルペンタエリスリト−ルジホスファイト、ビス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリト−ルジホスファイト、ビス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリト−ルジホスファイトを挙げることできる。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物においては、これを構成する芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)、熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(B成分)の含有比率は、A成分及びB成分の合計100重量部中、A成分が10〜90重量部、B成分が90〜10重量部であり、好ましくはA成分が40〜90重量部、B成分が60〜10重量部であり、より好ましくはA成分が50〜85重量部、B成分が50〜15重量部、特に好ましくはA成分が55〜79重量部、B成分が45〜21重量部である。A成分を10重量部以上とすることで耐衝撃性がより向上する傾向にあり、90重量部を未満とすることで流動性や耐薬品性、滞留熱安定性がより向上する傾向にある。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて本発明の目的を損なわない範囲において上記A、B、C、D、E成分以外に他の樹脂や各種樹脂添加剤を含有していてもよい。
他の樹脂としては、例えば、アクリロニトリル−スチレン共重合体、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体、ポリスチレン樹脂等のスチレン系樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂等のポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂、ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリメタクリレート樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、前記A〜C成分の他に、樹脂や添加剤等を、従来公知の任意の方法を適宜選択して、製造することができる。
具体的には例えば、前記A〜E成分および必要に応じて配合される添加成分を、タンブラ−やヘンシェルミキサ−などの各種混合機を用い予め混合した後、バンバリ−ミキサ−、ロ−ル、ブラベンダ−、単軸混練押出機、二軸混練押出機、ニ−ダ−などで溶融混練することによって樹脂組成物を製造することができる。また、各成分を予め混合せずに、または、一部の成分のみ予め混合してフィダ−を用いて押出機に供給して溶融混練して樹脂組成物を製造することもできる。さらに、C成分以外を上流部分に一括投入し溶融混錬した後、中流以降でC成分を添加し樹脂成分と溶融混練する方法も、得られる樹脂組成物の機械物性の点から好ましい。
<芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)>
芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(1):界面重合法で製造されたビスフェノールA型芳香族ポリカーボネート(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製「ユーピロンS−3000FN」、粘度平均分子量22500)
ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト樹脂(1):三菱化学社製「ノバペックスGG500」(固有粘度0.76dl/g)
ウォラストナイト(1):ナイコミネラルズ社製「ナイグロス4 10994」(平均粒子径3.4μm、体積平均繊維長15μm、水と混合した場合のウォラストナイトの沈降量は1重量%(水中での分散性無し)、アルキルシラン表面処理品)
ウォラストナイト(2):ナイコミネラルズ社製「ナイグロス4」(平均粒子径3.4μm、体積平均繊維長17μm、水と混合した場合のウォラストナイトの沈降量は96重量%(水中での分散性有り)、未処理品)
300Lのヘンシェルミキサ−(ス−パ−ミキサ−Z−3SP)にナイコミネラルズ社製「ナイグロス4」を100kg仕込み、400rpmで予備攪拌しながらメチルシリケ−ト(多摩化学工業社製 Mシリケ−ト51)3kgを数分間かけて添加した。次いで750rpmで攪拌混合しながら、内部温度が120℃になるまで攪拌混合を続け、表面処理されたウォラストナイト(6)を得た。得られたウォラストナイト(6)は、平均粒子径3.4μm、体積平均繊維長16μm、水と混合した場合のウォラストナイトの沈降量は52重量%(水中での分散性有り)であった。
ゴム性重合体(1):ポリブタジエン(コア)/アクリル酸アルキル・メタクリル酸アルキル共重合物(シェル)からなるコア/シェル型グラフト共重合体、ロ−ム・アンド・ハ−ス・ジャパン社製「パラロイドEXL2603」
ゴム性重合体(2):ポリアクリル酸アルキル(コア)/アクリル酸アルキル・メタクリル酸アルキル共重合物(シェル)からなるコア/シェル型グラフト共重合体、ロ−ム・アンド・ハ−ス・ジャパン社製「パラロイドEXL2315」
リン系化合物(1):化学式O=P(OH)n'(OC18H37)3−n'(n'が1と2の混合物)、旭電化工業社製 「アデカスタブAX−71」リン系化合物(2):ジステアリルペンタエリスリト−ルジホスファイト、旭電化工業社製 「アデカスタブPEP−8」
芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂、熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂、ゴム性重合体およびリン系化合物を表1〜表3に示す割合にてタンブラ−ミキサ−で均一に混合した後、二軸押出機(日本製鋼所製、TEX30XCT、L/D=42、バレル数12)を用いて、シリンダ−温度270℃、スクリュ−回転数250rpmにてバレル1より押出機にフィ−ドし溶融混練し、更にバレル7よりウォラストナイトを表1〜表3に示す割合にて押出機に途中フィ−ドして溶融混練することにより樹脂組成物のペレットを作製した。
上記の方法で得られたペレットを、120℃で4時間以上乾燥した後、名機製作所製のM150AII−SJ型射出成形機を用いて、シリンダ−温度280℃、金型温度80℃、成形サイクル55秒の条件で、ASTM試験片および100mmΦの円板状成形品(厚さ3mmt)を作成した。また、滞留成形を1サイクル5分で行い、5ショット目以降の円板状成形品について評価を行った。
(1)水と混合した場合のウォラストナイトの沈降量測定
内容積200ミリリットルのスキーブ型分液ロートを用い、純水100gと、325メッシュの篩を通過させたウォラストナイト5gとを分液ロートに投入し、手で1分間振った後に60分間静置させ、分液ロートの底に沈降しているウォラストナイトの重量を求め、投入した全ウォラストナイト中の沈降したウォラストナイトの重量%を求めた。
100mmΦの円板状成形品(厚さ3mmt)の中心部分から約2×4×8mmの小片を切り出し、クライオ装置(REICHERT−NSSEIPCS)を装着した超ミクロトーム(ライカ社製ULTRACUT CUT)を用いて、−100℃にてダイヤモンドナイフで肉厚中心部の流動方向と直交する面が観察面となるように厚さ100nmの超薄切片を切り出した。次に、切り出した超薄切片を4酸化ルテニウム(RuO4)で染色し、透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子社製、型式:JEM1200EXII型)を用いて、ウォラストナイトの分散状態を観察した。ウォラストナイトが暗色に、芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂が灰色に、熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂が明色に観察される。ウォラストナイト100個中のうち何個が芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)相の存在するかを観察し、芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂相中に存在する割合を求めた。
樹脂組成物のペレットを120℃で4時間以上乾燥し、高荷式フローテスターを使用し、280℃、荷重160kgf/cm2の条件下で組成物の単位時間当たりの流出量Q値(単位:ml/s)を測定し、流動性を評価した。なお、オリフィスは直径1mm×長さ10mmのものを使用した。Q値が高いほど、流動性に優れていることを示す。
ASTM D790に準拠して、厚さ6.4mmの試験片を用いて、23℃において測定した。
(5)耐衝撃性(Izod衝撃強度)
ASTM D256に準拠して、厚み3.2mmのノッチ付き試験片を用いて、23℃においてIzod衝撃強度(単位:J/m)を測定した。
(6)滞留熱安定性
上記円板状成形品(滞留成形品)の表面外観を目視にて観察し、シルバ−ストリ−クによる肌荒れの全くないものを◎、シルバ−ストリ−クによる肌荒れのほとんどないものを○、シルバ−ストリ−クによる肌荒れのあるものを×として評価した。
表1〜表3に用いた組成比と配合方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、上述の評価を行って、結果を表1〜表3に示した。
Claims (8)
- 芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)10〜90重量部と熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(B成分)90〜10重量部の合計100重量部に対して、ウォラストナイト(C成分)1〜150重量部を含有する熱可塑性樹脂組成物であって、前記ウォラストナイトは内容積200ミリリットルのスキーブ型分液ロートを用い、純水100gと、325メッシュの篩を通過させたウォラストナイト5gとを分液ロートに投入し、手で1分間振った後に60分間静置させ、分液ロートの底に沈降しているウォラストナイトの重量が投入した全ウォラストナイト中5重量%以下であるものであり、この熱可塑性樹脂組成物のミクロ形態を電子顕微鏡で観察した際、連続相(以下、「海相」という)と不連続相(以下、「島相」という)からなるミクロ形態を有し、ウォラストナイト(C成分)の85%以上が芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)相中に存在することを特徴とする、熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)が海相を構成し、熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(B成分)が島相を構成する、海−島構造のミクロ形態を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)50〜85重量部と熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(B成分)50〜15重量部との合計100重量部よりなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- ウォラストナイト(C成分)の含有量が、芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)と熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(B成分)との合計100重量部に対して5〜80重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- ウォラストナイト(C成分)が、アルキルシランで表面処理されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 更にゴム性重合体(D成分)を、芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂(A成分)と熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(B成分)との合計100重量部に対して1〜40重量部含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂(B成分)100重量部中、ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト樹脂を10重量部以上含有することを特徴とする、請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1乃至7の何れかに記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物を成形して成ることを特徴とする樹脂成形品。
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