JP4997722B2 - Fuel reformer and fuel cell power generator - Google Patents

Fuel reformer and fuel cell power generator Download PDF

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JP4997722B2
JP4997722B2 JP2005208334A JP2005208334A JP4997722B2 JP 4997722 B2 JP4997722 B2 JP 4997722B2 JP 2005208334 A JP2005208334 A JP 2005208334A JP 2005208334 A JP2005208334 A JP 2005208334A JP 4997722 B2 JP4997722 B2 JP 4997722B2
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fuel
temperature
container
electric heater
fuel reformer
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JP2007026927A (en
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範壽 千歳
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Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Description

本発明は、燃料電池に用いる燃料改質器に関し、特に、低出力の小型燃料電池に用いて好適なコンパクトな燃料改質器に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a fuel reformer used in a fuel cell, and more particularly to a compact fuel reformer suitable for use in a low-power small fuel cell.

従来より、燃料電池に導入する反応用ガスとして都市ガス等の炭化水素系の燃料ガスを用いる場合は、この炭化水素系燃料ガス（原燃料ガス）を水素リッチなガスに改質するために燃料改質器が用いられている。   Conventionally, when a hydrocarbon-based fuel gas such as city gas is used as a reaction gas to be introduced into a fuel cell, a fuel is used to reform the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas (raw fuel gas) into a hydrogen-rich gas. A reformer is used.

上記燃料改質器は、水蒸気発生器等から供給される水蒸気と原燃料ガスとを混合させて混合ガスとした後、３５０℃以上の高温雰囲気下において両者を反応させることにより水素を生成するものである。
すなわち、上記改質器（水蒸気改質）においては、まず原燃料ガスであるメタンと水蒸気とが反応して水素と一酸化炭素とが発生し、さらに、この一酸化炭素と水蒸気とが反応することにより、二酸化酸素とともに水素が発生する。
これを反応式で示せば、以下の通りである。
ＣＨ4＋Ｈ2Ｏ→Ｈ2＋ＣＯ
ＣＯ＋Ｈ2Ｏ→３Ｈ2＋ＣＯ2 The fuel reformer generates hydrogen by mixing steam supplied from a steam generator and the like into a mixed gas and then reacting them in a high temperature atmosphere of 350 ° C. or higher. It is.
That is, in the reformer (steam reforming), methane, which is a raw fuel gas, and steam react with each other to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and further, the carbon monoxide and steam react. As a result, hydrogen is generated together with oxygen dioxide.
This can be represented by the following reaction formula.
CH 4 + H 2 O → H 2 + CO
CO + H 2 O → 3H 2 + CO 2

ところで、近年、各種燃料電池の研究開発が進み、その用途も大規模な発電システムから、家庭用発電システム、或いは燃料電池自動車等の小規模発電まで様々な分野での活用が期待されている。最近では、小規模発電用に燃料電池発電システムの小型化、低コスト化の要請が強くなってきており、燃料改質器においても小型・軽量化、低コスト化が重要な課題となっている。このような小型化を図った燃料改質器として特許文献１が開示されている。   By the way, in recent years, research and development of various fuel cells have progressed, and their application is expected to be utilized in various fields from large-scale power generation systems to small-scale power generation such as home power generation systems or fuel cell vehicles. Recently, there is an increasing demand for downsizing and cost reduction of fuel cell power generation systems for small-scale power generation, and miniaturization, weight reduction, and cost reduction are important issues in fuel reformers. . Patent Document 1 is disclosed as a fuel reformer that achieves such downsizing.

また、導入する燃料ガス量は燃料電池の出力規模によって変わるものであり、特に、小型（低出力）燃料電池の場合は、高出力燃料電池に比べて、導入する燃料ガスの量や温度が発電性能に影響し易いため、燃料改質器にあっては、簡易な構造に加え、燃料ガスとして少量の水素ガスを安定して供給可能とすることが重要である。
特開２００３−６３８０３号公報 In addition, the amount of fuel gas to be introduced varies depending on the output scale of the fuel cell. In particular, in the case of a small (low output) fuel cell, the amount and temperature of the introduced fuel gas is larger than that of a high output fuel cell. Since the performance is easily affected, it is important for the fuel reformer to be able to stably supply a small amount of hydrogen gas as a fuel gas in addition to a simple structure.
JP 2003-63803 A

本発明は、このような燃料改質器に対する要請に鑑み成されたもので、簡易な構造を備え、且つ、少量の燃料ガスを安定して供給できる安価な燃料改質器、および、これを用いた燃料電池発電装置を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the demand for such a fuel reformer, and has a simple structure and an inexpensive fuel reformer that can stably supply a small amount of fuel gas. It aims at providing the used fuel cell power generator.

すなわち、請求項１に記載の本発明は、内部に改質触媒が充填された筒状の容器と、この容器と所定の間隔を設けてその側部を囲むように配設された電気ヒータと、この容器の入口側の前記改質触媒の温度を測定するための入口温度センサと、前記容器の出口側の前記改質触媒の温度を測定する出口温度センサと、前記電気ヒータを制御するとともに、前記入口温度センサの検知温度より前記改質触媒の劣化状態を監視する制御部とを備え、前記制御部は、前記出口温度センサの検知温度が所定の温度範囲内となるよう、前記電気ヒータの運転を制御するとともに、前記入口温度センサによる検知温度が所定以上に上昇した時に前記改質触媒の交換時期と判断することを特徴としている。 That is, the present invention according to claim 1 includes a tubular container reforming catalyst is filled inside, electric heater disposed so as to surround the sides of its provided the vessel a predetermined distance An inlet temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the reforming catalyst on the inlet side of the container, an outlet temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the reforming catalyst on the outlet side of the container, and controlling the electric heater And a control unit that monitors the deterioration state of the reforming catalyst based on the temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor, and the control unit controls the electric power so that the temperature detected by the outlet temperature sensor is within a predetermined temperature range. controls the operation of the heater, the inlet temperature sensor according to the detected temperature is characterized that you determined that replacement time of the reforming catalyst when raised above a predetermined.

また、請求項２に記載の本発明は、請求項１に記載の燃料改質器において、前記容器内の触媒充填部分が前記電気ヒータの長手方向内側に位置することを特徴としている。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fuel reformer according to the first aspect , wherein the catalyst filling portion in the container is located on the inner side in the longitudinal direction of the electric heater .

また、請求項３に記載の本発明は、請求項１または２に記載の燃料改質器において、前記容器の長さ寸法を前記電気ヒータより長くしたことを特徴としている。 Further, according to a third aspect of the present invention, in the fuel reformer according to the first or second aspect , the length of the container is longer than that of the electric heater .

また、請求項４に記載の燃料電池発電装置は、請求項１から請求項３までの何れかに記載の燃料改質器を備え、この燃料改質器により改質された改質ガスを燃料ガスとして導入することを特徴としている。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell power generator comprising the fuel reformer according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the reformed gas reformed by the fuel reformer is used as fuel. It is characterized by being introduced as a gas.

請求項１に記載の発明では、内部に改質触媒を充填した筒状の容器と、その側部を囲む加熱器と、入口側、出口側の温度センサで構成したので、構造は極めて簡易であり、小型・軽量化、低価格化が図れる。
この容器の入口側の温度を監視することにより、その温度上昇から改質触媒の劣化状態を知り、改質触媒の適切な交換時期を判断することができる。 In the first aspect of the present invention, the structure is very simple because it is composed of a cylindrical container filled with the reforming catalyst, a heater surrounding its side, and temperature sensors on the inlet and outlet sides. Yes, it can be reduced in size, weight and price.
By monitoring the temperature on the inlet side of the container, it is possible to know the deterioration state of the reforming catalyst from the temperature rise, and to determine an appropriate replacement timing of the reforming catalyst.

また、容器の出口側温度が所定の範囲内になるように加熱器による加熱温度を制御することにより、負荷状態（例えば、燃料電池の出力規模や運転状態）に応じた最適温度の改質ガスを安定的に供給することができる。 Further, by the outlet side temperature of the container may control the heating temperature by the heater to be within a predetermined range, the load state (for example, a fuel output size and operating conditions of the battery) modification of the optimum temperature depending on the Gas can be supplied stably.

また、請求項２に記載の発明では、容器内の改質触媒を均一温度が得られる加熱器の長手方向内側部分で加熱するようにしたので、改質触媒を均一に加熱して改質反応を安定化できると共に、上記した加熱温度の制御を正確、且つ、容易にしている。 In the invention according to claim 2 , since the reforming catalyst in the container is heated at the inner part in the longitudinal direction of the heater that can obtain a uniform temperature, the reforming catalyst is uniformly heated to perform the reforming reaction. The above-described heating temperature can be controlled accurately and easily.

また、請求項３に記載の発明では、容器の長さ寸法を加熱器より長くして、容器の端部が加熱器より突出（露出）するようにすると、触媒交換等、燃料改質器の保守作業をし易くできる。 In the invention according to claim 3, when the length of the container is made longer than that of the heater and the end of the container protrudes (exposes) from the heater, Easy maintenance work.

以下、図面に基づいて本発明の燃料改質器の実施形態を説明する。
この燃料改質器２０は、図１の示すように、細長筒状で比較的安価なＳＵＳ製の容器２１と、この容器２１内に充填された多量の改質触媒２２と、容器２１と所定の隙間を設けてその側部を囲むように配設された筒状の電気ヒータ２３（加熱器）と、この電気ヒータ２３の運転を制御する制御部３０を備えている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the fuel reformer of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel reformer 20 is a long and thin SUS container 21, a large amount of reforming catalyst 22 filled in the container 21, the container 21, and a predetermined amount. Are provided with a cylindrical electric heater 23 (heater) disposed so as to surround the side portion thereof, and a control unit 30 for controlling the operation of the electric heater 23.

容器２１は、原燃料ガス（例えば、都市ガス）と水蒸気の混合ガスが導入される上端部の細径の入口部２１ａと改質された改質ガス（燃料ガス）が取り出される下端部の細径の出口部２１ｂを有する縦型の管体である。
本実施形態では、これら入口部２１ａ、２１ｂを着脱可能な蓋構造とすると共に、容器２１の長さ寸法を電気ヒータ２３の長さより長くして、電気ヒータ２３の両端より容器２１の端部（蓋部分）が突出（露出）するようにしている。 The container 21 has a narrow inlet 21a at the upper end where a mixed gas of raw fuel gas (for example, city gas) and water vapor is introduced, and a narrow lower end where the reformed reformed gas (fuel gas) is taken out. This is a vertical tube having a diameter outlet 21b.
In the present embodiment, the inlet portions 21a and 21b have a detachable lid structure, and the length dimension of the container 21 is made longer than the length of the electric heater 23, so that the end portion of the container 21 from the both ends of the electric heater 23 ( The lid part is projected (exposed).

上記改質触媒２２は、Ｎｉ系やＲｕ系を担持した粒径３ｍｍ程度のセラミックボールで成り、上下２枚のＳＵＳ製メッシュ板２４により区画された容器２１の縦方向中程に層状に充填されている。改質触媒の形状としては、ボール状以外にペレット状、破砕片状でも良い。尚、下側のメッシュ板２４はスペーサ２５により支持されており、このスペーサ２５の高さ寸法を変えて触媒充填位置を調整することにより、供給する改質ガス量に対応する好適な触媒量を確保するようになっている。   The reforming catalyst 22 is made of ceramic balls having a particle diameter of about 3 mm carrying Ni-based or Ru-based, and is packed in layers in the middle in the vertical direction of the container 21 defined by two upper and lower SUS mesh plates 24. ing. The shape of the reforming catalyst may be pellets or crushed pieces other than balls. The lower mesh plate 24 is supported by a spacer 25. By adjusting the catalyst filling position by changing the height of the spacer 25, a suitable catalyst amount corresponding to the amount of reformed gas to be supplied can be obtained. It comes to secure.

本実施形態では、内径１５ｍｍ、長さ３５０ｍｍの容器２１と外径１９０ｍｍ、長さ３００ｍｍ電気ヒータ２３を用いて構成した燃料改質器２０に、都市ガスまたはメタン：８０〜１６０ｃｃ／ｍｉｎ、水蒸気：２４０〜４８０ｃｃ／ｍｉｎの混合ガスを導入し、水蒸気改質反応により改質ガスを得る。この水蒸気改質反応は多量の熱を必要とする吸熱反応であり、これに必要な熱量は上記電気ヒータ２３による発熱との熱交換により得られる。
また、この際、上述のように触媒層を比較的均一な温度が得られる電気ヒータ２３の長手方向内側部分に配置することにより、容器内の触媒層を均一温度で加熱できるため改質反応を安定化できると共に、後述する電気ヒータ２３による加熱温度の制御を正確、且つ、容易にしている。 In the present embodiment, the fuel reformer 20 configured by using the container 21 having an inner diameter of 15 mm, a length of 350 mm, an outer diameter of 190 mm, and a length of 300 mm and the electric heater 23 includes city gas or methane: 80 to 160 cc / min, steam: A mixed gas of 240 to 480 cc / min is introduced, and a reformed gas is obtained by a steam reforming reaction. This steam reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction that requires a large amount of heat, and the amount of heat necessary for this is obtained by heat exchange with the heat generated by the electric heater 23.
At this time, as described above, by arranging the catalyst layer in the longitudinally inner portion of the electric heater 23 where a relatively uniform temperature is obtained, the catalyst layer in the container can be heated at a uniform temperature, so that the reforming reaction is performed. In addition to stabilization, heating temperature control by an electric heater 23 described later is made accurate and easy.

また、この容器２１の内部であって、入口側と出口側に、層状に充填された改質触媒２２（触媒層）の温度を測定するための入口温度センサ２６と出口温度センサ２７（何れも耐高温性を有する熱電対を使用）が配設されている。入口温度センサ２６は触媒層の上端部（最上流部）の温度を測定するためのものであり、出口温度センサ２７は触媒層の下端部（最下流部）の温度を測定するためのものである。制御部３０には、これら温度センサ２６、２７の出力、および電気ヒータ２３の通電用端子（図示せず）が接続されている。   In addition, an inlet temperature sensor 26 and an outlet temperature sensor 27 (both for measuring the temperature of the reforming catalyst 22 (catalyst layer) packed in layers on the inlet side and the outlet side of the container 21 are provided. A thermocouple having high temperature resistance is used). The inlet temperature sensor 26 is for measuring the temperature of the upper end portion (most upstream portion) of the catalyst layer, and the outlet temperature sensor 27 is for measuring the temperature of the lower end portion (most downstream portion) of the catalyst layer. is there. The controller 30 is connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors 26 and 27 and the energization terminal (not shown) of the electric heater 23.

図２は容器２１内における触媒層の温度分布を示し、縦軸は温度を示し、横軸は触媒層の位置を示している。   FIG. 2 shows the temperature distribution of the catalyst layer in the container 21, the vertical axis shows the temperature, and the horizontal axis shows the position of the catalyst layer.

本図において、実線（イ）は、正常な改質反応が行われている場合の標準的な温度分布を示している。触媒層の入口付近では改質反応（吸熱反応）が活発に行われるため温度が低下しており、出口側に向かって徐々に温度が上昇すると共に、出口において電気ヒータ２３の発熱に基づいた所定の温度に達している。
制御部３０は、入力された出口温度センサ２７の検知温度を常時監視し、この出口側の温度が所定の範囲内（例えば、６５０〜７００℃）になるように電気ヒータ２３のパワーを制御し、触媒層の加熱温度を調整している。これにより、負荷条件（例えば、燃料電池の出力規模や運転状態）に応じた最適温度の改質ガスを安定的に供給することができる。 In this figure, a solid line (A) shows a standard temperature distribution when a normal reforming reaction is performed. Since the reforming reaction (endothermic reaction) is actively performed near the inlet of the catalyst layer, the temperature is lowered, the temperature gradually increases toward the outlet side, and at the outlet, a predetermined value based on the heat generated by the electric heater 23. The temperature is reached.
The control unit 30 constantly monitors the detected temperature of the outlet temperature sensor 27 and controls the power of the electric heater 23 so that the temperature on the outlet side is within a predetermined range (for example, 650 to 700 ° C.). The heating temperature of the catalyst layer is adjusted. Thereby, the reformed gas having the optimum temperature according to the load condition (for example, the output scale or operating state of the fuel cell) can be stably supplied.

他方、破線（ロ）は、改質触媒２２が劣化した状態の温度分布を示している。改質触媒２２が劣化するに連れて改質反応（吸熱反応）が不活発になるために触媒層全体で起こるようになり、よって、電気ヒータ２３による周囲からの加熱で触媒層入口の温度は徐々に上昇していく。
本発明では、この現象に着目し、入口温度センサ２６の検知温度を常時監視すると共に、この入口側温度が所定以上に上昇した時に改質触媒の劣化が進んだものと判断し、改質触媒２２の交換時期としている。
本実施形態では、容器２１の長さ寸法を電気ヒータ２３より長くして、容器２１の端部（蓋部分）を電気ヒータ２３より突出させているので、上記のように入口温度センサ２６の検知温度より改質触媒２２の劣化進行を判断した場合の触媒交換（改質触媒２２の交換は、容器２１の上部入口部２１ａや下部出口部２１ｂの蓋を外して行う）等、燃料改質器２０の保守作業を容易にしている。 On the other hand, a broken line (b) indicates a temperature distribution in a state where the reforming catalyst 22 has deteriorated. As the reforming catalyst 22 deteriorates, the reforming reaction (endothermic reaction) becomes inactive, so that it occurs in the entire catalyst layer. It gradually rises.
In the present invention, paying attention to this phenomenon, the temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor 26 is constantly monitored, and it is determined that the reforming catalyst has deteriorated when the inlet side temperature rises above a predetermined level. There are 22 replacement periods.
In the present embodiment, the length of the container 21 is made longer than that of the electric heater 23 and the end portion (lid portion) of the container 21 is protruded from the electric heater 23. Therefore, the detection by the inlet temperature sensor 26 as described above. Fuel reformer such as catalyst replacement when the progress of deterioration of the reforming catalyst 22 is judged from the temperature (replacement of the reforming catalyst 22 is performed by removing the lids of the upper inlet portion 21a and the lower outlet portion 21b of the container 21). 20 maintenance work is facilitated.

以上説明したように、本発明は、少量の燃料ガスを導入して発電を行う低出力の小型燃料電池に用いて好適な簡易構造の燃料改質器である。   As described above, the present invention is a fuel reformer having a simple structure suitable for use in a low-power small fuel cell that generates power by introducing a small amount of fuel gas.

図３は、この小型燃料電池として、固体酸化物形の単セルを用いて構成した燃料電池発電装置である。
図３に示すように、本実施形態の燃料電池発電装置１（すなわち、単セル）は、固体電解質層２の両面に燃料極層３および空気極層（酸化剤極層）５を配した発電セル５と、燃料極層３の外側の燃料極集電体６と、空気極層４の外側の空気極集電体（酸化剤極集電体）７と、各集電体６、７の外側のセパレータ８を順番に積層した構造を有する。 FIG. 3 shows a fuel cell power generator configured using a solid oxide single cell as the small fuel cell.
As shown in FIG. 3, the fuel cell power generation device 1 (that is, a single cell) of the present embodiment has a power generation in which a fuel electrode layer 3 and an air electrode layer (oxidant electrode layer) 5 are arranged on both surfaces of a solid electrolyte layer 2. Cell 5, fuel electrode current collector 6 outside fuel electrode layer 3, air electrode current collector (oxidant electrode current collector) 7 outside air electrode layer 4, and current collectors 6, 7. The outer separator 8 is stacked in order.

固体電解質層２はイットリアを添加した安定化ジルコニア（ＹＳＺ）等で構成され、燃料極層３はＮｉ等の金属あるいはＮｉ−ＹＳＺ等のサーメットで構成され、空気極層４はＬａＭｎＯ3、ＬａＣｏＯ3等で構成され、燃料極集電体６はＮｉ等のスポンジ状の多孔質焼結金属板で構成され、空気極集電体７はＡｇ等のスポンジ状の多孔質焼結金属板で構成され、セパレータ８はステンレス等で構成されている。 The solid electrolyte layer 2 is composed of stabilized zirconia (YSZ) or the like to which yttria is added, the fuel electrode layer 3 is composed of a metal such as Ni or a cermet such as Ni—YSZ, and the air electrode layer 4 is composed of LaMnO 3 , LaCoO 3. The fuel electrode current collector 6 is composed of a sponge-like porous sintered metal plate such as Ni, and the air electrode current collector 7 is composed of a sponge-like porous sintered metal plate such as Ag. The separator 8 is made of stainless steel or the like.

セパレータ８は、発電セル５と電気的に接続されており、且つ、発電セル５に
反応用ガスを供給する機能を有し、上記構成の燃料改質器２０より供給される燃料ガス（改質ガス）をセパレータ８の外周面から導入してセパレータ８の燃料極集電体６に対向するほぼ中央部から吐出する燃料ガス通路１１と、外部より供給される酸化剤ガス（空気）をセパレータ８の外周面から導入してセパレータ８の空気極集電体７に対向する面のほぼ中央部から吐出する酸化剤ガス通路１２を備えている。 The separator 8 is electrically connected to the power generation cell 5 and has a function of supplying a reaction gas to the power generation cell 5. The fuel gas (reformation) supplied from the fuel reformer 20 having the above configuration. Gas) is introduced from the outer peripheral surface of the separator 8 and discharged from a substantially central portion facing the anode current collector 6 of the separator 8, and an oxidant gas (air) supplied from the outside is supplied to the separator 8. The oxidant gas passage 12 is introduced from the outer peripheral surface of the separator 8 and discharged from the substantially central portion of the surface of the separator 8 facing the air electrode current collector 7.

発電セル５内において、空気極層４側に供給された酸素は、空気極層４内の気孔を通って固体電解質層２との界面近傍に到達し、この部分で空気極層４から電子を受け取って酸化物イオン（Ｏ2-）にイオン化される。この酸化物イオンは、燃料極層３に向かって固体電解質層２内を拡散移動する。燃料極層３との界面近傍に到達した酸化物イオンは、この部分で、燃料ガスと反応して反応生成物（Ｈ2Ｏ、ＣＯ2等）を生じ、燃料極層３に電子を放出する。
電極反応で生じた電子は、図示しない別ルートの外部負荷にて起電力として取り出すことができる。 In the power generation cell 5, the oxygen supplied to the air electrode layer 4 side passes through the pores in the air electrode layer 4 and reaches the vicinity of the interface with the solid electrolyte layer 2. It is received and ionized to oxide ions (O 2− ). The oxide ions diffuse and move in the solid electrolyte layer 2 toward the fuel electrode layer 3. Oxide ions that have reached the vicinity of the interface with the fuel electrode layer 3 react with the fuel gas at this portion to generate reaction products (H 2 O, CO 2, etc.) and discharge electrons to the fuel electrode layer 3. .
Electrons generated by the electrode reaction can be taken out as an electromotive force by an external load of another route (not shown).

本発明の燃料電池発電装置１では、燃料改質器２０において温度制御による安定した改質反応が行われ、発電セル５に好適温度の改質ガスが安定して供給されることにより、発電セル５内において安定した発電反応が行われ、出力変動の少ない高効率の燃料電池が実現できると共に、簡易構造による小型・軽量の燃料改質器２０を備えたコンパクトな発電装置が実現できる。   In the fuel cell power generator 1 of the present invention, a stable reforming reaction by temperature control is performed in the fuel reformer 20, and a reformed gas having a suitable temperature is stably supplied to the power generation cell 5. 5 can achieve a highly efficient fuel cell with a small power fluctuation and a compact power generator equipped with a small and light fuel reformer 20 with a simple structure.

本発明に係る燃料改質器の構成を示す説明図。An explanatory view showing composition of a fuel reformer concerning the present invention. 燃料改質器内における触媒層の温度分布を示す図。The figure which shows the temperature distribution of the catalyst layer in a fuel reformer. 本発明の燃料改質器を用いた燃料電池発電装置の概略構成図。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell power generator using a fuel reformer of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 燃料電池発電装置（単セル）
２０ 燃料改質器
２１ 容器
２２ 改質触媒
２３ 加熱器（電気ヒータ）
２６ 入口温度センサ
２７ 出口温度センサ
３０ 制御部 1 Fuel cell power generator (single cell)
20 Fuel reformer 21 Container 22 Reforming catalyst 23 Heater (electric heater)
26 Inlet temperature sensor 27 Outlet temperature sensor 30 Control unit

Claims (4)

内部に改質触媒が充填された筒状の容器と、この容器と所定の間隔を設けてその側部を囲むように配設された電気ヒータと、この容器の入口側の前記改質触媒の温度を測定するための入口温度センサと、前記容器の出口側の前記改質触媒の温度を測定する出口温度センサと、前記電気ヒータを制御するとともに、前記入口温度センサの検知温度より前記改質触媒の劣化状態を監視する制御部とを備え、
前記制御部は、前記出口温度センサの検知温度が所定の温度範囲内となるよう、前記電気ヒータの運転を制御するとともに、前記入口温度センサによる検知温度が所定以上に上昇した時に前記改質触媒の交換時期と判断することを特徴とする燃料改質器。 A cylindrical container reforming catalyst is filled therein, and an electric heater disposed so as to surround the sides of its provided the vessel a predetermined distance, the reforming catalyst on the inlet side of the container An inlet temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the reformer, an outlet temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the reforming catalyst on the outlet side of the container, and the electric heater, and the modified temperature based on the detected temperature of the inlet temperature sensor. A control unit that monitors the deterioration state of the catalyst ,
The control unit controls the operation of the electric heater so that the temperature detected by the outlet temperature sensor is within a predetermined temperature range, and the reforming catalyst when the temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor rises above a predetermined level. fuel reformer and said that you judge time to replace with. 前記容器内の触媒充填部分が前記電気ヒータの長手方向内側に位置することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料改質器。 2. The fuel reformer according to claim 1, wherein a catalyst filling portion in the container is located on an inner side in a longitudinal direction of the electric heater . 前記容器の長さ寸法を前記電気ヒータより長くしたことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の燃料改質器。 The fuel reformer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a length of the container is longer than that of the electric heater . 請求項１から請求項３までの何れかに記載の燃料改質器を備え、この燃料改質器により改質された改質ガスを燃料ガスとして導入する燃料電池発電装置。 A fuel cell power generator comprising the fuel reformer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and introducing a reformed gas reformed by the fuel reformer as a fuel gas .
JP2005208334A 2005-07-19 2005-07-19 Fuel reformer and fuel cell power generator Expired - Fee Related JP4997722B2 (en)

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