JP4979585B2 - ナノ構造材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ナノ構造材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4979585B2 JP4979585B2 JP2007537327A JP2007537327A JP4979585B2 JP 4979585 B2 JP4979585 B2 JP 4979585B2 JP 2007537327 A JP2007537327 A JP 2007537327A JP 2007537327 A JP2007537327 A JP 2007537327A JP 4979585 B2 JP4979585 B2 JP 4979585B2
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- lithium
- carbon
- positive electrode
- mol
- precursor
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical group [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071264 lithium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPPPLBXXTCVBNC-ZVGUSBNCSA-M lithium;(2r,3r)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Li+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O ZPPPLBXXTCVBNC-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GKQWYZBANWAFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(O)C([O-])=O GKQWYZBANWAFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;formate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C=O XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- OFJHGWPRBMPXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2-oxopropanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(=O)C([O-])=O OFJHGWPRBMPXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001194 LixV2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910006594 α-V2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910006598 α−V2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 ethylene, propylene Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical group CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010199 LiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQEVDHBJGNOKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadic acid Chemical compound O[V](O)(O)=O WQEVDHBJGNOKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002975 Cd Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017112 Fe—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007894 Li-Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008367 Li-Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008365 Li-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010547 Li4XO4—Li2BXO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010549 Li4XO4—Li3YO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011508 LiF—Li2S—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008475 Li—Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006738 Li—Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006759 Li—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KVBYPTUGEKVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-diol;formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 KVBYPTUGEKVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J23/22—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
・ [V2O5]/[Li]の濃度比が1.15〜1.5であり、かつ炭素/(炭素+V2O5+Li前駆物質)の重量比が10〜15%となる量で、炭素、α−V2O5およびLi前駆物質を接触させることにより前駆物質ゲルを製造する;
・ 熱処理は、2段階で行われる:第一段階は、3〜12時間かけて80℃〜150℃の温度で、第二段階は、10分〜1時間かけて300℃〜350℃の温度で、窒素またはアルゴン雰囲気下で行われる。
・ リチウム前駆物質は、LiOH・H2O、LiCl、LiNO3または、例えばリチウムアセチルアセトネート、酢酸リチウム、ステアリン酸リチウム、蟻酸リチウム、しゅう酸リチウム、クエン酸リチウム、乳酸リチウム、酒石酸リチウムまたはピルビン酸リチウムから選択されるカルボン酸のリチウム塩から選ぶことができる。
・ α−V2O5および炭素の水懸濁液を製造し、過酸化水溶液をその中に添加する。過酸化水溶液の添加前または添加後、すなわちゲルが形成される間に、リチウム前駆物質を、α−V2O5および炭素の水懸濁液に添加することができる。ゲルは、α−V2O5と過酸化物とが接触した3分後に形成し始めるのが認められる。ゲルは15分間の熟成後に、完全に形成される。
・ 反応媒体中のLi前駆物質およびα−V2O5のそれぞれの量は、好ましくは0.08mol.l-1<[Li]<0.7mol.l-1;0.1mol.l-1<[V2O5]<1mol.l-1である。反応物質の過度な高濃度は泡立ちをもたらし、一方、過度な低濃度はゲルではなく、沈澱を生じる。
・ 針状結晶Li1+αV3O8および針状結晶β−LixV2O5の長さ(l)が、40〜100nm、幅(w)が4<l/w<100、厚さ(t)が4<l/t<100であり、
・ 球状の炭素粒子は、直径が約30nm〜40nmであり、連続した立体的なネットワークを形成し、
・ 針を構成する結晶のサイズは、aによれば50と300Åとの間、bによれば100と600Åとの間、およびcによれば75と450Åとの間である。
・ 本発明のプロセスで得られたナノ構造炭素含有化合物
・ 機械的強度を与えるバインダー
・ 任意には、イオン伝導性を与える化合物
過酸化物を用いない製造
前駆物質の水性懸濁液を、窒素雰囲気下、50℃で、6.8200g(1.5M)のα−V2O5および1.2589g(1.2M)のLiOH・H2Oを5.18gの炭素を含む水性懸濁液25ml中に加えることによって作製した。15時間の熟成時間後、ゲル(以下、GCと呼ぶ)が形成された。続いて、GCゲルを、空気中で90℃でオーバーナイトで乾燥し、このようにして得られたキセロゲルをアルゴン雰囲気下で、15分間、350℃で処理した。得られた生成物は、今後、XC−15aと呼ぶ。
過酸化物を用いない製造
実施例1の製造プロセスを用いた。ただし90℃の乾燥後、得られたキセロゲルは、350℃で15分間処理する代わりに1時間処理した。得られた化合物を以下ではXC−60と呼ぶ。
過酸化物を用いた製造
1gのV2O5、0.1689gのLiOH・H2Oおよび0.1372gの炭素を15mlの30%の過酸化水素水に添加した。ゲルは数分間で形成された。
性能の測定
実施例1および実施例2によって各々作製されたXC−15aおよびXC−60の電気化学的性能を、Swagelok研究室で検査した。電池のタイプ:Li/液体電解質(EC+DMC+LiPF6)/(XC)、周囲温度で、2.5時間あたりの処方群あたり1Liに相当する条件で循環させて行った。
・ サンプルXC−15aは、サンプルSG350よりもサイクル容量を良好に保持する(34%に対し87%);
・ サンプルXC−60は、サンプルSG350よりも初期の容量が低い(300mAh/gに対し260mAh/g)が、サイクル容量の保持は良好である(34%に対する83%)。
Claims (21)
- 炭素含有前駆物質ゲルの製造および前記ゲルの熱処理を含む、炭素含有物質の製造方法であって、
・ [V2O5]/[Li]の濃度比が1.15〜1.5、かつ炭素/(炭素+V2O5+リチウム前駆物質)の重量比が10〜15%となる量で、炭素、α−V2O5およびリチウム前駆物質を接触させることにより前記炭素含有前駆物質ゲルを製造すること、および
・ 前記熱処理が、窒素またはアルゴン雰囲気下において、3〜12時間、温度80℃〜150℃の第一段階および10分〜1時間、温度300℃〜350℃の第二段階の2段階で行われること
を特徴とする製造方法。 - ・ 前記リチウム前駆物質がLiOH・H2Oであり、
・ 窒素雰囲気下で、α−V2O5およびLiOH・H2Oを炭素の水性懸濁液に添加すること
を特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。 - 前駆物質の濃度が、α−V2O5については0.75mol/l〜3mol/l、LiOH・H2Oについては0.55mol/l〜2.2mol/lであることを特徴とする請求項2記載の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理が、アルゴン雰囲気下または窒素雰囲気下で行われることを特徴とする請求項2記載の製造方法。
- 過酸化水素を10〜50質量%含む水溶液を反応媒体に添加することを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。
- α−V2O5の濃度が0.05mol/l〜2mol/l、リチウム前駆物質の濃度が0.04mol/l〜1.5mol/lであることを特徴とする請求項5記載の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆物質が、LiOH・H2O、LiCl、LiNO3またはカルボン酸のリチウム塩から選択されることを特徴とする請求項5記載の製造方法。
- 前記カルボン酸のリチウム塩が、リチウムアセチルアセトナート、酢酸リチウム、ステアリン酸リチウム、蟻酸リチウム、しゅう酸リチウム、クエン酸リチウム、乳酸リチウム、酒石酸リチウムまたはピルビン酸リチウムから選択されることを特徴とする請求項7記載の製造方法。
- α−V2O5および炭素の水懸濁液を製造するステップ、過酸化水溶液をその中に添加するステップを含み、
前記過酸化水溶液の添加前または添加後に、α−V2O5および炭素の水懸濁液にリチウム前駆物質を添加してもよいこと
を特徴とする請求項5記載の製造方法。 - 前記反応媒体中のリチウム前駆物質およびα−V2O5のそれぞれの量が、0.08mol/l<[Li]<0.7mol/lおよび0.1mol/l<[V2O5]<1mol/lであること
を特徴とする請求項5記載の製造方法。 - 球状の炭素粒子の非連続層によって囲まれた、小さい針状結晶Li1+αV3O8(0.1<α<0.25)および小さい針状結晶β−LixV2O5(0.03<x<0.667)の凝集体で構成されたナノ構造炭素含有物質であって、
・ 前記針状結晶Li1+αV3O8および前記針状結晶β−LixV2O5の長さ(l)が、40〜100nm、幅(w)が4<l/w<100、厚さ(t)が4<l/t<100であり、
・ 前記球状の炭素粒子は、直径が30nm〜40nmであり、連続した三次元ネットワークを形成し、
・ 前記針状結晶を構成する結晶のサイズは、ベクトルaの方向に50と300Åとの間、ベクトルbの方向に100と600Åとの間、およびベクトルcの方向に75と450Åとの間である
ナノ構造炭素含有物質。 - 液体電解質との組み合わせでは−20℃〜60℃で作動し、または固体ポリマー電解質との組み合わせでは60℃〜120℃で作動するリチウム電池用の複合正電極であって、
請求項11記載のナノ構造炭素含有物質を含む複合材料で構成される複合正電極。 - さらに、前記複合材料が、
・ 機械的強度を与えるバインダー
・ 任意のイオン伝導性付与化合物
を含むことを特徴とする請求項12記載の複合正電極。 - ・ 前記ナノ構造炭素含有物質の含有量が90〜100重量%、
・ 前記バインダーの含有量が10重量%未満、
・ 前記イオン伝導性付与化合物の含有量が5重量%未満
であることを特徴とする請求項13記載の複合正電極。 - 前記イオン伝導性付与化合物を含まないことを特徴とする請求項14記載の複合正電極。
- 前記バインダーが非溶媒和ポリマーで構成されることを特徴とする請求項13記載の複合正電極。
- 前記バインダーが非溶媒和ポリマーで構成されることを特徴とする請求項13記載の複合正電極。
- 前記バインダーが溶媒和ポリマーおよび非溶媒和ポリマーの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項13記載の複合正電極。
- 前記バインダーが、さらに非プロトン性極性化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項16〜18のいずれかの項に記載の複合正電極。
- 前記イオン伝導性付与化合物が、LiClO4、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiRFSO3、LiCH3SO3、リチウム・ビスペルフルオロアルキルスルホンイミド類並びにリチウム・ビス−およびトリスペルフルオロスルホニルメチド類から選択されるリチウム塩であることを特徴とする請求項13記載の複合正電極。
- リチウム塩の溶剤溶液を含む電解質によって分離された正電極および負電極を含む電池であって、前記正電極が、請求項12〜20のいずれかの項に記載の複合正電極である電池。
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| FR0411243A FR2877146B1 (fr) | 2004-10-22 | 2004-10-22 | Materiau nanostructure, procede pour sa preparation. |
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| PCT/FR2005/002581 WO2006045923A2 (fr) | 2004-10-22 | 2005-10-18 | Materiau nanostructure, procede pour sa preparation |
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| FR2876997B1 (fr) * | 2004-10-22 | 2007-01-19 | Batscap Sa | Oxyde de lithium et de vanadium, procede pour sa preparation |
| EP2146931B1 (de) * | 2007-04-16 | 2014-09-24 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von lithiumreichen metalloxiden |
| JP4561839B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-23 | 2010-10-13 | ソニー株式会社 | 非水電解質電池および非水電解質電池用電極ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
| US8784764B2 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2014-07-22 | Corning Incorporated | Methods for forming activated carbon material for high energy density ultracapacitors |
| JP5660210B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-02 | 2015-01-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、固体電池、固体電解質材料の製造方法 |
| US9088037B2 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2015-07-21 | Bathium Canada Inc. | Electrode material for lithium electrochemical cells |
| US9689064B2 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2017-06-27 | The University Of New Hampshire | Treatment of anodized aluminum components |
| WO2014071393A1 (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-08 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Polycrystalline vanadium oxide nanosheets |
| CN103165875B (zh) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-05-27 | 武汉理工大学 | 锂离子预嵌入型五氧化二钒纳米带及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN103811740B (zh) * | 2014-02-18 | 2015-09-23 | 中南大学 | 一种核壳结构LixV2O5/LiV3O8嵌锂材料及其制备方法 |
| CN112520787A (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-19 | 广东石油化工学院 | 一种β相偏钒酸钠的溶液制备方法及其在锂离子电池的应用 |
| KR102837986B1 (ko) * | 2023-03-20 | 2025-07-24 | 광주과학기술원 | 리튬이차전지용 양극재 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| JPH0679487B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-25 | 1994-10-05 | 株式会社ユアサコーポレーション | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JPH03225774A (ja) * | 1990-01-30 | 1991-10-04 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| US5334334A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-08-02 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Method of preparing lithium battery electrode compositions |
| US5326545A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-07-05 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Method of making lithium battery electrode compositions |
| US5512214A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1996-04-30 | Koksbang; Rene | Lithium battery electrode compositions |
| JP4686871B2 (ja) | 2001-02-28 | 2011-05-25 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | リチウム二次電池 |
| FR2831715B1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 | 2004-03-19 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Oxyde de lithium et de vanadium, son utilisation comme matiere active d'electrode |
| FR2876998B1 (fr) | 2004-10-22 | 2007-01-19 | Batscap Sa | Procede de preparation de gamma-liv205 |
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| US20090263724A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
| CA2584231A1 (fr) | 2006-05-04 |
| WO2006045923A2 (fr) | 2006-05-04 |
| FR2877146B1 (fr) | 2007-01-19 |
| WO2006045923A3 (fr) | 2006-11-30 |
| EP1831945A2 (fr) | 2007-09-12 |
| DE602005006437D1 (de) | 2008-06-12 |
| ES2304732T3 (es) | 2008-10-16 |
| CN100550481C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
| CA2584231C (fr) | 2013-08-27 |
| FR2877146A1 (fr) | 2006-04-28 |
| ATE393966T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| EP1831945B1 (fr) | 2008-04-30 |
| DE602005006437T2 (de) | 2009-06-18 |
| CN101065866A (zh) | 2007-10-31 |
| KR101276570B1 (ko) | 2013-06-18 |
| JP2008516886A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
| KR20070108357A (ko) | 2007-11-09 |
| US7744835B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 |
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