JP4972001B2 - エレクトロクロミックミラー - Google Patents
エレクトロクロミックミラー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4972001B2 JP4972001B2 JP2008012517A JP2008012517A JP4972001B2 JP 4972001 B2 JP4972001 B2 JP 4972001B2 JP 2008012517 A JP2008012517 A JP 2008012517A JP 2008012517 A JP2008012517 A JP 2008012517A JP 4972001 B2 JP4972001 B2 JP 4972001B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- reflective film
- conductive reflective
- electrochromic
- conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002265 redox agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 25
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 ferrocene ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYOMQIYKOOHAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum hydron tetrafluoride Chemical compound [H+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3] UYOMQIYKOOHAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
- G02F1/1524—Transition metal compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
- G02F2001/1536—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for additional, e.g. protective, layer inside the cell
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Description
α=(σ・R/h)1/2 ・・・(1)
また、上記のように導電性反射膜にはその表側と裏側とを繋ぐように多数の反射膜側小孔が貫通しており、絶縁膜にはその表側と裏側とを繋ぐように多数の絶縁膜側小孔が貫通している。しかも、導電性反射膜の反射膜側小孔と絶縁膜の絶縁膜側小孔とが連通している。このため、陽極と導電性反射膜との間で電圧が印加された場合には、電解物質を構成する所定のイオンが絶縁膜側小孔及び反射膜側小孔を通過して容易にエレクトロクロミック膜側へ通過する。容易にエレクトロクロミック膜に到達する。これにより、エレクトロクロミック膜にて円滑な還元反応を生じさせることができ、エレクトロクロミック膜を円滑に着色できる。
ここで、絶縁膜には絶縁膜側小孔が形成されているので、陽極にて酸化された酸化還元剤が絶縁膜側小孔を介して導電性反射膜に到達する可能性もある。しかしながら、絶縁膜側小孔が形成されていない部分では導電性反射膜と電解物質との間に絶縁膜が介在するので、極めて効果的に酸化された酸化還元剤の還元反応を抑制できる。
図1には本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るエレクトロクロミックミラー10の構成が概略的な断面図により示されている。
次に本実施の形態の作用並びに効果について説明する。
Li++e−+WO3→LixWO3 ・・・(式2)
このようにしてエレクトロクロミック膜16が青色に着色されることでエレクトロクロミック膜16が着色される前に比べて反射率が低下する。
Fe(C5H5)2−e−→〔Fe(C5H5)2〕+ ・・・(式3)
この正のフェロセンイオンが陰極で還元されて元のフェロセンに戻り、この酸化と還元が繰り返されると陽極と陰極との間で定常的に電流が流れる。
次に本発明の第2の実施の形態について説明する。なお、本実施の形態を説明するにあたり、前記第1の実施の形態と基本的に同一の部位に関しては同一の符号を付与してその詳細な説明を省略する。
以上の構成の本実施の形態では、リチウムイオン導伝膜92には絶縁膜側小孔24が形成されていないものの、導電性膜36と導電性反射膜18との間に電圧が印加されると、リチウムイオンがリチウムイオン導伝膜92を透過する。しかも、リチウムイオン導伝膜92は電気的な絶縁性を有しているので、陽極である導電性膜36の近傍にて電解液40中に含まれるフェロセンが酸化されても、電解液40と導電性反射膜18との間は電気的に絶縁されているので導電性反射膜18にて正のフェロセンイオンの還元反応が生じることはない。
16 エレクトロクロミック膜
18 導電性反射膜(陰極)
20 反射膜側小孔
22 絶縁膜(還元反応抑制手段)
24 絶縁膜側小孔
36 導電性膜(陽極)
40 電解液
90 本エレクトロクロミックミラー
92 リチウムイオン導伝膜(還元反応抑制手段)
Claims (1)
- 表側からの光を反射すると共に所定のイオンの透過が可能に表側と裏側とを繋げるように貫通した多数の反射膜側小孔が形成された電極の陰極を構成する導電性反射膜と、
前記導電性反射膜と共に前記電極を構成し、前記導電性反射膜との間で電圧が印加される陽極と、
前記所定のイオン及び酸化還元剤を含めて構成されて前記導電性反射膜と前記陽極との間で封入されると共に、前記陽極と前記導電性反射膜との間で電圧が印加されることにより前記所定のイオンが前記導電性反射膜を通過する電解物質と、
前記導電性反射膜の表側に設けられて、前記導電性反射膜を通過した前記所定のイオンとで還元反応が生じて着色されるエレクトロクロミック膜と、
電気的な絶縁性を有し、前記導電性反射膜の裏側で前記導電性反射膜と前記電解物質との間に介在すると共に、前記所定のイオンの透過が可能に表側と裏側とを繋ぐように貫通して更に前記導電性反射膜の側で前記反射膜側小孔に連通した多数の絶縁膜側小孔が形成された絶縁膜を含めて構成されて、前記電圧の印加状態で前記所定のイオンが前記エレクトロクロミック膜に到達することを許容すると共に、前記電圧の印加によって前記陽極にて酸化された前記酸化還元剤の前記陰極における還元反応を抑制する還元反応抑制手段と、
を備えるエレクトロクロミックミラー。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008012517A JP4972001B2 (ja) | 2008-01-23 | 2008-01-23 | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
| CN2009100015839A CN101493625B (zh) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-01-15 | 电致变色镜 |
| US12/355,701 US7903314B2 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-01-16 | Electrochromic mirror |
| DE602009000131T DE602009000131D1 (de) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-01-20 | Elektrochromer Spiegel |
| EP09150928A EP2083318B1 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-01-20 | Electrochromic mirror |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008012517A JP4972001B2 (ja) | 2008-01-23 | 2008-01-23 | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009175327A JP2009175327A (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
| JP4972001B2 true JP4972001B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
Family
ID=40527500
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008012517A Expired - Fee Related JP4972001B2 (ja) | 2008-01-23 | 2008-01-23 | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7903314B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2083318B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4972001B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101493625B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE602009000131D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5589801B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-12 | 2014-09-17 | 株式会社リコー | エレクトロクロミック表示装置及びその製造方法 |
| US8941908B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2015-01-27 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Porous electrode sheet, method for producing the same, and display device |
| US9684218B2 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2017-06-20 | University Of South Florida | Low-cost chromatic devices |
| JP7048215B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 | 2022-04-05 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 光学素子 |
| JP7379306B2 (ja) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-11-14 | 東芝マテリアル株式会社 | エレクトロクロミック素子 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3451741A (en) * | 1966-06-15 | 1969-06-24 | Du Pont | Electrochromic device |
| US3844636A (en) | 1972-12-13 | 1974-10-29 | American Cyanamid Co | Electrochromic mirror |
| US4550982A (en) * | 1981-11-09 | 1985-11-05 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | All-solid-state display including an organic electrochromic layer with ion donor/acceptor |
| JPS6153736U (ja) * | 1984-09-14 | 1986-04-11 | ||
| JPS6156640U (ja) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-04-16 | ||
| JPS61210388A (ja) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-18 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | エレクトロクロミツク表示素子 |
| DE3736076A1 (de) * | 1987-10-24 | 1989-05-03 | Schott Glaswerke | Verfahren zur beschickung eines elektrochromen systems mit wasserstoff |
| US5019420A (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1991-05-28 | Eic Laboratories, Inc. | Process for forming a reduced electrochromic layer in contact with an ion conducting oxide |
| WO1994016356A1 (en) | 1993-01-05 | 1994-07-21 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Improved electrode for display devices |
| US5668663A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1997-09-16 | Donnelly Corporation | Electrochromic mirrors and devices |
| JP4098735B2 (ja) | 2003-06-18 | 2008-06-11 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
| JP4098736B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-18 | 2008-06-11 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
| JP4544903B2 (ja) | 2004-04-26 | 2010-09-15 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
| JP2005321521A (ja) | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-17 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | エレクトロクロミックセル及びその製造方法 |
| US7372610B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2008-05-13 | Sage Electrochromics, Inc. | Electrochromic devices and methods |
| WO2007008978A2 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-18 | University Of Connecticut | Electrochromic devices utilizing very low band gap conjugated polymers: preparation and use |
| US7403319B2 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2008-07-22 | Ntera Limited | Electrochromic device employing gel or solid polymers having specific channel direction for the conduction of ions |
| JP2009008751A (ja) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-15 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
| US7692843B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-04-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai-Rika-Denki-Seisakusho | Electrochromic mirror |
| US7800807B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-09-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai-Rika-Denki-Seisakusho | Electrochromic mirror |
-
2008
- 2008-01-23 JP JP2008012517A patent/JP4972001B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-01-15 CN CN2009100015839A patent/CN101493625B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-16 US US12/355,701 patent/US7903314B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-20 DE DE602009000131T patent/DE602009000131D1/de active Active
- 2009-01-20 EP EP09150928A patent/EP2083318B1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009175327A (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
| EP2083318B1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| CN101493625A (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
| CN101493625B (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
| US20090185256A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
| DE602009000131D1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
| EP2083318A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
| US7903314B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7643201B2 (en) | Electrochromic mirror | |
| JP5123749B2 (ja) | 反射率を可逆的に変化させる方法およびその素子および該素子の製造方法、並びに透過率可変素子および反射率可変ミラー | |
| JP4972001B2 (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP4098736B2 (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| US7692843B2 (en) | Electrochromic mirror | |
| CN101334567B (zh) | 电致变色镜 | |
| EP1591827B1 (en) | Electrochromic mirror | |
| JP4949136B2 (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP5014893B2 (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| US7800807B2 (en) | Electrochromic mirror | |
| JP2009008750A (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP4098735B2 (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP2005309137A (ja) | 反射率可変ミラー | |
| JP2005321521A (ja) | エレクトロクロミックセル及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2009008749A (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP2012150184A (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP2011095483A (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP2011095487A (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー | |
| JP2011141426A (ja) | エレクトロクロミックミラー |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20100729 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20111108 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20111226 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120207 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120214 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120403 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120406 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20150413 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4972001 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |