JP4965468B2 - 重金属捕捉剤 - Google Patents
重金属捕捉剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4965468B2 JP4965468B2 JP2008007281A JP2008007281A JP4965468B2 JP 4965468 B2 JP4965468 B2 JP 4965468B2 JP 2008007281 A JP2008007281 A JP 2008007281A JP 2008007281 A JP2008007281 A JP 2008007281A JP 4965468 B2 JP4965468 B2 JP 4965468B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heavy metal
- polyurethane
- carrageenan
- metal scavenger
- polyol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- -1 isocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 45
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 40
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 40
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 12
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N (+)-Galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L [(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[[(1r,3s,4r,5r,8s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-4-[[(1r,3r,4r,5r,8s)-8-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfonatooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-( Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H]4OC[C@H]3O[C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]1O)OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H]2O ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AZLKCVHYSA-N (2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AZLKCVHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Description
平均分子量1,000のポリエチレングリコール100部を反応槽に仕込み、50℃に加温して液状にし、次いで65℃まで昇温して、トリメチロールプロパン4.7部及び水酸化カリウム1.0部を加えて攪拌し、トリメチロールプロパンを融解させ、脱水反応によって末端反応性の中間体を得た。40℃まで冷却して水酸化カリウムを中和することにより、分子中に三官能性単位と三個の水酸基を有し、分岐点のトリメチロールプロパン単位以外はオキシエチレン単位からなるポリエーテルポリオールを得た。これに、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネートと2,6−トリレンジイソシアネートの80:20の混合物54部を加えて、110℃で2時間反応させることにより、分子末端がイソシアナト基で閉塞されたプレポリマーP−1を、淡黄色液状物として得た。NCO基含量は8.5%、25℃における粘度は27.5Pa・sであった。その平均分子量は、1,800であった。
カラジーナン(κ―カラジーナン、和光純薬工業、重量平均分子量:100,000〜300,000)1部と両末端に水酸基を有するポリオキシエチレン・ポリオキシプロピレン・ポリオキシエチレンブロック共重合体(ポリオキシプロピレン部分の平均分子量1,750、オキシエチレン単位含量20)1部を水100部に加えて攪拌し、界面活性剤が分散したカラジーナン水溶液を調製した。これを激しく攪拌しながら、先に合成したプレポリマーP−1の100部と20℃で混合し、乳化状態で反応させて、カラジーナンが架橋体構造に組み込まれたウレタンフォームを得た。フォームは水を含んでいるので、室温で1日自然放置して、水分を揮散させた。得られたウレタンフォームは、セル数50個/25mm、密度85kg/m3の連続気泡であった。このフォームを水に浸漬したところ、自重に対して18倍の吸水があり、親水性であった。
水4.3部に、N,N−ジメチル−シクロヘキシルアミン0.75部、N,N−ジメチル−シクロヘキシル−メチルアミン0.25部、ポリシロキサン・ポリオキシプロピレングラフト共重合体である整泡剤1.0部及びオクタン酸スズ0.2部を配合して撹拌し、発泡剤混液を調製した。次に、グリセリン−ポリオキシプロピレントリオール(平均分子量3,000)100部に、上記発泡剤混液とカラジーナン1.6部(ウレタンフォーム時1wt%となるよう配合)を添加し、次いで、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネートと2,6−トリレンジイソシアネートの80:20の混合物54部を加えて、プロペラ撹拌機を用いて20℃で混合液を撹拌して開口容器に移し、硬化と発泡の反応により、ワンショット法によって標記発泡ポリウレタン(ウレタンフォーム)を得た。得られたウレタンフォームは、セル数40個/25mm、密度30kg/m3の連続気泡であった。なお、セル数はJIS K 6400−1付属書1に準じ、密度はJIS K 7222に準じ測定された。
カラジーナン濃度を各種変更した上で、製造例3記載の方法に準じて疎水性ポリウレタンk0〜3{カラジーナン濃度:k0=0wt%、k1=0.5wt%、k2=1.0wt%(製造例3のポリウレタン)、k3=3.0wt%}を調製した。前記k0、k1、k2、k3の疎水性ポリウレタンを用いて、24時間経過後の各イオンの吸着量を調べた。詳細には、モデルサンプルとして単独の金属イオンが存在する100mlの金属イオン溶液(カドミウム、カルシウム、鉛及びマグネシウムの各イオン濃度:100μM)をそれぞれ調製し、当該モデルサンプル100mlに、疎水性発泡ポリウレタン0.5gを入れ、振とう機で撹拌することによって吸着実験を行った。残存溶液濃度は、誘導結合プラズマ原子発光分析法(ICP−AES)を用いて測定した。結果を表1及び図1に示した。尚、表中の数値は、残留濃度(μM)である。その結果、概ね、カラジーナン濃度が増加するに伴い吸着性能が向上することが判明した。
Claims (5)
- カラジーナンと、イソシアナト基を少なくとも二つ有するイソシアネート化合物と、を必須成分として含む原料組成物を反応させて得られるポリウレタンからなる重金属捕捉剤。
- 前記ポリウレタンが発泡ポリウレタンである、請求項1記載の重金属捕捉剤。
- 前記ポリウレタンが疎水性ポリウレタンである、請求項1又は2記載の重金属捕捉剤。
- カラジーナンと、少なくとも二個のイソシアナト基を含有するイソシアネート化合物と、を必須成分として含む原料組成物を反応させてポリウレタンを調製する工程を含む、ポリウレタンから構成される重金属捕捉剤の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の重金属捕捉剤を含む製品。
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