JP4961197B2 - DC motor armature and DC motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an armature for a DC motor and a DC motor mounted on a vehicle or the like.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it is known that, for example, a three-brush motor capable of switching the rotation speed is used as a wiper motor for an automobile. This type of motor has a configuration in which an armature around which an armature coil is wound is rotatably arranged inside a cylindrical yoke having two magnetic poles on the inner peripheral surface. The armature core has an armature that is externally fixed to the rotating shaft, and the armature core has twelve long slots in the axial direction. In this slot, a plurality of coils are formed by winding the windings at a predetermined interval by a double winding method. Each coil is electrically connected to each segment attached to the rotating shaft.

Each segment can be in sliding contact with the brush. The brushes are composed of three brushes: a low-speed brush, a high-speed brush, and a common brush used in common with these brushes. Usually, the low-speed brush and the common brush are arranged to face each other, and the high-speed brush is arranged away from the low-speed brush in the circumferential direction by an angle θ (for example, 45 °). The DC motor is supplied with power by a common brush and a low-speed brush during normal operation and by a common brush and a high-speed brush during high-speed operation. With this configuration, the three-brush motor can make a difference in the number of effective conductors during normal operation and high-speed operation. That is, the motor is advanced during high-speed operation than during normal operation, and can be operated at a higher rotation than during normal operation (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-189549 A

However, even if the three brushes as in the prior art described above are applied to a general three-phase concentrated winding brushed motor, the number of effective conductors cannot be differentiated. An example of this will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 26 is a development view of the armature 60 in the conventional three-phase concentrated winding brushed motor, and FIG. 27 is a connection diagram of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 26, for example, when the numbers S1 to S6 are assigned to the six segments 61 and the numbers 1 to 6 are assigned to the six teeth 62, the winding 63 is wound from the S1 segment 61a. Is wound around the first tooth 62 through the slot 64a between the 1-6th teeth 62 and the slot 64b between the 1-2th teeth 62 (n is a natural number of 1 or more) times in the forward direction. A coil C1 is formed and connected to the S2 segment 61b.

  Subsequently, the winding 63 is unwound from the S2 segment 61b and passes through the slot 64b between the first and second teeth 62 and the slot 64c between the second and third teeth 62 in order n times to the second tooth 62. Wrapped in the direction to form the coil C2, and connected to the S3 segment 61c. By sequentially performing this operation between the segments 61, a plurality of coils C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 are formed around the armature core. The segments having the same potential are short-circuited by the connection line 66.

  In such an armature 60, the connection diagram is a triangle as shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, when a low speed (Lo) brush 67, a high speed (Hi) brush 68, and a common (-) brush 69 are arranged on the segment 61 at a predetermined distance or more, the speed is low. There is no difference in the number of effective conductors between when power is supplied by the brush 67 and the common brush 69 and when power is supplied by the high-speed brush 68 and the common brush 69. This means that even if the number of magnetic poles is increased, if the winding method of the winding 63 is the same, the number of parallel circuits only increases, and the connection diagram remains a triangle. As shown in FIG. 26, since the common brush 69 is connected across the S2 segment 61b and the S3 segment 61c, the coil C2 and the coil C5 are short-circuited.

A general three-phase concentrated winding structure in which the number of segments is twice the number of slots will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 28 is an exploded view of the armature 50 in which six slots 54 and twelve segments 51 are provided. The segments having the same potential are short-circuited by the connection line 66.
As shown in the figure, when the winding 56 is wound around each tooth 52 in the forward direction n (n is a natural number of 1 or more), the winding 56 is unwound from, for example, the S1 segment 51a. In this case, first, the S1 segment 51a is drawn into the slot 54a between the 1st to 6th teeth 52 and wound around the 1st tooth 52 n / 2 times in the forward direction to form the secondary coil C1 ′. Subsequently, the winding 56 is pulled out from the slot 54b between the first and second teeth 52 and connected to the second segment 51b at one end.

  Then, it is again drawn into the slot 54a and wound around the first tooth 52 n / 2 times in the forward direction to form the subcoil C1 '. Thereafter, the winding 56 is pulled out from the slot 54b and connected to the S3 segment 51c. As a result, a coil C1 having two auxiliary coils C1 'is formed on the first tooth 52. By sequentially performing this operation between the segments 51, a plurality of coils C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 are formed around the armature core.

  In such an armature 50, the number of segments is twice as many as the number of slots, but there are places where the windings 56 of coils having the same phase are connected to one segment 51 ( For example, S2, S4, S6, S8, S10, S12). For this reason, if a brush contacts the segment 51 (S2, S4, S6, S8, S10, S12) to which the windings 56 of the same phase are connected, the subcoil C1 ′ is in a direction opposite to each other. Current flows, and the magnetic field is canceled between the subcoils C1 ′. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 28, the circumferential width of each brush 67, 68, 69 is set to be larger than the circumferential width of the segment 51, and the brush 67, 68, 69 is in contact with one segment 51 alone. It is preferable not to do so.

Thus, when the circumferential width of each brush 67, 68, 69 is set larger than the circumferential width of the segment 51, the low speed brush 67 and the high speed brush 68 come into contact with the segments 51 having the same potential. Resulting in. For this reason, even if the number of segments is twice the number of slots, as a result, the connection diagram remains triangular, and the number of effective conductors cannot be differentiated between normal operation and high-speed operation. . In addition, since a coil that is always short-circuited is generated by each brush 67, 68, 69, the number of effective conductors during normal operation is reduced.
Therefore, a three-phase concentrated winding motor with a brush is difficult to use as a three-brush motor, and there is a problem that there is a limit to downsizing of a conventional three-brush motor.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and provides a DC motor armature and a DC motor that can reduce the size of a three-brush motor that performs rotation speed switching.

In order to solve the above-described problems, an invention described in claim 1 is directed to a rotating shaft that is pivotally supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a radial shaft that is attached to the rotating shaft and extends radially. A plurality of teeth for winding, an armature core having a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction, and a plurality of segments provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core in the circumferential direction And a brush for supplying power to the coil through the segment, the number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 4: 6: 12. Phase, V phase, and W phase are assigned in this order, and the coil is wound in such a manner that the forward and reverse directions are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The brush is composed of three brushes, a low speed brush, a high speed brush, and a common brush used in common, and the commutator has a short-circuit member that short-circuits the segments having the same potential. The phases in which the coil is wound in the forward direction are U phase, V phase, and W phase, and the phases in which the coil is wound in the reverse direction are -U phase, -V phase,- When the phase is W, the coils of U phase, -W phase, V phase, -U phase, W phase, -V phase are electrically connected in this order between adjacent segments. To do.
In this case, as in the invention described in claim 2, two arbitrary coils having different phases are electrically connected to any three segments continuously arranged in the circumferential direction, These three segments may exist every other segment.
With this configuration, the number of segments can be doubled with respect to the number of slots, and coils having different phases can be connected to one segment. For this reason, a connection diagram can be made into a polygon.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotary shaft that is pivotally supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotary shaft and extend radially in the radial direction, and for winding a coil. An armature core having a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending in the axial direction; a commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotating shaft; and a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction; And a number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 2: 3: 6, and each tooth has a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase. A DC motor armature, which is assigned in order and includes a first coil wound in the forward direction and a second coil wound in the reverse direction, The brush is composed of three brushes, a low speed brush, a high speed brush, and a common brush used in common, and each phase around which the first coil is wound is a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase. And when each phase around which the second coil is wound is -U phase, -V phase, -W phase, between adjacent segments, U phase, -W phase, V phase, -U phase , W-phase, and -V-phase coils are electrically connected in this order.

The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that the commutator is provided with a short-circuit member that short-circuits the segments having the same potential.
By configuring in this way, the segments having the same potential are short-circuited, so there is no need to connect the coil winding start end and winding end end between adjacent segments, and the winding start end, winding end end Can be electrically connected to segments in the vicinity of each.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotary shaft supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a plurality of teeth attached to the rotary shaft and extending radially in a radial direction, and a shaft formed between the teeth. An armature core having a plurality of slots extending in a direction; a commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotation shaft; and a plurality of segments arranged in a circumferential direction; and supplying power to the winding via the segment A DC motor armature in which the number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 4: 5: 10, and the brush includes a low-speed brush, a high-speed brush, It is composed of three common brushes commonly used for these, and the commutator is a short circuit that short-circuits the segments having the same potential. Member is provided with the winding between adjacent segments are electrically connected, said windings, characterized in that to form a wound on a coil on the teeth.
In this case, as in the invention described in claim 6, the windings may be continuously wound around the teeth corresponding to the same phase.
Further, as in the invention described in claim 7, the windings may be electrically connected between the adjacent segments, and the separate windings may be wound for each of the teeth.
Thus, the number of segments per pole pair can be made odd by making the armature have a five-phase winding structure.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotating shaft that is pivotally supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction, and for winding a coil. An armature core having a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending in the axial direction; a commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotating shaft; and a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction; In the armature of the direct current motor in which the number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 2: 3: 6, the commutator has the same potential. A short-circuit member for short-circuiting the segments, and the brush is used in common with the low-speed brush and the high-speed brush. The width of the low-speed brush and the common brush in the circumferential direction is larger than the circumferential width of the segment and smaller than the circumferential width of the two segments. The circumferential width of the high-speed brush is set to be smaller than the circumferential width of the segment.
With this configuration, when power is supplied to the coil by the low-speed brush and the common brush, the high-speed brush is not energized, so that it is possible to prevent a reverse current from flowing in the same phase from the high-speed brush. .

  The invention described in claim 9 is a DC motor using the DC motor armature according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

  According to the present invention, since the number of segments can be doubled with respect to the number of slots, and coils having different phases can be connected to one segment, the connection diagram can be made polygonal. For this reason, it is possible to make a difference in the number of effective conductors during normal operation (power supply by a low-speed brush and a common brush) and at high speed operation (power supply by a high-speed brush and a common brush). Therefore, a three-phase concentrated winding brushed motor can be used as a three-brush motor, and this makes it possible to reduce the size of the three-brush motor that can switch the rotation speed.

  Further, since the segments having the same potential are short-circuited, there is no need to connect the winding start end and the winding end end of the coil between adjacent segments, and they exist in the vicinity of the winding start end and the winding end end, respectively. It can be electrically connected to the segment. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the winding thickness between the commutator and the armature core. Therefore, further miniaturization of the 3-brush motor can be achieved.

  Furthermore, the number of segments per pole pair can be made odd by making the armature have a five-phase winding structure. For this reason, it is possible to make a difference in the number of effective conductors during normal operation and high-speed operation.

  When power is supplied to the coil by the low speed brush and the common brush, the high speed brush is not energized, so that it is possible to prevent a reverse current from flowing in the same phase from the high speed brush. For this reason, there is no state where there is always a coil that is short-circuited by the high-speed brush as shown in FIG. 25, and the high-speed brush does not contact the three segments simultaneously. Therefore, the number of effective conductors during normal operation and high-speed operation can be made different, and a three-phase concentrated winding brushed motor can be used as a three-brush motor.

Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the DC motor 1 is used for a wiper motor for an automobile, and has a configuration in which an armature 3 is rotatably arranged in a bottomed cylindrical motor housing 2. Yes. Four permanent magnets 4 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the motor housing 2 in the circumferential direction. That is, it has four magnetic poles.

  The armature 3 includes an armature core 6 fixed to the rotating shaft 5, an armature coil 7 wound around the armature core 6, and a commutator 13 disposed on one end side of the armature core 6. The armature core 6 is obtained by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 8 in the axial direction. Six T-shaped teeth 9 (see FIG. 2) are radially formed on the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate 8 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

  By fitting a plurality of metal plates 8 to the rotating shaft 5, dovetail-shaped slots 11 are formed between adjacent teeth 9 on the outer periphery of the armature core 6. The slots 11 extend along the axial direction, and six slots 11 are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. An enamel-wrapped winding 12 is wound between the slots 11, whereby a plurality of armature coils 7 are formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 6.

The commutator 13 is externally fitted and fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 5. Twelve segments 14 made of a conductive material are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 13. That is, the commutator 13 is provided with twice as many segments 14 as the number of slots 11.
The segments 14 are made of plate-like metal pieces that are long in the axial direction, and are fixed in parallel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction in a state of being insulated from each other. A riser 15 is integrally formed at an end portion of each segment 14 on the armature core 6 side and is bent in a manner of being folded back to the outer diameter side. The riser 15 is wound around the winding 12 that is the winding start end and the winding end of the armature coil 7, and the winding 12 is fixed to the riser 15 by fusing. Thereby, the segment 14 and the armature coil 7 corresponding to this are electrically connected.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, connecting lines 25 are respectively wound around risers 15 corresponding to the segments 14 having the same potential (every five segments 14 in this embodiment), and the connecting lines 25 are fusing. Is fixed to the riser 15. The connection line 25 is for short-circuiting the segments 14 having the same potential, and is wired between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the other end side of the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a bearing 16 in a boss protruding from the motor housing 2. A cover 17 is provided at the opening end of the motor housing 2, and a holder stay 18 is attached to the inside of the cover 17. Brush holders 19 are formed on the holder stay 18 at three locations in the circumferential direction.

  In the brush holder 19, the brushes 21 are housed in such a manner that they can be moved in and out in a state of being urged through springs 29. The tip portions of these brushes 21 are urged by springs 29 so as to be in sliding contact with the commutator 13, and power from the outside is supplied to the commutator 13 via the brushes 21.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the brush 21 includes a low speed brush (Lo) 21a, a high speed brush (Hi) 21b, and a common brush (-) 21c. The low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c are spaced apart from each other by 90 ° in the circumferential direction, and the high speed brush 21b is separated from the low speed brush 21a in the circumferential direction by an angle α (135 ° in this embodiment). Are arranged. The DC motor 1 is supplied with power by the common brush 21c and the low speed brush 21a during normal operation, and by the common brush 21c and the high speed brush 21b during high speed operation. In the first embodiment, the common brush 21c is described as the cathode side, and the low speed brush 21a and the high speed brush 21b are described as the anode side. However, the anode side and the cathode side may be reversed.

Thus, in the DC motor 1 in which the number ratio of the permanent magnet 4 (magnetic pole), the slot 11 and the segment 14 is set to 2: 3: 6, that is, the armature 3 of the DC motor 1 having 4 poles, 6 slots and 12 segments. The winding 12 is wound as follows.
FIG. 4 is an expanded view of the segment 14 (riser 15) of the armature 3, the teeth 9, and the connection line 25, and the gap between the adjacent teeth 9 corresponds to the slot 11. In the following drawings, each segment 14, each tooth 9 and the wound winding 12 will be described with reference numerals.

As shown in the figure, the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited by a connection line 25. That is, every fifth segment 14 (for example, the S1 segment 14a and the S7 segment 14d) is short-circuited by the connection line 25, respectively.
Each tooth 9 is assigned with U, V and W phases in this order. In other words, the first and fourth teeth 9 are in the U phase, the second and fifth teeth 9 are in the V phase, and the third and sixth teeth 9 are in the W phase.

  For example, when the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 starts to be wound from the S1 segment 14a, the winding 12 is first wound around the riser 15 of the S1 segment 14a and then 1-6 located near the S1 segment 14a. It is drawn into the slot 11a between the teeth 9. Subsequently, after winding around the first tooth 9 n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) times in the forward direction, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11 b between the first and second teeth 9. Then, it is wound around the riser 15 of the S2 segment 14b adjacent to the S1 segment 14a, and the winding end 40 is connected to the S2 segment 14b. As a result, a coil C1 (U-phase) is formed between the S1-S2 segments 14a and 14b and is wound n times around the first tooth 9 in the forward direction.

  In addition, the winding 12 that starts winding from the S12 segment 14c adjacent to the S1 segment 14a opposite to the S2 segment 14b side was first wound around the riser 15 of the S12 segment 14c by the winding start end 30. Then, it is drawn into the slot 11c between the 2-3 teeth 9. Subsequently, the second tooth 9 is wound n times in the reverse direction, and then the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b. Then, it is wound around the riser 15 of the S1 segment 14a, and the winding end 40 is connected to the S1 segment 14a. As a result, a coil C2 (-V phase) is formed between the S12-S1 segments 14c, 14a by being wound n times around the second tooth 9 in the reverse direction.

  Subsequently, the winding 12 starts to be wound from the S4 segment 14e skipped from the S2 segment 14b. In this case, the winding 12 is wound around the riser 15 of the S4 segment 14e and then drawn into the slot 11d between the 4th and 5th teeth 9. Subsequently, after winding around the fourth tooth 9 n times in the reverse direction, the winding 12 is drawn out from the slot 11e between the third and fourth teeth 9. Then, the winding end 40 is connected to the S5 segment 14f. As a result, a coil C4 (-U phase) is formed between the S4-S5 segments 14e and 14f and is wound n times around the fourth tooth 9 in the reverse direction.

  Further, the winding 12 that starts to be wound from the S5 segment 14f is first drawn into the slot 11c after the winding start end 30 is wound around the riser 15 of the S5 segment 14f. Subsequently, after winding around the third tooth 9 n times in the forward direction, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11e. Then, the winding end 40 is connected to the S6 segment 14g. As a result, a coil C3 (W phase) is formed between the S5-S6 segments 14f and 14g and is wound n times around the third tooth 9 in the forward direction.

  Similarly, the C5 and C6 coils are connected to three segments of S8 segment 14h skipped from S6 segment 14g and S9, S10 segments 14i and 14j arranged continuously in the circumferential direction, and S8 A -W phase is formed between the S9 segments 14h and 14i, and a V phase is formed between the S9 and S10 segments 14i and 14j. As a result, a three-phase (U, V, W phase) concentrated winding armature coil 7 is formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 6 in which the windings 12 are wound so that the forward direction and the reverse direction are alternated. The

Therefore, the phases of the coils C1, C3 and C5 wound in the forward direction are U phase, V phase and W phase, and the phases of the coils C2, C4 and C6 wound in the reverse direction are -U phase, When the -V phase and -W phase are set, between the adjacent segments 14, the U phase, the -W phase, the V phase, the -U phase, the W phase, and the -V phase are sequentially arranged between the S1-S2 segments 14a and 14b. The coil is electrically connected.
FIG. 5 is a connection diagram of FIG. As shown in the figure, a connection diagram of a coil in which U-phase, -W-phase, V-phase, -U-phase, W-phase, and -V-phase coils are electrically connected in this order between adjacent segments 14 is a polygon. It becomes. Therefore, it is possible to make a difference in the number of effective conductors during normal operation (power is supplied by the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c) and at high speed operation (power is supplied by the high speed brush 21b and the common brush 21c).

  This will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 show a case where the low speed brush 21a is in contact with the S4 segment 14e, the high speed brush 21b is in contact with the S8-S9 segments 14h and 14i, and the common brush 21c is in contact with the S1 segment 14a. 6 is a development view of the armature 3 in a state where power is supplied by the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c, and FIG. 7 is a development view of the armature 3 in a state where power is supplied by the high speed brush 21b and the common brush 21c. FIG. In FIGS. 6 and 7, the arrows described on the coils C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 indicate the direction of current flow.

  As shown in FIG. 6, when power is supplied by the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c, a reverse current flows through the coils C1, C2, C4, and C5, and a forward current flows through the coil C3. . On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, when power is supplied by the high-speed brush 21b and the common brush 21c, reverse current flows through the coils C1, C2, and C4, and forward current flows through the coils C3 and C5. Current flows. That is, the number of effective conductors can be made different by changing the direction of the current of the coil C5 during normal operation and high-speed operation.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment described above, in the armature 3 in which the number of the segments 14 is doubled with respect to the number of the slots 11, between the adjacent segments 14, the U phase, the -W phase, the V Phase, -U phase, W phase, and -V phase coils can be electrically connected in this order. As a result, in the S1 segment 14a, the S5 segment 14f, and the S9 segment 14i to which the two coils are connected, it is possible to connect coils of different phases. For this reason, a connection diagram can be made into a polygon without reducing motor characteristics, and the number of effective conductors during normal operation and high-speed operation can be differentiated. Therefore, the motor with a brush of three-phase concentrated winding (DC motor 1) can be used as a 3-brush motor, and the 3-brush motor can be reduced in size.

Further, in the S1 segment 14a, the S5 segment 14f, and the S9 segment 14i, coils having different phases are connected to each other, so that the circumferential widths of the brushes 21a, 21b, and 21c correspond to the load current supplied to the coils. It can be set arbitrarily.
Incidentally, by setting the circumferential width of each brush 21a, 21b, 21c to be smaller than the circumferential width of the segment 14, the number of effective conductors during normal operation is increased, and the effective conductors during normal operation / high-speed operation are increased. The ratio can be reduced. Here, in general, in a 3-brush motor that can switch the rotation speed, the smaller the effective conductor ratio in normal operation / high-speed operation, the difference in rotation speed between normal operation and high-speed operation is added. Cheap.

Further, since the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited, even if the brushes 21a, 21b, and 21c are in contact with segments (for example, S3, S7, and S11) to which the coils are not connected, a desired coil Can be supplied with current. For this reason, the winding thickness between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6 can be prevented, and as a result, the 3-brush motor can be further downsized.
Note that the coils C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 are not limited to the case of being wound by one winding 12, and as shown in FIG. 8, the coils C1, C2, C3 , C4, C5, C6 may be wound by two or more windings 12.

In the above-described first embodiment, the case of the DC motor 1 having 4 poles, 6 slots, and 12 segments has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number ratio of the permanent magnets 4, the slots 11, and the segments 14 is 2: It may be set to 3: 6.
An example of this will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 9 is a development view of the armature 3 in an 8-pole 12-slot 24-segment DC motor, and FIG. 10 is a connection diagram of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, windings 12 are wound around the teeth so that the forward direction and the reverse direction are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, thereby forming a coil. The two coils C1 and C2 are electrically connected to three S24, S1, and S2 segments arranged continuously in the circumferential direction, and the coils C3 and C4 are electrically connected to S4, S5, and S6. Has been.

  Thus, like the first embodiment described above, the winding 12 is advanced so that any two phase coils are electrically connected to any three segments 14, respectively, and the any three By having every other segment, the coils of U phase, -W phase, V phase, -U phase, W phase, and -V phase are electrically connected in this order between adjacent segments 14. Connected. The segments 14 having the same potential are all short-circuited by the connection line 25.

  FIGS. 11 and 12 are also a development view of the armature 3 in the 8-pole 12-slot 24-segment DC motor and its connection diagram. The winding directions of the coils wound around the teeth 9 are shown in FIGS. The opposite is true. That is, the coil C1 is wound in the reverse direction, the coil C2 is wound in the forward direction, and the coils are sequentially wound around the teeth 9 in this order.

  Therefore, the two coils C2 and C3 are electrically connected to the three S2, S3 and S4 segments, and the coils C4 and C5 are electrically connected to the S6, S7 and S8 segments. Two coils are connected to three consecutive segments 14. In this embodiment, the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited by the connection line 25. However, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, all the segments 14 having the same potential are not short-circuited by the connection line 25. However, the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above can be obtained.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In this second embodiment, the DC motor 1 is a 4-pole 6-slot 12-segment DC motor in which an armature 3 is rotatably arranged in a motor housing 2 having a permanent magnet 4, and the segments 14 having the same potential are connected to each other. The basic structure such as being short-circuited by the connection line 25 is the same as that of the first embodiment. Accordingly, in the following drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the same aspects as those in FIG. 4 which is a development view of the armature 3 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 13, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the winding 12 is wound around the teeth 9 so that the forward direction and the reverse direction are alternately arranged in the first embodiment. In contrast, each tooth 9 includes a first coil wound in the forward direction and a second coil wound in the reverse direction.
For example, when the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 is started from the S1 segment 14a, the winding 12 is first wound around the riser 15 of the S1 segment 14a, and then the winding 12 exists in the vicinity of the S1 segment 14a. Pull into the slot 11a between the 1-6th teeth 9. Then, assuming that the winding 12 is wound n times around each tooth 9, the forward winding coil 33 a is formed by winding the first tooth 9 n / 2 times in the forward direction.
Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11 b between the first and second teeth 9 and pulled into the slot 11 e between the third and fourth teeth 9. Then, the forward winding coil 33b wound around the fourth tooth 9 n / 2 times in the forward direction is formed.

  After the forward winding coil 33b is formed, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11d between the 4th and 5th teeth 9, and is wound around the riser 15 of the S8 segment 14h existing near the 4th tooth 9. Then, the winding end 40 of the winding 12 is connected to the S8 segment 14h. Thereby, between the S1-S8 segments 14a, 14b, the first coil 33 (a pair of forward winding coils 33a, 33b wound in the forward direction around the first tooth 9 and the fourth tooth 9 and connected in series) U phase) is formed.

  The S8 segment 14h to which the winding end 40 is connected and the S2 segment 14b adjacent to the S1 segment 14a are short-circuited by the connection line 25. For this reason, the potential difference between the S1-S8 segments 14a and 14h is equal to the potential difference between adjacent segments. Therefore, the first coil 33 is electrically connected between the adjacent S1-S2 segments 14a, 14b, and the first coil 33 (U-phase) is formed between the S1-S2 segments 14a, 14b. Will be equal to

On the other hand, the winding 12 wound around the riser 15 of the S4 segment 14e is drawn into the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9. The first tooth 9 is wound n / 2 times in the reverse direction to form the reverse winding coil 34a.
Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11 a between the 1-6th tooth 9 and pulled into the slot 11 d between the 4th-5th tooth 9. The fourth tooth 9 is wound n / 2 times in the reverse direction to form the reverse winding coil 34b.

  The winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11e between the third and fourth teeth 9 after forming the reverse winding coil 34b, and is wound around the riser 15 of the S5 segment 14f adjacent to the S4 segment 14e. Then, the winding end 40 of the winding 12 is connected to the S5 segment 14f. Thereby, between the S4-S5 segments 14e and 14f, the second coil 34 (-) is provided with a pair of reverse winding coils 34a and 34b wound in the reverse direction around the first tooth 9 and the fourth tooth 9 and connected in series. U phase) is formed.

Thus, in the first teeth 9 and the fourth teeth 9 corresponding to the U phase, the first coil 33 in which the winding 12 is wound n / 2 times in the forward direction and the winding 12 in the reverse direction n / An n-turn armature coil 7 including a second coil 34 wound twice is formed.
Similarly, for example, when the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 is started from the S3 segment 14k, the winding is wound n / 2 times forward around the second tooth 9 and the fifth tooth 9 corresponding to the V phase. Then, the first coil 33 is formed by forming the forward winding coils 33a and 33b. Then, it connects to S10 segment 14j.

On the other hand, the second coil 34 is formed by forming the reverse winding coils 34a and 34b wound in the reverse winding direction n / 2 times on the second tooth 9 and the fifth tooth 9, respectively. The winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 of the second coil 34 are connected to the S6-S7 segments 14g and 14d.
In this way, the second tooth 9 and the fifth tooth 9 corresponding to the V phase are wound with the first coil 33 (V phase) in which the winding 12 is wound n / 2 times in the forward direction. The n-turned armature coil 7 including the second coil 34 (-V phase) in which the wire 12 is wound n / 2 times in the opposite direction is formed.
Then, this is sequentially performed between the segments 14 corresponding to the respective phases, whereby the armature coil 7 having a three-phase concentrated winding structure is formed in the armature core 6.

  Further, since the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited by the connection line 25, the first coil 33 of each phase in which the winding 12 is wound in the forward direction is respectively connected to the U, V, W phase, and winding. When the second coils 34 of the respective phases wound with 12 in the reverse direction are set to the -U, -V, and -W phases, respectively, between the adjacent segments 14, U between the S1-S2 segments 14a and 14b The coils of phase, -W phase, V phase, -U phase, W phase, and -V phase are electrically connected in this order.

  Therefore, even if it is the above-mentioned 2nd embodiment, there can exist an effect similar to 1st embodiment. In addition, since the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited, it is not necessary to connect the winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 of the winding 12 between the adjacent segments 14. For this reason, if it connects electrically to the segment 14 which exists in the vicinity of each of the winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40, a desired electric current can be supplied to each coil by each brush 21a, 21b, 21c.

  In this second embodiment, the case of a DC motor with 4 poles, 6 slots and 12 segments has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number ratio of the permanent magnets 4, slots 11 and segments 14 is 2: It may be set to 3: 6. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, even in the case of an armature 3 having 6 poles, 9 slots and 18 segments, a forward coil is connected in series between teeth 9 corresponding to the same phase, and the first coil 33 (forward coil 33a, 33b, 33c), and the reverse winding coils are connected in series to form the second coil 34 (reverse winding coils 34a, 34b, 34c), whereby the armature coil 7 of each phase can be formed.

  In addition, the first coil 33 and the second coil 34 of the teeth 9 corresponding to the same phase are not connected in series, but a separate winding 12 is wound for each tooth 9 and the first coil 33 and the second coil 34 are wound together. Two coils 34 may be formed, and the coils 33 and 34 may be connected between the adjacent segments 14.

One example thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16. FIGS. 15 and 16 are development views of the armature 3 in a 2-pole 3-slot 6-segment DC motor.
As shown in FIG. 15, for example, when the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 is started from the S1 segment 14a, the winding 12 is first wound around the riser 15 of the S1 segment 14a, and then the winding 12 is turned into S1. It is drawn into the slot 11a between the first to third teeth 9 existing in the vicinity of the segment 14a. The first tooth 9 is wound n / 2 times in the forward direction.
Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9, and is wound around the riser 15 of the S2 segment 14e adjacent to the S1 segment 14a. Then, the winding end 40 is connected to the S2 segment 14b. Thereby, between the S1-S2 segments 14a and 14b, the first coil 33 (U phase) wound in the forward direction on the first tooth 9 is formed.

On the other hand, the winding 12 wound around the riser 15 of the S4 segment 14e is drawn into the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9. Then, the first tooth 9 is wound n / 2 times in the reverse direction.
Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11a between the first to third teeth 9, and is wound around the riser 15 of the S5 segment 14f adjacent to the S4 segment 14e. Then, the winding end 40 is connected to the S5 segment 14f. As a result, a second coil 33 (-U phase) wound around the first tooth 9 in the reverse direction is formed between the S4-S5 segments 14e and 14f.

  Accordingly, the first tooth 9 corresponding to the U phase has the first coil 33 in which the winding 12 is wound n / 2 times in the forward direction and the first coil 33 in which the winding 12 is wound n / 2 times in the reverse direction. An n-turn armature coil 7 having two coils 34 is formed. Then, this is sequentially performed between the segments 14 corresponding to the respective phases, whereby the armature coil 7 having a three-phase concentrated winding structure is formed in the armature core 6.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 16, the winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 may be connected between the adjacent segments 14 by reversing the order of the coils 33, 34 from that in FIG. 15. Specifically, the second coil 34 wound n / 2 times in the reverse direction between the S1-S2 segments 14a, 14b is formed, and the second coil 34 wound in the forward direction between the S4-S5 segments 14e, 14f. One coil 33 may be formed.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18 with reference to FIG.
In the third embodiment, the number ratio of the permanent magnet 4, the slot 11 and the segment 14 in the above-described embodiment is set to 2: 3: 6, whereas the number ratio is 4: 5. : A case where 10 is set will be described.
FIG. 17 is a development view of the armature 3 in the 4-pole 5-slot 10-segment DC motor, and FIG. 18 is a connection diagram of FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited by a connection line 25. That is, every fourth segment 14 (for example, the S1 segment 14a and the S6 segment 14g) is short-circuited by the connection line 25, respectively.
In addition, each tooth 9 is assigned with U, V, W, X, and Y phases in this order in the circumferential direction. That is, the first tooth 9 is the U phase, the second tooth 9 is the V phase, the third tooth 9 is the W phase, the fourth tooth 9 is the X phase, and the fifth tooth 9 is the Y phase.

  For example, when the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 is started from the S1 segment 14a, the winding 12 is first wound around the riser 15 of the S1 segment 14a, and then the winding 12 exists in the vicinity of the S1 segment 14a. -Pull into the slot 11a between the fifth teeth 9. Then, the first tooth 9 is wound n times in the forward direction. As a result, a U-phase coil C1 wound around the first tooth 9 is formed between the S1-S2 segments 14a and 14b.

  Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9, and is wound around the riser 15 of the S2 segment 14b adjacent to the S1 segment 14a. Then, the winding end 40 is connected to the S2 segment 14b. Next, the winding wire 12 is wound from the S3 segment 14k, wound around the second tooth 9 n times in the forward direction, and then the winding end 40 is connected to the S4 segment 14e.

The armature core 6 is then wound into five phases (U, V, W, X) by sequentially winding the coils C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 for each tooth 9 between adjacent segments 14. , Y-phase) armature coil 7 having a winding structure is formed.
In addition, since the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited by the connection line 25, the U, X, V, Y, and W phase armature coils 7 are electrically connected in this order between the adjacent segments 14. The structure is sequentially connected.

Therefore, the number of segments per pole pair can be made odd by making the armature 3 have a five-phase winding structure as in the third embodiment described above. In this way, it is possible to make a difference in the number of effective conductors during normal operation and during high-speed operation, and the same effects as in the first embodiment described above can be achieved.
In the third embodiment, the circumferential widths of the brushes 21a, 21b, and 21c can be arbitrarily set according to the load current supplied to the coils, but the brushes 21a, 21b, and 21c. If the circumferential width is set smaller than the circumferential width of the segment 14, the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c are not rectified at the same time during normal operation. For this reason, the effective conductor ratio in normal operation / high-speed operation can be reduced.

Further, in the third embodiment described above, the case where each of the coils C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 is wound by one winding 12 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and FIG. Each coil C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 may be wound with two or more windings 12 as shown in FIG.
Further, in the third embodiment described above, the case of a 4-pole 5-slot 10-segment DC motor has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number ratio of the permanent magnet 4, the slot 11 and the segment 14 is 4: 5. : 10 may be set. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 20, even an armature 3 having 8 poles and 10 slots and 20 segments can have the same 5-phase winding structure.

And in the above-mentioned 3rd embodiment, although the coil | winding 12 was connected between the adjacent segments 14, and the case where the coil | winding 12 was wound for every tooth | gear 9 was demonstrated, teeth 9 equivalent to the same phase mutually It is good also as a structure which forms the armature coil 7 by connecting the coils respectively formed in series.
Specifically, it is shown in FIG. This figure is an exploded view of the armature 3 having 8 poles, 10 slots and 20 segments.

As shown in FIG. 21, for example, when the winding start end 30 starts to be wound from the S1 segment 14a, the winding 12 is first wound around the riser 15 of the S1 segment 14a, and then the winding 12 is turned to S1. It is drawn into the slot 11a between the 1-10th teeth 9 existing in the vicinity of the segment 14a. Then, the first coil 7a is formed by winding the first tooth 9 n times.
Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9, and is pulled into the slot 11e between the fifth and sixth teeth 9. And the 6th teeth 9 are wound n times and the 2nd coil 7b is formed.

  After forming the second coil 7 b, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11 f between the 6th and 7th teeth 9, and is wound around the riser 15 of the S12 segment 14 c existing near the 6th tooth 9. Then, the winding end 40 of the winding 12 is connected to the S12 segment 14c. Thereby, between the S1-S12 segments 14a and 14c, an armature coil 7 (U phase) including a pair of coils 7a and 7b wound around the first tooth 9 and the sixth tooth 9 and connected in series is formed. Is done.

The S12 segment 14c to which the winding end 40 is connected and the S2 segment 14b adjacent to the S1 segment 14a are short-circuited by the connection line 25. For this reason, the potential difference between the S1 segment 14a and the S12 segment 14c is equal to the potential difference between the adjacent segments (segments 14a and 14b).
Then, the armature core 6 is wound while repeatedly forming the two coils 7a and 7b between the segments 14, so that the armature core 6 has a five-phase (U, V, W, X, Y phase) winding structure. 7 is formed.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 22 shows the armature 3 in the DC motor 1 in which the number ratio of the permanent magnet 4 (magnetic pole), the slot 11 and the segment 14 is set to 2: 3: 6, for example, the DC motor 1 having 4 poles, 6 slots and 12 segments. FIG.
In the fourth embodiment, a winding 12 is wound around each tooth 9 with a general three-phase concentrated winding structure (see FIG. 28).

However, in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment described above, the circumferential widths of the brushes 21a, 21b, and 21c can be arbitrarily set, whereas in the fourth embodiment, The width of each brush 21a, 21b, 21c in the circumferential direction is defined to a predetermined dimension.
That is, as shown in FIG. 22, the circumferential width of the low speed brush 21 a and the common brush 21 c is set to be larger than the circumferential width of the segment 14 and smaller than the circumferential width of two segments 14. In addition, the circumferential width of the high speed brush 21b is set to be smaller than the circumferential width of the segment 14.

  Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment described above, in the DC motor 1 in which the number ratio of the permanent magnet 4 (magnetic pole), the slot 11 and the segment 14 is 2: 3: 6 (for example, 4 poles, 6 slots, 12 segments) Even if the armature 3 has a general three-phase concentrated winding structure, when power is supplied to the coils (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6) by the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c, the high speed brush 21b is used. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a reverse current from flowing in the same phase from the high speed brush 21b. For this reason, there is no state where there is always a coil that is short-circuited by the high-speed brush 21b, and the high-speed brush 21b does not contact the three segments 14 at the same time. Therefore, the number of effective conductors during normal operation and high-speed operation can be made different.

During high-speed operation, the segments 14 (in the fourth embodiment, S2, S4, S6, S8, S10, and S12 segments) connected to the same-phase coil by the high-speed brush 21b are in the same phase and in opposite directions. Therefore, the number of effective conductors at high speed operation can be reduced, and the effective conductor ratio at normal operation / high speed operation can be reduced.
In the above-described fourth embodiment, the case where the winding 12 is wound around each tooth 9 with a general three-phase concentrated winding structure is described only as an example. For example, FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the winding 12 may be wound continuously around the teeth 9 corresponding to the same phase.

Further, in the above-described fourth embodiment, the case of 4 poles, 6 slots, and 12 segments has been described. However, the number ratio of the permanent magnets 4 (magnetic poles), the slots 11 and the segments 14 may be 2: 3: 6. An example is shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 are development views of the armature 3 in a 6-pole 9-slot 18-segment DC motor.
As shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, even in the 6 pole 9 slot 18 segment, the circumferential width of the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c is larger than the circumferential width of the segment 14, and If the circumferential width of the high speed brush 12b is set to be smaller than the circumferential width of the segment 14 as long as it is set smaller than the circumferential width of the two, it is the same as in the fourth embodiment. The effect of can be produced.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the armature core 6 is obtained by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 8 in the axial direction, and T-shaped teeth 9 are provided in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate 8. Although the case where a plurality of pieces are formed radially at equal intervals has been described, the shape of the armature core 6 is not limited to this, and may be a divided core system that can be divided in the circumferential direction, You may have a predetermined | prescribed skew angle so that it may incline while twisting with respect to a direction.
Furthermore, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the case where the DC motor 1 was used for the wiper motor for motor vehicles, use of the DC motor 1 is not restricted to this.

It is a longitudinal section of a direct-current motor in an embodiment of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the DC motor in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a brush arrangement diagram of a DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5 is a connection diagram of FIG. 4. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. FIG. 10 is a connection diagram of FIG. 9. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. FIG. 12 is a connection diagram of FIG. 11. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 3rd embodiment of this invention. FIG. 18 is a connection diagram of FIG. 17. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 4th embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 4th embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 4th embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 4th embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the conventional armature coil. FIG. 27 is a connection diagram of FIG. 26. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the conventional armature coil.

Explanation of symbols

1 DC motor 2 Motor housing (yoke)
3, 50, 60 Armature 4, 53 Permanent magnet (magnetic pole)
5 Rotating shaft 6 Armature core 7, 55, 65 Armature coil (coil)
9, 52, 62 Teeth 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 54, 54a, 54b, 64, 64a, 64b, 64c Slot 12, 56, 63 Winding 13 Commutator 14, 51, 61 Segment 21 Brushes 21a, 67 Brushes for low speed 21b, 68 Brushes for high speed 21c, 70 Common brushes 25, 66 Connection line (short-circuit member)
33 First coil 34 Second coil

Claims (9)

A rotating shaft that is supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction, and for winding a coil, and an axial direction formed between the teeth An armature core having a plurality of slots extending along the axis, a commutator provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction, and for supplying power to the coil via the segments And consists of
The number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 4: 6: 12,
Each tooth is assigned to a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase in this order, and the coil is an armature of a DC motor that is wound so that the forward direction and the reverse direction are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. ,
The brush is composed of three brushes, a low-speed brush and a high-speed brush, and a common brush used in common.
The commutator is provided with a short-circuit member that short-circuits the segments having the same potential,
The phases in which the coil is wound in the forward direction are U phase, V phase, and W phase, and the phases in which the coil is wound in the reverse direction are -U phase, -V phase, and -W phase. When
A DC motor armature, wherein coils of U phase, -W phase, V phase, -U phase, W phase, and -V phase are electrically connected in this order between adjacent segments.   Arbitrary three segments arranged continuously in the circumferential direction are electrically connected to two coils of arbitrary different phases, and the arbitrary three segments exist every other segment. The DC motor armature according to claim 1, wherein: A rotating shaft that is supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction, and for winding a coil, and an axial direction formed between the teeth An armature core having a plurality of slots extending along the axis, a commutator provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction, and for supplying power to the coil via the segments And consists of
The number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 2: 3: 6,
Each tooth is assigned a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase in this order, and includes a first coil wound in the forward direction and a second coil wound in the reverse direction. An armature,
The brush is composed of three brushes, a low-speed brush and a high-speed brush, and a common brush used in common.
When each phase around which the first coil is wound is a U phase, V phase, and W phase, and each phase around which the second coil is wound is a -U phase, -V phase, and -W phase. ,
A DC motor armature, wherein coils of U phase, -W phase, V phase, -U phase, W phase, and -V phase are electrically connected in this order between adjacent segments.   4. The DC motor armature according to claim 3, wherein the commutator is provided with a short-circuit member for short-circuiting segments having the same potential. A rotation shaft supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a plurality of teeth attached to the rotation shaft and extending radially, and a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction. An armature core having, a commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotating shaft and having a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction, and a brush for supplying power to the winding via the segment,
A DC motor armature in which the number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 4: 5: 10,
The brush is composed of three brushes, a low-speed brush and a high-speed brush, and a common brush used in common.
The commutator is provided with a short-circuit member that short-circuits the segments having the same potential, and the winding is electrically connected between adjacent segments, and the winding is wound around the teeth to form a coil. DC motor armature characterized by   6. The DC motor armature according to claim 5, wherein the windings are continuously wound around teeth corresponding to the same phase.   6. The DC motor armature according to claim 5, wherein the winding is electrically connected between the adjacent segments, and the separate winding is wound for each of the teeth. A rotating shaft that is supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction, and for winding a coil, and an axial direction formed between the teeth An armature core having a plurality of slots extending along the axis, a commutator provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction, and for supplying power to the coil via the segments And consists of
In a DC motor armature in which the number ratio of the magnetic pole, the slot, and the segment is set to 2: 3: 6,
The commutator is provided with a short-circuit member that short-circuits the segments having the same potential,
The brush is composed of three brushes, a low-speed brush and a high-speed brush, and a common brush used in common, and the circumferential width of the low-speed brush and the common brush is set in the circumferential direction of the segment. It is set to be larger than the width and smaller than the circumferential width of the two segments, and the circumferential width of the high-speed brush is set to be smaller than the circumferential width of the segment. Characteristic DC motor armature. A DC motor using the DC motor armature according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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