JP2008306913A - Armature for electric motor and electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an armature for an electric motor, capable of switching an operation speed by changing conduction patterns of four brushes even if a winding wire is wound by a centralized winding mode, and to provide the electric motor. <P>SOLUTION: The armature has a structure in which an armature core 6 and a commutator are each configured two three-phase circuits of centralized winding which are point-symmetrically disposed centered at a rotary axis, a winding start terminal 40 of a coil 7c of a third phase (W-phase) of a first circuit K1 is connected to a winding end terminal 30 of a coil 7d of a first phase (U-phase) of a second circuit K2, the four brushes are configured with two combinations of an anode side brush 21a and a cathode side brush 21b, the brushes of the same poles are disposed oppositely centered at the rotary axis, and the brushes of different poles are disposed with a space in a circumference direction of 180° electrical angle. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an armature for an electric motor mounted on a vehicle or the like, and an electric motor using the same.

  Conventionally, an electric motor with a brush mounted on a vehicle or the like is known. This electric motor has a configuration in which an armature around which an armature coil is wound is rotatably arranged inside a cylindrical yoke having a plurality of magnets attached to its inner peripheral surface. The armature has an armature core that is externally fixed to the rotating shaft. In the armature core, teeth for winding the winding are formed radially, and a long slot is formed between the teeth in the axial direction.

  A winding is wound around each tooth to form an armature coil having a concentrated winding structure. The armature coil is electrically connected to each segment attached to the rotating shaft. Each segment can be slidably contacted with a brush, and a current is supplied to the armature coil by applying a voltage from the brush to the segment terminal. At this time, a magnetic field is formed in the armature coil, and the rotating shaft is driven by a magnetic attractive force or repulsive force generated between the magnets of the yoke (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

By the way, as a winding method of the winding around the armature core, there is a lap winding (distributed winding) method in addition to the concentrated winding method. There is an electric motor that uses an armature wound by this lap winding method and four brushes and changes the energization pattern of each brush to change the rotation speed.
The operation of this type of electric motor will be described with reference to FIGS. 8-10 is explanatory drawing which shows the electricity supply pattern to the armature 100, and FIG. 8 is the state which supplied with electricity to four brushes, two anode side brushes 101 and 103 and two cathode side brushes 102 and 104, 9 shows a state in which three brushes, one anode-side brush 101 and two cathode-side brushes 102 and 104, are energized, and FIG. 10 shows two brushes, one anode-side brush 101 and one cathode-side brush 102. Indicates the energized state.

As shown in FIGS. 8 to 9, the armature 100 in which the winding is wound by the lap winding method has four parallel circuits (series coils) C1, C2, C3, and C4.
When the four brushes 101, 102, 103, 104 are energized (see FIG. 8), a current I1 from the brush 101 to the brush 104 flows in the circuit C1, and a current I2 from the brush 101 to the brush 102 flows in the circuit C2. A current I3 from the brush 103 to the brush 102 flows through C3, and a current I4 from the brush 103 to the brush 104 flows through circuit C4. That is, a current flows through all the circuits C1, C2, C3, and C4.

In contrast, when the three brushes 101, 102, and 104 are energized (see FIG. 9), currents I1 and I2 flow only in the circuit C1 and the circuit C2. Therefore, only half of the torque at the time of energizing the four brushes can be obtained.
On the other hand, when the two brushes 101 and 102 are energized (see FIG. 10), currents I1, I2, I3, and I4 ′ flow through the circuits C1, C2, C3, and C4.

Here, as shown in FIG. 10, the current I <b> 4 ′ flowing through the circuit C <b> 4 flows from the brush 104 toward the brush 103. That is, the current I4 ′ flowing through the circuit C4 when the two brushes are energized is opposite in direction to the current I4 flowing through the circuit C4 when the four brushes are energized, and cancels out with the torque of the circuit C1 or the circuit C3. Therefore, the torque at the time of energizing the two brushes can only obtain 1/3 of the torque at the time of energizing the four brushes.
Thus, by changing the energization pattern of each brush 101, 102, 103, 104, the number of effective conductors and the energization current can be changed to change the torque, and the rotation speed can be switched.
JP 2006-204070 A

  However, in the four-brush electric motor having four parallel circuits as in the prior art described above, the rotation speed can be switched by changing the energization pattern of each brush 101, 102, 103, 104. When the windings are wound by the concentrated winding method, the number of parallel circuits becomes two, and there is a problem that it is difficult to switch the rotation speed even if the brush energization pattern is changed.

  Therefore, the present invention provides an armature for an electric motor and an electric motor that can change the rotation speed by changing the energization pattern of the four brushes even when the winding is wound by the concentrated winding method. It is to provide.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention described in claim 1 is a rotating shaft that is pivotally supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, a radial shaft that is attached to the rotating shaft and extends radially. A plurality of teeth for winding the armature, an armature core having a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction, and a plurality of segments provided around the armature core on the rotating shaft. An armature for an electric motor comprising a commutator arranged in a direction and four brushes for supplying power to the winding via the segment, wherein the armature core and the commutator are respectively centered on the rotation axis Is composed of two three-phase concentrated winding circuits arranged symmetrically to each other, and the winding end of the third phase winding of one circuit is the winding of the first phase winding of the other circuit. The four brushes are connected to the starting end, and the four brushes are configured to include two sets of anode-side brushes and cathode-side brushes, and the brushes on the same polarity side are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis. The brushes on the opposite polar sides are arranged with an electrical angle of 180 ° in the circumferential direction.

  The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that four poles and six slots are provided, and two circuits of two poles and three slots are formed.

  The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that the magnetic pole has 8 poles, 12 slots are provided, and two circuits of 4 poles and 6 slots are formed.

  The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that a short-circuit member for short-circuiting the segments having the same potential is provided for each circuit.

  The invention described in claim 5 is an electric motor using the armature for an electric motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotating shaft that is pivotally supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles, and a plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction to wind the winding. An armature core having a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction; a commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotating shaft; and a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction; and the segment And a short-circuit member for short-circuiting the segments having the same potential, and the armature core and the commutator are respectively rotated. An armature for an electric motor composed of two three-phase concentrated winding circuits arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis, The winding end of the third phase winding of one circuit of the concentrated circuit is connected to the winding start of the first phase winding of the other circuit, and the four brushes are an anode brush and a cathode. The brushes of the same polarity side are arranged opposite to each other with the rotation axis as the center, and the brushes of the different polarity sides have an angle between each other θ, Θ is determined so that θ = (180 / P) + (360 / P) × N ≦ 90 °, where P is the number of pole pairs and N is 0 or a positive integer. .

  According to the present invention, the armature core and the commutator are each constituted by two three-phase concentrated winding circuits arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis, so that the number of parallel circuits is parallel with the conventional concentrated winding structure. Compared to the number of circuits, the number of circuits can be doubled to four. That is, since there are two parallel circuits in one three-phase concentrated winding circuit, the two can be combined to form a total of four circuits. In addition to this, the two circuits are arranged symmetrically around the rotation axis, and among the four brushes, the same polarity brushes are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, and the different polarity brushes are arranged. The electrical angle is 180 ° apart.

  For this reason, the number of windings through which a current flows can be changed at the time of energizing four brushes, at the time of energizing three brushes, and at the time of energizing two brushes, and the magnitude of torque can be changed. Therefore, even when the winding is wound by the concentrated winding method, the rotation speed can be switched by changing the energization patterns of the four brushes.

  According to the present invention, θ is determined so as to satisfy θ = (180 / P) + (360 / P) × N ≦ 90 °, where P is the number of pole pairs and N is 0 or a positive integer. Therefore, in the case of a multi-pole electric motor (for example, an electric motor having 12 or more poles) and at least three segments having the same potential exist in one circuit, the brushes can be arranged in a plurality of layout patterns. It becomes possible. For this reason, the freedom degree of design of an electric motor can be raised.

Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, an electric motor 1 is a direct current motor mounted on a vehicle used for, for example, a power window motor, a wiper motor, and a fan motor of an automobile, and includes an armature 3 in a bottomed cylindrical yoke 2. Is arranged so that it can rotate freely. Four permanent magnets 4 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 2 in the circumferential direction while changing the magnetic poles in order.

  The armature 3 includes an armature core 6 fixed to the rotating shaft 5, an armature coil 7 wound around the armature core 6, and a commutator 13 disposed on one end side of the armature core 6. The armature core 6 is obtained by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 8 in the axial direction. On the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate 8, six teeth 9 having a substantially T-shape in a plan view in the axial direction are formed radially.

  By fitting a plurality of metal plates 8 to the rotating shaft 5, dovetail-shaped slots 11 are formed between adjacent teeth 9 on the outer periphery of the armature core 6. The slots 11 extend along the axial direction, and six slots 11 are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. An enamel-wrapped winding 12 is wound between the slots 11, whereby a plurality of armature coils 7 are formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 6.

  The commutator 13 is externally fitted and fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 5. Six segments 14 made of a conductive material are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 13. The segments 14 are made of plate-like metal pieces that are long in the axial direction, and are fixed in parallel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction in a state of being insulated from each other.

  A riser 15 is integrally formed at an end portion of each segment 14 on the armature core 6 side and is bent in a manner of being folded back to the outer diameter side. The riser 15 is wound around the winding 12 that is the winding start end and the winding end of the armature coil 7, and the winding 12 is fixed to the riser 15 by fusing. Thereby, the segment 14 and the armature coil 7 corresponding to this are electrically connected.

  The other end side of the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a bearing 16 in a boss protruding from the yoke 2. A cover 17 is provided at the open end of the yoke 2, and a holder stay 18 is attached to the inside of the cover 17. Four brush holders 19 are formed on the holder stay 18 along the circumferential direction.

  Each brush holder 19 is provided with a brush 21 that can be moved in and out in a state where the brush 21 is urged through a spring 29. The tip portions of these brushes 21 are urged by springs 29 so as to be in sliding contact with the commutator 13, and power from the outside is supplied to the commutator 13 via the brushes 21.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the brush 21 includes four brushes 21a, 21a, 21b, and 21b each including two sets of an anode side brush 21a and a cathode side brush 21b. The anode-side brushes 21a and 21a and the cathode-side brushes 21b and 21b are opposed to each other around the rotation shaft 5, and the anode-side brush 21a and the cathode-side brush 21b are spaced by 90 ° in the circumferential direction. It is arranged with a gap. That is, the brushes on the same polarity side are arranged at a mechanical angle of 180 °, and the brushes on the opposite polarity side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 °.

  In the first embodiment, since there are four permanent magnets 4, that is, four magnetic poles, 180 ° in electrical angle becomes 90 ° in mechanical angle, but the number of magnetic poles changes. What is necessary is just to arrange | position the brushes of different pole side so that it may become 180 degrees in an electrical angle. The anode brushes 21a and 21a and the cathode brushes 21b and 21b may be reversed.

  FIG. 3 is a developed view of the segment 14 (riser 15) and the teeth 9 of the armature 3, and the gap between the adjacent teeth 9 corresponds to the slot 11. In the following drawings, each segment 14, each tooth 9, and the wound winding 12 will be described with reference numerals.

  As shown in the figure, the armature 3 of the 4-pole 6-slot 6-segment electric motor 1 is a 3-pole concentrated winding having 1-3 teeth 9 and 1-3 segments 14a-14c, 2-pole 3-slot. The first circuit K1 and the 4th teeth 9 and the 4th and 6th segments 14d-14f are composed of two circuits K1 and K2 of the second circuit K2 having two poles and three slots. It is in the state. Since these two circuits K1 and K2 are formed in parallel in the circumferential direction, the armature 3 is in a state in which the two circuits K1 and K2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis 5.

  As a specific winding method around the armature core 6, for example, when the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 is started to be wound from the first segment 14a of the first circuit K1, first, the riser 15 of the first segment 14a. It is multiplied by. Then, it is drawn into the slot 11a between the 1-6th teeth 9 and wound around the 1st teeth 9 n times (n is a natural number of 1 or more).

  And the coil | winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b between the 1-2 teeth 9. FIG. Next, it is wound around the riser 15 of the second segment 14b, and the winding end 40 is connected to the second segment 14b. As a result, a first-phase (for example, U-phase) coil 7a wound n times around the first tooth 9 is formed between the first and second segments 14a and 14b.

  Subsequently, the winding 12 is drawn from the second segment 14b into the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9 and wound around the second tooth 9 n times. Thereafter, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11c between the second and third teeth 9. Then, it is wound around the riser 15 of the third segment 14c, and the winding end 40 is connected to the third segment 14c. As a result, a second-phase (for example, V-phase) coil 7b wound n times around the second tooth 9 is formed between the second and third segments 14b and 14c.

  Next, the winding wire 12 is drawn from the third segment 14c into the slot 11c between the second and third teeth 9 and is wound n times around the third tooth 9 to form a third-phase (for example, W-phase) coil. 7c is formed. Thereafter, the winding wire 12 is pulled out from the slot 11d between the 3rd and 4th teeth 9. Here, the winding end 40 of the winding 12 drawn out from the slot 11d is connected not to the first circuit K1 but to the fourth segment 14d of the second circuit K2.

  Subsequently, the winding 12 having the winding start end 30 wound around the riser 15 of the 4th segment 14d is drawn into the slot 11d between the 3rd and 4th teeth 9 and wound around the 4th tooth 9 n times. The And the coil | winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11e between the 4th-5th teeth 9, and the winding end 40 is connected to the 5th segment 14e. As a result, the first-phase coil 7d wound n times around the 4th tooth 9 is formed between the 4th and 5th segments 14d and 14e.

  By winding this while changing the teeth 9 in the same manner as the first circuit K1, the winding 12 is connected to the 4-6th tooth 9 on the second circuit K2, that is, between the 4th and 6th segments 14. A first-phase coil 7d, a second-phase coil 7e, and a third-phase coil 7f wound by phase-concentrated winding are formed. Then, the third phase coil 7f is formed, and the winding end 40 of the winding 12 drawn out from the slot 11a is connected to the first segment 14a of the first circuit K1, not on the second circuit K2.

  Therefore, the armature 3 has the winding end end 40 of the third phase coil 7c of the first circuit K1 having the three-phase concentrated winding structure and the winding of the first phase coil 7d of the second circuit K2 having the three-phase concentrated winding structure. It is connected to the start end 30 and the winding end 40 of the third phase coil 7f of the second circuit K2 is connected to the winding start end 30 of the first phase coil 7a of the first circuit K1.

  In addition to this, the brushes 21 on the same polarity side are arranged at a mechanical angle of 180 °, and the brushes 21 on the different polarity side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 °. For this reason, the number of parallel circuits is two in one circuit, and the number of parallel circuits is configured in the armature 3 even in the concentrated winding method.

Next, based on FIGS. 4-6, the effect | action of the armature 3 of this 1st embodiment is demonstrated.
As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), for example, anode-side brushes 21a and 21a exist between the first and second segments 14a and 14b and between the fourth and fifth segments 14d and 14e, respectively. When the side brushes 21b and 21b exist in the third segment 14c and the sixth segment 14f, that is, when a pair of brushes 21a and 21b exist on the circuits K1 and K2, respectively, When all the two brushes 21a, 21a, 21b, and 21b are energized, current flows through the four coils 7b, 7c, 7e, and 7f.

  That is, the coil 7a formed between the first and second segments 14a and 14b and the coil 7d formed between the fourth and fifth segments 14d and 14e are short-circuited by the anode-side brushes 21a and 21a ( (Refer FIG.4 (b)). On the other hand, current flows in the forward direction (clockwise in FIG. 4A) through the coil 7b formed on the second tooth 9 and the coil 7e formed on the fifth tooth 9, and formed on the third tooth 9. Current flows in the reverse direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 4A) through the coil 7c formed on the coil 7c and the sixth tooth 9.

  Here, T4 is the motor torque when all four brushes 21a, 21a, 21b, and 21b are energized, R is the resistance of each of the coils 7a to 7f, E is the applied voltage, P is the number of pole pairs, and the circularity is When π, the number of conductors is Z, and the magnetic flux per pole is φ, the following equation is obtained.

  As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the anode brush 21a existing between the first and second segments 14a and 14b, and the cathode brush existing in the third and fourth segments 14c and 14f, respectively. When the three brushes 21b and 21b are energized, current flows through the two coils 7b and 7c.

  That is, the coil 7a formed between the first and second segments 14a and 14b and the coil 7d formed between the fourth and fifth segments 14d and 14e are short-circuited by the anode brushes 21a and 21a. The coil 7c formed on the third tooth 9 and the coil 7e formed on the fifth tooth 9 are in a non-energized state (see FIG. 5B).

On the other hand, a current flows in the forward direction through the coil 7b formed in the second tooth 9, and a current flows in the reverse direction in the coil 7f formed in the sixth tooth 9.
Here, when the motor torque when the three brushes 21a, 21b, and 21b are energized is T3, the following equation is obtained.

  As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, two brushes, an anode side brush 21a existing between the first and second segments 14a and 14b, and a cathode side brush 21b existing in the third segment 14c are arranged. When energized, current flows through the four coils 7b, 7c, 7e, and 7f.

  However, unlike the case where all the four brushes 21a, 21a, 21b, and 21b are energized, the current flowing through the coil 7e formed in the fifth tooth 9 is in the reverse direction. That is, the current flowing through the coil 7e formed on the fifth tooth 9 flows in the direction opposite to the direction in which it originally flows. Therefore, the torque in the coil 7e cancels out with the torque of either the coil 7c or the coil 7f.

  As a result, if the motor torque when the two brushes are energized is T2, T2 is the torque obtained by adding the torque of the coil 7b and the torque of either the coil 7c or the coil 7f, that is, It becomes like this.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment described above, the armature 3 of the 4-pole 6-slot 6-segment electric motor 1 is a three-phase concentrated winding having the 1-3 teeth 9 and the 1-3 segments 14a-14c. Two circuits K1, two-pole, three-slot second circuit K1, with two-pole, three-slot first circuit K1, and three-phase concentrated winding having 4-6 teeth 9 and 4-6 segments 14d-14f It consists of K2.

In addition, the winding end 40 of the third phase coil 7c of the first circuit K1 is connected to the winding start end 30 of the first phase coil 7d of the second circuit K2 having a three-phase concentrated winding structure, and The winding end 40 of the third phase coil 7f of the two circuit K2 is connected to the winding start end 30 of the first phase coil 7a of the first circuit K1.
Furthermore, the brushes 21 on the same polarity side are arranged at a mechanical angle of 180 °, and the brushes 21 on the opposite polarity side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 °.

  For this reason, the number of parallel circuits is two in one circuit, and the armature 3 is configured with four parallel circuits even in the concentrated winding method, and the four brushes 21a, 21a, 21b. , 21b are energized, current flows through the four armature coils 7 (in this first embodiment, the coils 7b, 7c, 7e, 7f), and torque (as in the normal 4-pole 6-slot concentrated winding method) Motor characteristics). On the other hand, when the three brushes are energized, current flows through the two armature coils 7 (in the first embodiment, the coils 7b and 7f). Therefore, the torque at the time of 3 brush energization can be made into the half torque at the time of 4 brush energization (refer numerical formula 1 and numerical formula 2).

Further, when the two brushes are energized, the torque can be reduced to 1/3 that of the 4-brush energization (see Equation 3).
That is, by changing the energization pattern of the four brushes 21a, 21a, 21b, and 21b, the number of windings 12 (the number of armature coils 7) through which current flows can be changed, and the magnitude of torque can be changed. It becomes possible. Therefore, even when the winding 12 is wound around the armature core 6 by the concentrated winding method, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 5 of the armature 3 can be switched.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated to the same aspect as 1st embodiment. In the second embodiment, the basic structure of the electric motor 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
Here, in the second embodiment, an 8-pole 12-slot 12-segment electric motor 1 having eight permanent magnets 4 (magnetic poles), twelve slots 11, and twelve segments 14 will be described. Also in this second embodiment, the brushes 21a, 21a, 21b, and 21b are arranged with a mechanical angle of 180 ° between the same pole sides and with an electrical angle of 180 ° between the different pole sides. .

  As shown in FIG. 7, between the 1-6th segments 14, the connecting lines 25a are respectively hung on the risers 15 corresponding to the segments 14 having the same potential (in this second embodiment, every second segment 14). It has been turned. This connection line 25a is fixed to the riser 15 by fusing.

  On the other hand, between the 7th and 12th segments 14, connecting lines 25b are respectively wound around risers 15 corresponding to the segments 14 having the same potential, and are fixed to the risers 15 by fusing. These connection lines 25a and 25b are for short-circuiting the segments 14 having the same potential for each of the circuits K1 and K2, and are wired between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6 (A portion in FIG. 1). ing.

  In other words, in this second embodiment, the armature 3 of the 8-pole 12-slot 12-segment electric motor 1 has three-phase concentrated windings having the 1-6th teeth 9 and the 1-6th segments 14a-14f and 4 poles. Two circuits K1, K2 of a six-slot first circuit K1 and a second circuit K2 having four poles and six slots in a three-phase concentrated winding having a 7th No. 7-12 tooth 9 and a No. 7-12 segment 14g-14l Is configured.

  In the armature 3 having the connecting wires 25a and 25b, for example, the first phase in which the winding 12 is wound around the first and fourth teeth 9 between the first to fifth segments 14a and 14e by the concentrated winding method, respectively. Coils 7a and 7d are formed. Then, by sequentially performing such a winding structure with the segments 14 and the two teeth to be wound being shifted, the 1-6 teeth 9 are placed between the 1-6 segments 14 of the first circuit K1. First-phase coils 7a and 7d, second-phase coils 7b and 7e, and third-phase coils 7c and 7f are formed, respectively.

On the other hand, between the 7th and 12th segments 14 of the second circuit K2, the first phase coils 7g and 7j wound around the 7th to 12th teeth 9 by the concentrated winding method and the second phase coil 7h, respectively. , 7k and third-phase coils 7i, 7l.
Here, the winding end end 40 of the third phase coil 7f of the first circuit K1 is connected to the winding start end 30 of the first phase coil 7g of the second circuit K2, and the third phase of the second circuit K2. The winding end 40 of the coil 7l is connected to the winding start 30 of the first phase coil 7a of the first circuit K1.
Therefore, according to the second embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above can be achieved.

  In the second embodiment, the winding 12 is wound in series with a series of operations around the teeth 9 (for example, the first teeth 9 and the fourth teeth 9) of the same phase in the first circuit K1, and The case where the winding 12 is wound in series by a series of operations on the teeth 9 (for example, the 7th tooth 9 and the 10th tooth 9) of the same phase in the second circuit K2 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, winding may be performed in parallel winding in which the winding 12 is wound for each tooth 9.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 of each winding 12 wound around the 1-6th tooth 9 are centered on the rotation shaft 5 with the 1-6th tooth 9 being centered. You may connect between the 7-1 segment 14 which exists in a point symmetrical position. Even when wound in this way, the armature 3 can be constituted by two circuits K1 and K2, and in addition, it is wired between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6 (A portion in FIG. 1). The winding 12 is twisted in the circumferential direction. For this reason, it is possible to eliminate the thickening between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6.

  FIG. 13 is a layout diagram of the brushes 21 a and 21 b in the 8-pole electric motor 1. As shown in the figure, in the 8-pole electric motor 1, 180 ° in terms of electrical angle becomes 45 ° in terms of mechanical angle. That is, the anode-side brushes 21a and 21a and the cathode-side brushes 21b and 21b are opposed to each other around the rotation shaft 5, and the anode-side brush 21a and the cathode-side brush 21b are spaced by 45 ° in the circumferential direction. It is arranged with a gap.

  Further, when the angle between the brushes 21a and 21b on the opposite pole sides is θ, the number of pole pairs is P, and N is 0 or a positive integer, the angle θ is θ = (180 / P) + (360 / P). It may be determined so as to satisfy × N ≦ 90 °. That is, in the 8-pole electric motor 1, since the number P of pole pairs is “4”, N is determined so as to satisfy θ = (180/4) + (360/4) × N ≦ 90 °. N = 0, and as a result, θ = 45 °.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In this third embodiment, the electric motor 1 is composed of 12 poles 18 slots 18 segments provided with 12 permanent magnets 4 (magnetic poles), 18 slots 11 and 18 segments 14. .
In addition, between the 1-9th segments 14, the connection lines 25a are connected to the segments 14 (every two segments 14) each having the same potential. On the other hand, the connecting lines 25b are connected to the segments 14 (every two segments 14) having the same potential between the 10th and 18th segments 14, respectively. And the coil | winding 12 is wound by parallel winding for every teeth 9, and two circuits K1 and K2 are formed. Each circuit K1, K2 is formed with a first-phase coil, a second-phase coil, and a third-phase coil, respectively.

  Here, among the third phase coils of the first circuit K1, the winding end 40 of the coil 7i adjacent to the second circuit K2 is connected to the first circuit K1 of the first phase coils of the second circuit K2. It is connected to the winding start end 30 of the adjacent coil 7j. The winding end 40 of the coil 7m adjacent to the first circuit K1 among the third phase coils of the second circuit K2 is adjacent to the second circuit K2 among the first phase coils of the first circuit K1. The winding start end 30 of the coil 7a to be connected is connected.

  In the third embodiment, the case where the winding 12 is wound in parallel for each tooth 9 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. A winding 12 is wound in series with a series of operations on teeth 9 (for example, No. 1 teeth 9, No. 4, teeth 9 and No. 7 teeth 9) of the same phase in one circuit K1, and the second circuit K2 The windings 12 may be wound around the teeth 9 of the same phase (for example, the 10th tooth 9, the 13th tooth 9 and the 16th tooth 9) by a series of operations.

  FIGS. 16 and 17 are layout diagrams of the brushes 21 a and 21 b in the 12-pole electric motor 1. As shown in the figure, in the 12-pole electric motor 1, 180 ° in terms of electrical angle is 30 ° in terms of mechanical angle. That is, the anode-side brushes 21a and 21a and the cathode-side brushes 21b and 21b are opposed to each other around the rotation shaft 5, and the anode-side brush 21a and the cathode-side brush 21b are spaced apart by 30 ° in the circumferential direction. They are spaced apart (see FIG. 16).

  In addition, when the angle between the brushes 21a and 21b on the opposite pole sides is θ, the number of pole pairs is P, and N is 0 or a positive integer, the angle θ is θ = (180 / P) + (360 / Since P) × N ≦ 90 ° may be satisfied, it can be arranged at two angles, N = 0 and N = 1. That is, θ = (180/6) + (360/6) × 0 = 30 (°), in addition to the case where the brushes 21a and 21b on the opposite pole sides are arranged (see FIG. 16), θ = (180 / 6) + (360/6) × 1 = 90 (°), and the brushes 21a and 21b on the opposite pole sides can be arranged in two ways (see FIG. 17).

  Here, for example, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 15, the cathode side brush 21b is arranged at an angle of θ = 30 ° with respect to the anode side brush 21a, and as shown by a solid line in FIG. In the case where the cathode side brush 21b is arranged at an angle of θ = 90 ° with respect to the brush 21a, the segments 14 in which both cathode side brushes 21b are in sliding contact are in a state of being connected to each other by a connecting line 25a. For this reason, even if the angle θ between the brushes 21a and 21b on the opposite pole sides is 30 ° or 90 °, the same segment 14 is conducted.

  Therefore, according to the third embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above can be achieved. Further, in addition to this, in the electric motor 1 in which each circuit K1, K2 has at least three segments of the same potential, the interval between the brushes is narrow and it is difficult to lay out the brush, Depending on the layout position, the layout pattern of each brush 21a, 21b can be selected. For this reason, the freedom degree of design of the electric motor 1 can be raised.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
In the first embodiment, the electric motor 1 has 4 poles, 6 slots and 6 segments, the second embodiment has 8 poles, 12 slots and 12 segments, and the third embodiment has 12 poles, 18 slots and 18 segments. Explained. However, the electric motor 1 is not limited to this, and the electric motor 1 has a three-phase concentrated winding structure and forms two circuits formed by a pair of the anode brush 21a and the cathode brush 21b, that is, the four brushes 21a, 21a, 21b, and 21b constitute two circuits K1 and K2, and the brushes on the same polarity side are arranged at a mechanical angle of 180 °, and the brushes on the opposite polarity side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 ° in the circumferential direction. It only has to be done.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where there are two layout patterns of the brushes 21a and 21b in the electric motor 1 having 12 or more poles has been described. However, when the angle between the brushes 21a and 21b on the opposite pole sides is θ, the number of pole pairs is P, and N is 0 or a positive integer, the angle θ is θ = (180 / P) + (360 / P) × Since it is only necessary to satisfy N ≦ 90 °, it goes without saying that the layout pattern of the brushes 21a and 21b in the electric motor 1 increases as the number of magnetic poles increases.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electric motor in embodiment of this invention. It is a brush arrangement drawing of the electric motor in a first embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. The operation | movement of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is an expanded view of an armature, (b) is a connection diagram. The operation | movement of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is an expanded view of an armature, (b) is a connection diagram. The operation | movement of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is an expanded view of an armature, (b) is a connection diagram. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electricity supply pattern to the armature in the conventional electric motor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electricity supply pattern to the armature in the conventional electric motor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electricity supply pattern to the armature in the conventional electric motor. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a brush arrangement | positioning figure of the electric motor in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a brush arrangement drawing of the electric motor in a third embodiment of the present invention. It is a brush arrangement drawing of the electric motor in a third embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 electric motor 2 yoke 3 armature (armature for electric motor)
4 Permanent magnet (magnetic pole)
5 Rotating shaft 6 Armature core 7 Armature coils 7a to 7m Coil 9 Teeth 11, 11a to 11e Slot 12 Winding 13 Commutator 14, 14a to 14f Segment 21 Brush 21a Anode side brush 21b Cathode side brush 25a, 25b Connecting wire (short-circuit member) )
K1 first circuit K2 second circuit

Claims (6)

A rotating shaft pivotally supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles;
A plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction to wind a winding; and an armature core having a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction;
A commutator provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a plurality of segments arranged in a circumferential direction;
An armature for an electric motor comprising four brushes for supplying power to the winding via the segment,
The armature core and the commutator are each composed of two three-phase concentrated winding circuits arranged point-symmetrically around the rotation axis,
Connect the winding end of the third phase winding of one circuit to the winding start of the first phase winding of the other circuit,
The four brushes are configured to include two sets of an anode side brush and a cathode side brush,
The electric motors are characterized in that the same-polarity-side brushes are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, and the different-polarity-side brushes are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 ° in the circumferential direction. For armature.   2. The armature for an electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic pole has four poles, the six slots are provided, and two two-pole three-slot circuits are formed.   2. The armature for an electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic pole has 8 poles, 12 slots are provided, and two 4-pole 6-slot circuits are formed.   The armature for an electric motor according to claim 3, wherein a short-circuit member that short-circuits segments having the same potential is provided for each circuit.   An electric motor comprising the armature for an electric motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A rotating shaft pivotally supported by a yoke having a plurality of magnetic poles;
A plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction to wind a winding; and an armature core having a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction;
A commutator provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a plurality of segments arranged in a circumferential direction;
Consisting of four brushes for feeding the windings through the segments,
The commutator is provided with a short-circuit member for short-circuiting the segments having the same potential, and the armature core and the commutator are two three-phase concentrated winding circuits arranged symmetrically about the rotation axis, respectively. An electric motor armature configured,
Connecting the winding end of the third phase winding of one circuit of the two three-phase concentrated winding circuits to the winding starting end of the first phase winding of the other circuit;
The four brushes are configured to include two sets of an anode side brush and a cathode side brush,
The brushes on the same pole side are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis,
The brushes on the different polar sides have an angle between each other as θ, the number of pole pairs as P, and N as 0 or a positive integer.
θ = (180 / P) + (360 / P) × N ≦ 90 °
An armature for an electric motor, wherein θ is determined so as to satisfy

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