CN113765278A

CN113765278A - Four-stage motor

Info

Publication number: CN113765278A
Application number: CN202111028742.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈晨
Original assignee: Yuyao Aosheng Motor Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Yuyao Aosheng Motor Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-02
Filing date: 2021-09-02
Publication date: 2021-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-02
Also published as: CN113765278B

Abstract

The application relates to a four-stage motor, which belongs to the technical field of motors. It includes shell, magnetic pole, rotor and at least two sets of brush subassemblies, the magnetic pole has two pairs, and is every right the magnetic pole includes N level and S level, two pairs the magnetic pole arrange in turn in shells inner wall, the rotor install in just be located two pairs in the casing between the magnetic pole, it is adjacent be formed with the magnetic field between the magnetic pole, the rotor includes rotor shaft, iron core, enameled wire and commutator, the iron core install in rotor shaft is last and be provided with five windings, the commutator install in rotor shaft one end and mutual insulation are provided with the commutator segment, the enameled wire twine in according to certain order in the winding and with commutator segment conductive contact, and five when the winding is rotatory, one the winding is in the short circuit, and remaining four winding alternating current flow direction is opposite, and is in the short circuit the winding is located outside the magnetic field. The torque is higher.

Description

Four-stage motor

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of motors, in particular to a four-stage motor.

Background

Along with the development of economy and the improvement of living standard of people, the use of electric tools in daily life is more and more popular. With the continuous improvement of the capacity of the lithium battery, in the field of low-power electric tools, the direct-current electric tools gradually replace the alternating-current electric tools, and the electric tools gradually develop towards portability and light weight.

Because the small dc motor usually adopts a combination design of two pairs of magnets and one pair of carbon brushes due to insufficient space and cost. Usually a two-stage four-winding dc motor, the windings of such a structural motor are arranged symmetrically in series. When a motor with high torque and low rotating speed is developed, enameled wires with large wire diameters are selected as rotor armature parameters, and the number of turns is large; the rotor is difficult to wind and arrange wires, the effective utilization rate of a chip groove is low, the apparent phenomenon is that the wires are high, the wires are full, the wires cannot be arranged down, and the commutator lugs cannot wrap the enameled wires, so that the problems of low energy consumption and insufficient force are solved.

The direct current electric tool provides a four-pole direct current motor in the aspects of large torque and high power consumption, solves the problem of increasing the process difficulty for winding, spot welding and balancing in the production process, and cannot effectively ensure the product quality.

In view of the above-described related art, the inventors have considered that a large-torque, high-power-consumption dc motor needs to be developed in order to alleviate the above-described problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve direct current motor's moment of torsion, this application provides a level four motor.

The application provides a level four motor adopts following technical scheme:

a four-stage motor comprises a housing, magnetic poles, a rotor and at least two groups of brush assemblies, wherein the magnetic poles are provided with two pairs, each pair of magnetic poles comprises an N stage and an S stage, the two pairs of magnetic poles are alternately arranged on the inner wall of the housing, the rotor is arranged in the shell and positioned between the two pairs of magnetic poles, a magnetic field is formed between the adjacent magnetic poles, the rotor comprises a rotor shaft, an iron core, an enameled wire and a commutator, wherein the iron core is arranged on the rotor shaft and is provided with five windings, the commutator is arranged at one end of the rotor shaft and is provided with commutator segments in an insulated way, the enameled wires are wound on the winding in a certain sequence and are in conductive contact with the commutator segments, and when five windings rotate, one winding is in short circuit, the remaining four windings alternately have opposite current flow directions, and the winding in short circuit is positioned outside the magnetic field.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the not equidirectional electric current of four winding alternate flow, correspond four alternate change's magnetic field to make the driving force direction that four windings received keep unanimous, when the rotor rotates, under the current commutation of commutator segment, the winding of short circuit though changes, still is located the corresponding region in magnetic field, other windings also change with the same mode, make the rotor when rotatory, receive four driving forces all the time, the moment of torsion and the power of rotor output are bigger, and the motor keeps less size.

Optionally, the commutator segments are ten and correspond to five windings in pairs, each commutator segment is provided with a commutator hook, the five windings are respectively set as No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5, the No. 1 winding corresponds to No. 1-1 and No. 1-2 commutator segments, the No. 2 winding corresponds to No. 2-1 and No. 2-2 commutator segments, the No. 3 winding corresponds to No. 3-1 and No. 3-2 commutator segments, the No. 4 winding corresponds to No. 4-1 and No. 4-2 commutator segments, the No. 5 winding corresponds to No. 5-1 and No. 5-2 commutator segments, the number of the commutator hook corresponds to the number of the commutator segment, one end of the enameled wire is hooked to the No. 3-1 commutator hook, the other end of the enameled wire is wound around the winding to the No. 5-2 commutator hook, at least one turn is wound on the No. 5 winding to hook the No. 5-1 commutator hook, winding around colludes and links 2-2 switching-over hook, twine at least one round in winding No. 2, collude and link 2-1 switching-over hook, collude and link 4-2 switching-over hook around winding, collude and link 4-1 switching-over hook in winding No. 4, collude and link 1-2 switching-over hook around winding, twine at least one round in winding No. 1, collude and link 1-1 switching-over hook, collude and link 3-2 switching-over hook around winding, twine at least one round in winding No. 3, collude and link in 3-1 switching-over hook finally, and the enameled wire with the switching-over hook colludes the position electricity and connects, and two sets of interval 90 degrees set up between the brush subassembly.

By adopting the technical scheme, as the interval between the brush assemblies is set at 90 degrees, and the No. 3-2 commutator segment is assumed as input current, the No. 2-1 commutator segment and the No. 2-2 commutator segment are assumed as output current, the No. 2 winding is in a short-circuit state, the current does not pass any more, the No. 2 winding is just opposite to the side of the magnetic pole and is not subjected to electromagnetic force, wherein the current direction of the circuit which is transmitted to the No. 2-1 commutator segment by the No. 3-2 commutator segment through the enameled wire is the same, the current direction on the No. 1 winding is consistent with that on the No. 4 winding corresponding to the No. 1 winding, the current direction on the No. 1 winding is consistent with that on the No. 4 winding, the current direction of the corresponding two oppositely arranged magnetic fields is consistent, the direction of the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields is consistent, the driving force is further kept to be driven to rotate along one direction, and the current direction of the circuit which is transmitted to the No. 2-2 commutator segment by the No. 3-2 commutator segment through the enameled wire is the No. 2 commutator segment is the same, correspond No. 3 windings and No. 5 windings, make current direction unanimous on No. 3 windings and No. 5 windings, because No. 3 and No. 5 are close relative settings, correspond two magnetic fields that set up relatively, because two magnetic field directions that set up relatively are unanimous, and then keep the driving force to promote rotatoryly along a direction, derive down on the same principle, the rotatory 90 degrees of rotor, also can keep the same direction of promotion, a enameled wire is winding mode repeatedly, it is more convenient to assemble, and brush quantity still less, only need minimum two pairs just can maintain four equal atress of winding.

Optionally, the shell includes casing and end cover, the confession has been seted up at the end cover middle part the delivery outlet that the rotor shaft passed, the brush subassembly set up in on the end cover, the brush subassembly has two sets ofly, and is two sets of the brush subassembly is followed end cover circumference interval angle sets up, the brush subassembly includes brush yoke, brush and elastic drive spare, the brush yoke install in the end cover is provided with the confession the slide of brush installation that slides, the slide orientation the axis direction of end cover sets up, elastic drive spare install in end cover and drive the brush is in court in the slide end cover axis direction motion.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, two brush subassemblies are as current input end and current output end, when the rotor shaft is rotatory, the brush and the commutator segment contact of difference of two brush subassemblies, thereby realize that the electric current flows the state in the winding and convert along with the rotation of winding, the brush remains the good butt state with the commutator segment all the time under the drive of elastic drive spare, the brush yoke is used for restricting the slip direction of brush, make the brush move along the slide all the time under the drive of elastic drive spare, the brush complete wear out simultaneously, just the condition of inefficacy can appear, the life-span of brush subassembly is longer.

Optionally, the elastic driving part adopts a torsion spring, the end cover is provided with a support column for the torsion spring to be sleeved with, the brush holder is provided with a sliding opening along the sliding way and running through the sliding way, one end of the torsion spring is abutted against the other end of the torsion spring, and the tail part of the electric brush is positioned in the sliding opening.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, elastic drive spare adopts the torsional spring, moreover, the steam generator is simple in structure, the driving force is stable, the length of brush simultaneously can be unanimous with the slide, elastic drive spare can not occupy the space of brush installation, the length of brush can be longer, further improve the life-span, need not be connected the interval between elastic drive spare and the brush simultaneously, centre gripping through elastic drive spare and commutator segment and the limiting action of brush yoke, can fix the brush, it is more convenient that the brush is changed, the one end that the mouth that slides supplied elastic drive spare butt brush of seting up slides along the slide, realize that elastic drive spare also can keep the butt to the brush along with the wearing and tearing of brush always.

Optionally, the end cover is provided with a mounting groove, the brush assembly is mounted in the mounting groove, and a wire leading-out port penetrating through the mounting groove is formed in one side of the end cover.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting of mounting groove for the brush subassembly of installation on the end cover obtains the protection, is favorable to the installation of brush, increases the thickness of end cover simultaneously, when making the end cover inlay to adorn in the casing, it is more stable, set up the direction in end cover one side and draw forth the mouth, make the wire for the brush power supply can draw forth from the motor lateral wall, compare in drawing forth the wire from the motor terminal surface, the form of wire is drawn forth to the side, make the wire can not influence the operation of rotor shaft.

Optionally, a wire clamping assembly is arranged in the end cover, the wire clamping assembly comprises a middle block and clamping blocks located on two sides of the middle block, a wire channel for a wire to enter and exit is formed between the clamping blocks and the middle block, and a port of the wire channel, which is far away from the circumferential direction of the end cover, is set as a wire leading-out port.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, it is fixed to carry out the centre gripping through wire centre gripping subassembly to the wire for the wire obtains better fixed before drawing forth in the casing, and the wire is difficult to drive the brush when receiving outside pulling force, also is difficult to destroy the connection status between wire and the brush, and grip block and middle block carry out the centre gripping to the wire fixed, and simple structure is effective.

Optionally, the shell still including the restriction the end cover in spacing lid in the casing, the confession has been seted up at spacing lid middle part the hole that the rotor shaft passed and install the bearing, the brush yoke deviates from the constant head tank has been seted up to the lateral wall of end cover, spacing covering is provided with the location strip, location strip location install in the constant head tank.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, spacing lid is used for restricting the end cover in the casing for the end cover installation is changed conveniently, and spacing lid trompil and installation bearing supply the rotor shaft to pass, when making the rotor shaft obtain the support, it is rotatory smooth and easy, spacing constant head tank and the cooperation of location strip of covering, it is spacing to carry out circumference to the end cover, make the end cover be difficult to rotate along with the rotor shaft together, keep the relative stillness between end cover and the casing.

Optionally, the rotor further comprises a heat dissipation part, an iron core gap is formed between adjacent windings, the heat dissipation part comprises a mounting ring part, the mounting ring part is provided with a heat dissipation plane perpendicular to the axis of the mounting ring part, the mounting ring part is sleeved outside the rotor shaft, heat dissipation fins are circumferentially arranged on the heat dissipation plane, the side wall of the mounting ring part, which deviates from the heat dissipation plane, is provided with a clamping fixing block, and the clamping fixing block is embedded in the iron core gap.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up the radiating piece, improve the heat dissipation of rotor, on the radiating piece was fixed in the iron core through centre gripping fixed block centre gripping, the fin was rotatory under the drive of rotor to the gaseous flow near the drive fin, take out the inside and outside gaseous circulation of casing through gaseous flow, thereby better heat transfer in the casing is gone out, improves the radiating effect of motor.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

the four windings alternately flow currents in different directions and correspond to four alternately changed magnetic fields, so that the directions of driving forces applied to the four windings are kept consistent, when the rotor rotates, under the current reversing action of the commutator segments, the short-circuited windings are changed and still located in the corresponding areas of the magnetic fields, other windings are changed in the same mode, the rotor is always subjected to the four driving forces when rotating, the torque and the force output by the rotor are larger, and the motor keeps a smaller size;

because the interval between the brush components is set at 90 degrees, the No. 3-2 commutator segment is assumed to be input current, the No. 2 winding is in a short-circuit state, the current does not pass any more, the No. 2 winding is right opposite to the side of the magnetic pole and does not receive electromagnetic force, the direction of the circuit current transmitted to the No. 2-1 commutator segment by the No. 3-2 commutator segment through the enameled wire is the same, the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are corresponding, so that the current direction on the No. 1 winding and the current direction on the No. 4 winding are the same, the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are close to and opposite to each other, the two magnetic fields correspondingly and oppositely arranged are the same, the driving force is kept to push and rotate along one direction, and the direction of the circuit current transmitted to the No. 2-2 commutator segment by the enameled wire by the No. 3-2 commutator segment is the same, the winding structure is characterized in that the winding structure corresponds to a No. 3 winding and a No. 5 winding, so that the current directions on the No. 3 winding and the No. 5 winding are consistent, the No. 3 winding and the No. 5 winding are close to and oppositely arranged and correspond to two oppositely arranged magnetic fields, the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields are consistent in direction, and further, the driving force is kept to push and rotate along one direction, under the derivation of the same principle, a rotor rotates by 90 degrees and also can keep the same pushing direction, an enameled wire is wound repeatedly, the assembly is more convenient, the number of electric brushes is less, and the four windings can be kept to be stressed by only two pairs at least;

the two electric brush assemblies are used as a current input end and a current output end, when the rotor shaft rotates, the electric brushes of the two electric brush assemblies are contacted with different commutator segments, so that the current flow state in the winding is converted along with the rotation of the winding, the electric brushes are always kept in a good abutting state with the commutator segments under the driving of the elastic driving piece, the electric brush frame is used for limiting the sliding direction of the electric brushes, so that the electric brushes move along a slideway all the time under the driving of the elastic driving piece, and the electric brushes are completely worn out to cause failure, the service life of the electric brush assemblies is longer, the elastic driving piece adopts a torsional spring, the structure is simple, the driving force is stable, the length of the electric brushes can be consistent with that of the slideway, the elastic driving piece can not occupy the space for installing the electric brushes, the length of the electric brushes can be longer, the service life is further prolonged, and meanwhile, the elastic driving piece and the electric brushes do not need to be connected with intervals, through the centre gripping of elastic drive spare and commutator segment and the limiting action of brush yoke, can fix the brush, it is more convenient that the brush is changed, and the one end that the mouth that slides supplied elastic drive spare butt brush that sets up slides along the slide, realizes that elastic drive spare also can keep the butt to the brush along with the wearing and tearing of brush always.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rotor in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heat sink in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a winding manner of an enamel wire in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rotor and an end cover in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an end cap in an embodiment of the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a housing; 11. a housing; 12. an end cap; 121. mounting grooves; 122. an output aperture; 123. a support pillar; 13. a limiting cover; 131. positioning holes; 132. positioning the opening; 133. a positioning bar; 2. a magnetic pole; 3. a rotor; 31. a rotor shaft; 32. an iron core; 321. a winding; 322. an iron core gap; 33. enamelled wires; 34. a heat sink; 341. a mounting ring portion; 342. a heat dissipation plane; 343. a heat sink; 344. clamping a fixed block; 35. a commutator; 351. a commutator segment; 352. a reversing hook; 353. an insulator; 4. a limiting sleeve; 5. an electric brush assembly; 51. a brush holder; 511. a slideway; 512. a sliding port; 52. an electric brush; 521. a card slot; 53. an elastic driving member; 61. an observation tank; 62. positioning the projection; 63. positioning the notch; 71. a lead-out notch; 72. a middle block; 73. a clamping block; 74. a wire passage; 75. a lead outlet; 76. a limiting bulge; 761. a guide surface; 81. and (6) positioning a groove.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-7.

The embodiment of the application discloses level four motor.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a four-stage motor comprises a shell 1, magnetic poles 2 and a rotor 3, wherein the shell 1 comprises a shell 11 and an end cover 12, the shell 11 is a cylindrical shell 11 with an opening at one end, the opening end of the shell 11 is sealed by the end cover 12, the magnetic poles 2 are installed in the shell 1, each pair of magnetic poles 2 comprises a N-stage magnetic pole and an S-stage magnetic pole, the two pairs of four magnetic poles 2 are alternately arranged on the inner wall of the shell 11 to form the alternate arrangement of the N-stage magnetic pole, the S-stage magnetic pole, the N-stage magnetic pole and the S-stage magnetic pole, a magnetic field is formed between the adjacent magnetic poles 2, and the four magnetic fields are alternately opposite along the circumferential direction of the shell 1.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the rotor 3 is installed in the housing 11 and located between the two pairs of magnetic poles 2, the rotor 3 includes a rotor shaft 31, an iron core 32, an enamel wire 33, a heat sink 34 and a commutator 35, a closed end of the housing 1 is provided with a hole for the output end of the rotor shaft 31 to penetrate through and is provided with a bearing, and the output end of the rotor shaft 31 passes through the inner ring of the bearing in an interference manner, so that the output end of the rotor shaft 31 can rotate while being supported.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the iron core 32 is mounted on the rotor shaft 31 and is provided with five windings 321, the five windings 321 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotor shaft 31 at equal angular intervals, the cross section of each winding 321 is T-shaped, meanwhile, the iron core 32 is composed of a plurality of iron sheets, the iron sheets are integrally composed of five T-shaped thin iron sheets, a hole is formed in the center of each iron sheet, the iron sheets are sleeved outside the rotor shaft 31, the T-shaped thin iron sheets on the iron sheets are mutually overlapped to form the corresponding winding 321, meanwhile, the output end of the rotor shaft 31 is sleeved with a limiting sleeve 4, the limiting sleeve 4 is sleeved in an interference manner, a layer of antirust paint is coated on the end face of the iron core 32, the limiting sleeve 4 and the iron core 32 are coated and fixed, the commutator 35 is mounted on the input end of the rotor shaft 31, and the iron core 32 is clamped through the limiting sleeve 4 and the commutator 35.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the heat sink 34 includes a mounting ring portion 341, the mounting ring portion 341 has a heat dissipation plane 342 perpendicular to an axis thereof, the mounting ring portion 341 is sleeved outside the rotor shaft 31, and heat dissipation fins 343 are circumferentially arranged on the heat dissipation plane 342, a height direction of the heat dissipation fins 343 is perpendicular to the heat dissipation plane 342, a length direction of the heat dissipation fins 343 extends radially along the mounting ring portion 341, a side wall of the mounting ring portion 341 away from the heat dissipation plane 342 is provided with clamping fixing blocks 344, an iron core gap 322 is provided between adjacent windings 321, five clamping fixing blocks 344 are provided, and the five clamping fixing blocks 344 are embedded in the five iron core gaps 322 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Referring to fig. 3, the commutator 35 is installed at an input end of the rotor shaft 31, the commutator 35 is composed of ten commutator segments 351, the ten commutator segments 351 are fixed to each other by an insulator 353 to form a circular tube and are sleeved on the rotor shaft 31, so that the ten commutator segments 351 are insulated from each other, the insulator 353 may be made of mica, the ten commutator segments 351 are arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotor shaft 31, each winding 321 corresponds to two commutator segments 351, and a commutator hook 352 is integrally provided on one side of each commutator segment 351 close to the winding 321.

Referring to fig. 5, five windings 321 are respectively set to be No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5, the No. 1 winding 321 corresponds to the No. 1-1 and No. 1-2 commutator segments 351, the No. 2 winding 321 corresponds to the No. 2-1 and No. 2 commutator segments 351, the No. 3 winding 321 corresponds to the No. 3-1 and No. 3-2 commutator segments 351, the No. 4 winding 321 corresponds to the No. 4-1 and No. 4-2 commutator segments 351, the No. 5 winding 321 corresponds to the No. 5-1 and No. 5-2 commutator segments 351, and the number of the commutator bar 352 corresponds to the number of the commutator segment 351.

Referring to fig. 5, the enamel wire 33 has one end hooked to the No. 3-1 reversing hook 352, the other end hooked to the No. 5-2 reversing hook 352 around the winding 321, at least one turn wound around the No. 5 winding 321, hooked to the No. 5-1 reversing hook 352, hooked to the No. 2 reversing hook 352 around the winding 321, hooked to the No. 2 reversing hook 352, hooked to the No. 4-2 reversing hook 352 around the winding 321, hooked to the No. 4-1 reversing hook 352, hooked to the No. 1 reversing hook 352 around the winding 321, hooked to the No. 1 reversing hook 352, hooked to the No. 3 reversing hook 352 around the winding 321, and finally hooked to the No. 3-1 reversing hook 352 around the winding 321, with the exception of the end portion directly electrically connected to the reversing hook 352, the outer insulating tube of the enameled wire 33 at the other reversing hook 352 is damaged to realize the electric connection with the hooking position of the reversing hook 352.

Referring to fig. 3, simultaneously, the reversing hook 352 is bent to the end to abut against the reversing sheet 351 after the enameled wire 33 is wound, so that the enameled wire 33 is further surrounded and limited, the outer wall of the reversing hook 352 is further wrapped with a layer of insulation 353, the enameled wire 33 is further fixed, the reversing hook 352 is wrapped and fixed, the enameled wire 33 and the reversing hook 352 are not easy to separate from each other, and the insulation 353 can be insulating glue or plaster.

In this embodiment, the enameled wire 33 is wound on each winding 321 for 17 turns.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the end cover 12 has been seted up mounting groove 121 for deviating from the lateral wall of winding 321, make end cover 12 for deviating from winding 321 one side open-ended casing 11, the coaxial delivery outlet 122 that supplies rotor shaft 31 input to pass of seting up in the middle part of end cover 12, install brush subassembly 5 in mounting groove 121, brush subassembly 5 has two sets ofly, two sets of brush subassemblies 5 are along end cover 12 circumference interval 90 degrees settings, two sets of brush subassemblies 5 correspond input current and output current.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the brush assembly 5 includes a brush holder 51, a brush 52, and an elastic driving member 53, the brush holder 51 is a square-column housing 11 having both ends penetrating therethrough, a passage inside the brush holder 51 is a slide way 511, a length direction of the slide way 511 is along a radial direction of the end cap 12, the brush 52 is a square-column copper block, the brush 52 is slidably mounted in the slide way 511, and one end of the brush 52 abuts against the commutator piece 351, and the elastic driving member 53 is mounted to the end cap 12 by using a torsion spring and drives the brush 52 to move in the slide way 511 toward an axial direction of the end cap 12.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the elastic driving member 53 is a torsion spring, the end cap 12 is provided with a supporting post 123 for the torsion spring to be sleeved with, the brush holder 51 is provided with a sliding opening 512 along the sliding way 511 and penetrating through the sliding way 511 on one side close to the elastic driving member 53, one end of the torsion spring is inserted into the groove wall of the mounting groove 121 and is limited, the other end of the torsion spring abuts against one end of the brush 52 far away from the commutator bar 351 and is located in the sliding opening 512, the brush 52 is provided with a clamping groove 521 for abutting against the end of the torsion spring, so that the end of the torsion spring is kept to push the brush 52 better.

Referring to fig. 2 and 7, simultaneously, end cover 12 sets up the observation groove 61 that link up mounting groove 121, observation groove 61 has two, two observation grooves 61 correspond two brush assembly 5, end cover 12 is provided with location arch 62 along observation groove 61 in the perisporium that deviates from mounting groove 121, location breach 63 has been seted up to casing 11 opening one end, location breach 63 is gone into to location arch 62 card, realize end cover 12's location installation, observe the existence of groove 61 simultaneously, make brush assembly 5 be in visual state, conveniently observe the wearing and tearing condition of brush 52, two location breach 63 correspond two magnetic poles 2 simultaneously, make two brush assembly 5 correspond and be located two magnetic pole 2 tops.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, a wire leading-out notch 71 penetrating through the mounting groove 121 is formed in one side of the end cover 12, the two observation grooves 61 are symmetrically arranged relative to a connecting line between the wire leading-out notch 71 and an axis of the end cover 12, a wire clamping assembly is arranged in the wire leading-out notch 71, the wire clamping assembly comprises a middle block 72 and clamping blocks 73 positioned on two sides of the middle block 72, a wire channel 74 for leading in and out a wire is formed between the clamping blocks 73 and the middle block 72, a port of the wire channel 74 far away from the circumferential direction of the end cover 12 is set as a wire leading-out port 75, a limiting protrusion 76 is arranged on the clamping block 73 in a hanging manner at the position of the wire leading-out port 75, a guide surface 761 is arranged on a side wall of the limiting protrusion 76 far away from the end cover 12, so that the wire can smoothly slide into the wire channel 74, and meanwhile, the two wires can be limited in the wire channel 74 under the limitation of the limiting protrusion 76, and the two wires enter the end cover 12 through the two wire channels 74 and are electrically connected with the two brushes 52 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the housing 1 further includes a limiting cover 13 for limiting the end cover 12 in the housing 11, a hole for the rotor shaft 31 to pass through is formed in the middle of the limiting cover 13, and a bearing is installed on the limiting cover 13, a positioning groove 81 is formed in a side wall of the brush holder 51 away from the end cover 12, a positioning hole 131 and a positioning hole 132 are formed in the limiting cover 13, a positioning strip 133 is formed between the positioning hole 131 and the positioning hole 132, the positioning strip 133 is installed in the positioning groove 81 in a positioning manner, the opening edge of the housing 11 is inwardly convex, so that the limiting cover 13 is fixed, positioning installation of the limiting cover 13 is realized, and meanwhile, the positioning strip 133 on the limiting cover 13 fixes the brush 52 holder 51, so that the brush 52 holder 51 is installed on the end cover 12 more stably.

The implementation principle of a four-stage motor in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the No. 3-2 commutator segment is input current, the No. 2-1 commutator segment and the No. 2-2 commutator segment are output current, then the No. 2 winding is in short circuit state, the current is not passed, the No. 2 winding is opposite to the side of magnetic pole and is not subjected to electromagnetic force, in which the circuit current direction of the No. 3-2 commutator segment transferred to the No. 2-1 commutator segment through enamelled wire is identical, and is correspondent to the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding, so that the current direction of No. 1 winding and No. 4 winding is identical, because No. 1 and No. 4 are close to and oppositely arranged, the two magnetic fields correspondingly and oppositely arranged are identical in direction, so that the driving force can be kept to drive and rotate along one direction, and the circuit current direction of the No. 3-2 commutator segment transferred to the No. 2 commutator segment through enamelled wire is identical, and is correspondent to the No. 3 winding and No. 5 winding, make 3 # winding and 5 # winding go up the current direction unanimous, because 3 # and 5 # are close relative setting, correspond two magnetic fields that set up relatively, because two magnetic field directions that set up relatively are unanimous, and then keep the driving force to promote rotatoryly along a direction, along with the rotation of rotor, the corresponding switching-over of electric current on every winding, the magnetic field that corresponding winding corresponds simultaneously is along with rotatory change, finally remains the driving force of syntropy all the time.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A four-stage motor is characterized in that: the magnetic pole structure comprises a shell (1), magnetic poles (2), a rotor (3) and at least two groups of brush assemblies (5), wherein the magnetic poles (2) are in two pairs, each pair of magnetic poles (2) comprises an N-level magnetic pole and an S-level magnetic pole, the two pairs of magnetic poles (2) are alternately arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1), the rotor (3) is installed in the shell (1) and positioned between the two pairs of magnetic poles (2), a magnetic field is formed between the adjacent magnetic poles (2), the rotor (3) comprises a rotor shaft (31), an iron core (32), an enameled wire (33) and a commutator (35), the iron core (32) is installed on the rotor shaft (31) and is provided with five windings (321), the commutator (35) is installed at one end of the rotor shaft (31) and is provided with commutator segments (351) in an insulating mode, the enameled wire (33) is wound on the windings (321) according to a certain sequence and is in conductive contact with the commutator segments (351), and when five windings (321) rotate, one winding (321) is in short circuit, the remaining four windings (321) alternately have opposite current flow directions, and the short-circuited winding (321) is positioned outside the magnetic field.

2. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the commutator segments (351) are ten and correspond to five windings (321) in pairs, each commutator segment (351) is provided with a commutator hook (352), the five windings (321) are respectively set to be No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5, the No. 1 winding (321) corresponds to No. 1 and No. 1-2 commutator segments (351), the No. 2 winding (321) corresponds to No. 2-1 and No. 2 commutator segments (351), the No. 3 winding (321) corresponds to No. 3-1 and No. 3-2 commutator segments (351), the No. 4 winding (321) corresponds to No. 4-1 and No. 4-2 commutator segments (351), the No. 5 winding (321) corresponds to No. 5-1 and No. 5-2 commutator segments (351), the number of the commutator hook (352) corresponds to the number of the commutator segment (351), one end of the enameled wire (33) is hooked to the No. 3-1 commutator hook (352), the other end is hooked with a No. 5-2 reversing hook (352) by winding around a winding (321), at least one turn is wound on the No. 5 winding (321), the No. 5-1 reversing hook (352) is hooked, the No. 2-2 reversing hook (352) is hooked by winding around the winding (321), at least one turn is wound on the No. 2 winding (321), the No. 2-1 reversing hook (352) is hooked, the No. 4-2 reversing hook (352) is hooked by winding around the winding (321), the No. 4-1 reversing hook (352) is hooked, the No. 1-2 reversing hook (352) is hooked by winding around the winding (321), the No. 1 winding (321) is wound by at least one turn, the No. 1-1 reversing hook (352) is hooked, the No. 3-2 reversing hook (352) is hooked by winding around the winding (321), at least one turn is wound on the No. 3 winding (321), and the No. 3-1 reversing hook (352) is finally hooked, and the enameled wires (33) are electrically connected with the hooking positions of the reversing hooks (352), and the two groups of electric brush assemblies (5) are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees.

3. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shell (1) comprises a shell (11) and an end cover (12), an output hole (122) for the rotor shaft (31) to pass through is formed in the middle of the end cover (12), the electric brush assemblies (5) are arranged on the end cover (12), two groups of the electric brush assemblies (5) are arranged, the two groups of the electric brush assemblies (5) are arranged along the circumferential direction of the end cover (12) at intervals, the electric brush component (5) comprises a brush holder (51), an electric brush (52) and an elastic driving piece (53), the brush holder (51) is arranged on the end cover (12) and is provided with a slideway (511) for the sliding installation of the electric brush (52), the slide way (511) is arranged towards the axial direction of the end cover (12), and the elastic driving piece (53) is installed on the end cover (12) and drives the electric brush (52) to move towards the axial direction of the end cover (12) in the slide way (511).

4. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: elastic drive spare (53) adopt the torsional spring, be provided with the confession on end cover (12) support column (123) that the torsional spring cover was established, seted up on brush yoke (51) along slide (511) and run through slide (512) of slide (511), the limited other end butt of torsional spring one end brush (52) afterbody is located in slide (512).

5. A four-stage machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the electric brush is characterized in that the end cover (12) is provided with a mounting groove (121), the electric brush component (5) is mounted in the mounting groove (121), and a lead leading-out opening (75) penetrating through the mounting groove (121) is formed in one side of the end cover (12).

6. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the wire clamping device is characterized in that a wire clamping assembly is arranged in the end cover (12), the wire clamping assembly comprises a middle block (72) and clamping blocks (73) located on two sides of the middle block (72), a wire channel (74) for a wire to enter and exit is formed between the clamping blocks (73) and the middle block (72), and a wire outlet (75) is formed in a port, far away from the circumferential direction of the end cover (12), of the wire channel (74).

7. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: shell (1) is still including the restriction end cover (12) in spacing lid (13) in casing (11), the confession has been seted up at spacing lid (13) middle part the hole that rotor shaft (31) passed and install the bearing, brush yoke (51) deviate from constant head tank (81) have been seted up to the lateral wall of end cover (12), be provided with location strip (133) on spacing lid (13), location strip (133) location install in constant head tank (81).

8. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: the rotor (3) further comprises a heat dissipation piece (34), an iron core gap (322) is formed between adjacent windings (321), the heat dissipation piece (34) comprises a mounting ring portion (341), the mounting ring portion (341) is provided with a heat dissipation plane (342) perpendicular to the axis of the mounting ring portion, the mounting ring portion (341) is sleeved outside the rotor shaft (31) and is circumferentially provided with heat dissipation fins (343) on the heat dissipation plane (342), the side wall of the mounting ring portion (341) departing from the heat dissipation plane (342) is provided with a clamping fixing block (344), and the clamping fixing block (344) is embedded in the iron core gap (322).