JPH10174403A - Dc machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance improvements in lowering effect of armature torque ripple and the improving effect of commutator rectifying characteristics in a concentrated winding DC motor, which uses concentrated winding as the winding method of an armature coil. SOLUTION: An armature coil 25, around which two types of armature coil groups 1A to 1C, 2A to 2C are wound concentratedly for each slot, is wave- windingconnected around six, twice as many as the number of slots, the first to sixth commutator segments 1 to 6. For example, the armature coil group 1A connected to the first commutator segment 1 is wound a plurality of times clockwise around the slot at the first teeth 24A, which is connected to the sixth commutator segment 6. The armature coil group 2B connected to the sixth commutator segment 6 is wound a plurality of times counterclockwise around the slot at the second teeth 24B, which is connected to a fifth commutator segment 5. The armature coil groups 1B, 1C, 2A and 2C are also connected, satisfying a wave-winding condition in the same way.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a DC motor such as a DC motor or a DC generator.
The present invention relates to a small DC motor with a brush driven by a 4V battery.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a DC machine (hereinafter referred to as a concentrated winding DC) in which an armature coil is wound around a plurality of slots provided on the outer periphery of an armature core at a pitch of one slot (hereinafter referred to as concentrated winding). ) Is advantageous for shortening the coil end of the armature coil and improving the space factor of the armature coil.
There has been a problem that the torque ripple (torque fluctuation) of the armature is large and the commutator has poor rectification.

In order to solve the problems of torque ripple and rectification, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
There is a DC motor disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 9944. This DC motor includes four magnetic poles, an armature core having five slots, and a commutator having fifteen commutator pieces three times the number of slots. Each slot is wound with a special five-phase armature coil that is neither a lap winding nor a wave winding.

[0004]

However, in the DC motor (prior art) disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-89944, a special five-phase armature coil that is neither a lap winding nor a wave winding is used. Since the armature is wound, there are only five electromotive force vectors induced in the five armature coils of the armature, the number being equal to the number of slots. For this reason, although the number of commutator pieces is increased, there is a problem that the effect of reducing the torque ripple of the armature and the effect of improving the commutability of the commutator cannot be obtained as expected.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a DC machine using concentrated winding as a winding method of an armature coil, which is capable of improving the effect of reducing the torque ripple of the armature and improving the rectification of the commutator. The purpose is to provide a machine.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of armature coil groups concentratedly wound for every odd number of slots are combined with a commutator piece having an integral multiple of the number of slots. By the winding, the electromotive force vector induced in the armature coil is present by being divided by the number of commutator pieces, thereby reducing the torque ripple of the armature and improving the commutator rectification. Can be improved. Furthermore, as an attendant effect of concentrated winding, for a DC machine wound with a pitch of 2 slots or more, crossing between the armature coils at the coil ends of the armature coils can be avoided, and electrical insulation between the armature coils becomes easy. In addition, there is an effect that it is possible to increase the voltage of a low-voltage DC machine with a small change.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the electromotive force vector induced in the armature coil is divided into a plurality of electromotive force vectors having the same number as the number of commutator pieces. Since the phases are substantially equally divided and the magnitudes of the electromotive force vectors are substantially the same, the effect of reducing the torque ripple of the armature and the effect of improving the rectification of the commutator can be further improved.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the number of turns of the armature coil group concentratedly wound on at least one slot or the first number of the first armature coil group concentratedly wound on at least one slot.
And the second armature coil group are concentratedly wound.
By selecting the angular pitch with the slots of the slots, there is more room to adjust the phase and magnitude of the electromotive force vector induced in the armature coil group, so that the phases of the plurality of electromotive force vectors are substantially equally divided, In addition, the magnitudes of the electromotive force vectors can be made substantially the same, and the effect of reducing the torque ripple of the armature and the effect of improving the rectification of the commutator can be further improved.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the number of turns of the armature coil group concentratedly wound in at least one slot or the first number of the first armature coil groups concentratedly wound on at least one slot.
And the second armature coil group are concentratedly wound.
And the relative error of the electric phase difference of the electromotive force vector induced in the armature coil group is set within the range of -5% to 5%, and the electromotive force vector Is set in the range of 0.95 or more and 1.05 or less, the effect of reducing the torque ripple of the armature and the effect of improving the rectification of the commutator can be further improved.

According to the present invention, when the number of slots is N and the number of magnetic poles is M, N = 2n + 1 (where n = 2n + 1).
Is an integer of 2 or more), M = N−1, or M = N + 1, and the number of slots N and the number of magnetic poles M are appropriately selected so as to satisfy the relationship of M = N−1 or M = N + 1. Since the relationship is a combination in which the armature magnetomotive force can be effectively used, the efficiency of the DC machine is improved, which is advantageous in reducing the size.

According to the present invention, at least one of the two or more first magnetic poles utilizes a permanent magnet magnetic pole, and at least one of the two or more second magnetic poles has a first magnetic pole. 2
By using a soft magnetic material magnetic pole as the magnetic pole, the amount of permanent magnet used can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Further, when the concentrated winding and the multi-polarization according to the present invention are combined to reduce the size of the DC machine, the number of parts of the permanent magnet increases, but the second magnetic pole is made of an inexpensive soft magnetic material. The increase in magnet cost can be offset.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a special soft magnetic material magnetic pole is added by using, as the soft magnetic material magnetic pole, a ridge magnetic pole in which a part of the yoke is deformed into the armature core side. And the magnetic pole can be manufactured at low cost. Also,
By using the end surface of the magnetic pole of the soft magnetic material as a positioning member for bringing the end surface of the permanent magnet into contact, positioning is facilitated and the manufacturing process can be simplified.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the magnetic pole integrated by the same magnetic pole member with the non-magnetized portion interposed between the magnetic pole arc remaining portion of the second magnetic pole and the magnetic pole arc portion of the first magnetic pole. By making a part of the yoke adjacent to a soft magnetic material magnetic pole formed by deformation processing, a part of the second magnetic pole can be made of an inexpensive soft magnetic material, and the number of permanent magnets and the amount of permanent magnet used can be reduced. .
Thereby, magnet cost can be suppressed while maintaining the performance of the DC machine.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment in which the DC motor of the present invention is applied to the simplest concentrated-pole DC motor having two poles, three slots and six segments. And FIG. 2 is a winding diagram of a wave winding of a concentrated winding DC motor having two poles, three slots and six segments, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) vector of an armature.

The concentrated winding DC motor 20 of the present embodiment is a small-sized DC motor with two poles, three slots and six segments, and a field device which will be described later and which is fixed to a fixing member (not shown). An armature core (also referred to as an armature core) 24 that is rotatably supported on the inner peripheral side and is formed by laminating thin ferromagnetic materials in an axial direction, and a plurality of cores formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 24. Armature coils (also called armature windings) wound around (three in this example) slots
Armature (also referred to as an armature) 26 having a plurality of first and second (six in this example) first insulated pieces.
To sixth commutator segment (corresponding to commutator pieces) 1 to 6
A commutator 27 made of two positive and negative brushes 31 that are in contact with and electrically connected to the surface of the commutator 27;
32.

The field device has a substantially arc-shaped cross section.
The N pole and S pole magnetic poles 21 and 22 and the two N pole and S pole magnetic poles 21 and 22 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface with an adhesive or the like, and a yoke (yoke) forming a part of a magnetic circuit is formed. 23). The N-pole magnetic pole 21 is a permanent magnet (for example, a ferrite magnet) whose magnetic pole arc is magnetized to the N pole, and the S-pole magnetic pole 22 is a permanent magnet (for example, a ferrite magnet) whose magnetic pole arc is magnetized to the S pole. The yoke 23 is formed in a cylindrical shape from a soft magnetic material such as iron. The outer circumference of the armature core 24 of the armature 26
First to third teeth (outer diameter side protruding poles) 24A to 24
C is formed so as to protrude toward the N pole and S pole magnetic poles 21 and 22.

The armature coil 25 of this embodiment is a coil in which two types (two) of armature coil groups are concentratedly wound for each slot formed between two adjacent teeth. Is connected to the wave winding. Here, the two armature coil groups 1A and 2A are coils wound around a slot around one first tooth 24A, and the two armature coil groups 1B and 2B are one second tooth. A coil concentrated around a slot around 24B, and two armature coil groups 1
C and 2C are coils wound around a slot around one third tooth 24C.

In this embodiment, as shown in the winding diagram (expanded view) of FIG. 1, the six armature coil groups concentratedly wound for each slot are divided into six first to second armature coils, twice the number of slots. The windings of the six armature coil groups 1A to 1C and 2A to 2C are wound in a winding direction to the right and traveling in the left direction as shown in the figure. Has become.

First, the armature coil group 1A connected to the first commutator segment 1 is rotated clockwise multiple times (n times: for example, 10 to 20 times) in a slot around the first teeth 24A.
Times) and connected to the sixth commutator segment 6.
That is, the combined pitch of the armature coil group 1A is 5 (segments), the total number of segments is (6) -1, and the connection is made while satisfying the wave winding condition.

The armature coil group 2B connected to the sixth commutator segment 6 is rotated counterclockwise a plurality of times (n times: for example, 10 to 20 times) in slots around the second teeth 24B.
Times) and connected to the fifth commutator segment 5. The composite pitch of the armature coil group 2B looks like 1 (segment) at first glance, but is equivalent to 5 (segment), and satisfies the wave winding condition in the same manner as above.

The armature coil group 1C connected to the fifth commutator segment 5 is rotated clockwise a plurality of times (n times: for example, 10 to 20 times) in slots around the third teeth 24C.
Times) and connected to the fourth commutator segment 4. The composite pitch of the armature coil group 1C is also equivalent to 5 (segment), and satisfies the wave condition in the same manner as above.

The armature coil group 2A connected to the fourth commutator segment 4 is rotated counterclockwise a plurality of times (n times: for example, 10 to 20 times) in slots around the first teeth 24A.
Times) and connected to the third commutator segment 3.
The composite pitch of the armature coil group 2A is also equivalent to 5 (segment), and satisfies the wave winding condition in the same manner as above.

The armature coil group 1B connected to the third commutator segment 3 is rotated clockwise a plurality of times (n times: for example, 10 to 20 times) in slots around the second teeth 24B.
Times) and connected to the second commutator segment 2. The composite pitch of the armature coil group 1B is also equivalent to 5 (segment), and satisfies the wave condition in the same manner as above.

The armature coil group 2C connected to the second commutator segment 2 is rotated counterclockwise a plurality of times (n times: for example, 10 to 20 times) in slots around the third teeth 24C.
Times) and connected to the first commutator segment 1. The composite pitch of the armature coil group 2C is also equivalent to 5 (segment), and satisfies the wave condition in the same manner as above.

[Operation and Effect of First Embodiment] Next, the state of the current flowing through the armature coil 25 and the state of the electromotive force vector induced in the armature coil 25 when operating as the concentrated winding DC motor 20 will be described. This will be described with reference to FIGS.

First, the path of the current flowing through the armature coil 25 will be described with reference to the winding diagram (developed view) of the wave winding shown in FIG. First, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 1, the first path of the electric current starts from the first commutator segment 1 that contacts the positive brush 31 connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply (not shown). Flows 1A clockwise several times (n times)
From the sixth commutator segment 6, the armature coil group 2B flows counterclockwise several times (n times) from the sixth commutator segment 6 to the fifth commutator segment 5, and from the fifth commutator segment 5 to the negative electrode. This is a current path through the side brush 32 to the negative electrode side of a DC power supply (not shown).

As shown by the arrow in FIG. 1, the second path of the electric current passes through the armature coil group 1B from the second commutator segment 2 in contact with the positive brush 31 several times in the counterclockwise direction. n) and flows to the third commutator segment 3. From the third commutator segment 3, it flows through the armature coil group 2A clockwise several times (n times) to reach the fourth commutator segment 4. Four commutator segments 4 to negative brush 32
This is the current path leading to.

The third pole located at the center of the N pole 21
Armature coil group 1 wound n times around teeth 24C
C, 2C are respectively connected to the positive brush 31 via the commutator 27.
And a short-circuited by the negative brush 32, which is a rectification period in which a rectification operation for reversing the direction of current flow is performed.

Next, the path of the current flowing through the armature coil 25 when the armature 26 rotates by one segment with respect to FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the winding diagram (expanded view) of the wave winding of FIG. First, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 2, the first path of the current flows counterclockwise through the armature coil group 2C from the second commutator segment 2 that contacts the positive brush 31 and the first commutator. The first commutator segment 1
From the armature coil group 1A to the sixth commutator segment 6, and from the sixth commutator segment 6 to the negative brush 32.

The second path of the current flows clockwise through the armature coil group 2A from the third commutator segment 3 in contact with the positive brush 31 as indicated by the arrow in FIG. Fourth commutator segment 4 flows from armature coil group 1C counterclockwise from fourth commutator segment 4 to fifth commutator segment 4.
It is a current path leading to the commutator segment 5 and from the fifth commutator segment 5 to the negative brush 32.

The second pole located at the center of the south pole 22
Armature coil group 1 wound n times around teeth 24B
B, 2B are respectively connected to the positive brush 31 via the commutator 27.
And a short-circuited by the negative brush 32, which is a rectification period in which a rectification operation for reversing the direction of current flow is performed.

As described above, the concentrated winding DC motor 20 using the wave winding as the armature winding method is located at the center of the N pole and the S pole magnetic poles 21 and 22 regardless of the rotational position of the armature 26. The armature coil 25 wound around the teeth is in a rectification period, and the armature coil 25 having a small back electromotive force is used.
As a result, even if concentrated winding is performed on a small number of teeth, a favorable rectifying action can be performed.

Next, the state of the back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) vector induced in the armature coil when the concentrated winding DC motor 20 is operating will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
The electromotive force vectors A, B, and C in FIG.
A, 1B, and 1C represent counter-electromotive forces (corresponding to the armature magneto-motive force directed vertically downward in the drawing) in the counterclockwise direction, and the direction away from the center O of the vector diagram is defined as the positive direction. On the other hand,
Electromotive force vectors -A, -B, and -C in FIG. 3 represent counter-electromotive forces generated in the armature coil groups 2A, 2B, and 2C in the clockwise direction (corresponding to the armature magnetomotive force vertically upward in the drawing). Similarly, the direction away from the center O of the vector diagram is defined as the positive direction.

The combined back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) corresponding to FIG. 1 described above can be represented by a dashed line vector in FIG. 3, and the component A of the armature coil group 1A and the armature coil group 2B -B and the component of the armature coil group 2B-
Composite value of (−A) and component −B of armature coil group 2B =
2 (AB). In addition, the combined back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) corresponding to FIG. 2 described above can also be represented by a dashed-dotted vector in FIG. 3, and the component A of the armature coil group 1A and the component A of the armature coil group 1C. Component -C, component-(-A) of armature coil group 2A and component -C of armature coil group 2C
Is 2 (A−C). Further, the combined back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) when the armature 26 is rotated by one segment with respect to FIG. 2 can be represented by a dashed-dotted line in FIG. 3, and the component of the armature coil group 1B The combined value of B and the component −C of the armature coil group 1C, and the component − (− B) of the armature coil group 2B and the component −C of the armature coil group 2C = 2 (BC).

As described above, the combined back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) is efficiently combined from the components of each armature coil group. When the armature 26 rotates by one segment (electrical angle 60 °), the combined back electromotive force is increased. The electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) vector has the same magnitude, and rotates by an electrical angle of 60 ° in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the armature 26. That is, the combined back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) vector is equally divided by the number of segments,
As described in FIG. 1 and FIG.
The armature coil group with a small back electromotive force wound around the slot located at the center of the first and second 22 can be rectified, and good rectification can be performed.

The magnitude of the magnetomotive force vector of the armature 26 is determined by changing the number of turns of each armature coil group to n (for example, 10
２０20) times, which is almost the same. With one rotation of the armature 26, the trajectory of the combined vector of the armature magnetomotive force becomes a regular hexagon as shown by a broken line in FIG. 3, and the torque ripple is relatively small. Smooth rotation is possible.

Next, a two-pole, three-slot, six-segment lap winding DC motor 30 used as a comparative example of this embodiment will be described with reference to the lap winding diagram (expanded view) of FIG. In the case of the armature 26 of the lap winding DC motor 30, as shown in FIG. 4, the two armature coil groups 1A to 1C and 2A to 2C which are concentratedly wound for each slot are 6 times as large as the number of slots. The first to sixth commutator segments 1 to 6 are connected in a clockwise direction and a rightward traveling lap winding.

For example, the armature coil group 1C connected to the first commutator segment 1 is wound clockwise multiple times (n times) around a slot around the third tooth 24C and connected to the second commutator segment 2. . Subsequently, the armature coil group 2C from the second commutator segment 2 is wound clockwise multiple times (n times) around a slot around the third tooth 24C and connected to the third commutator segment 3. That is, the composite pitch of the armature coil groups 1C and 2C is 1 (segment),
Wired to satisfy the lap winding condition. Hereinafter, similarly, the remaining armature coil groups 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B are wound so as to satisfy the lap winding condition.

Next, the state of the current flowing through the armature coil 25 when operating as the lap winding DC motor 30 will be briefly described with reference to FIG. First, as shown by an arrow in FIG.
1. The armature coil group 2C flows clockwise several times (n times) through the armature coil group 2C from the second commutator segment 2 that contacts the first armature 1 to reach the third commutator segment 3, and from the third commutator segment 3 to the armature coil group 1A. Flows clockwise several times (n times) to reach the fourth commutator segment 4.
This is a current path from the power supply to the negative brush 32.

As shown by the arrow in FIG. 4, the second path of the electric current passes through the armature coil group 2B from the first commutator segment 1 that comes into contact with the positive brush 31 several times in the counterclockwise direction. n times) to reach the sixth commutator segment 6, and from the sixth commutator segment 6, the armature coil group 1B flows counterclockwise several times (n times) to reach the fifth commutator segment 5. 5 commutator segment 5 to negative brush 32
This is the current path leading to.

In FIG. 4, the armature coil group 1C around the third teeth 24C located to the right of the N-pole 21 is
It is short-circuited by the positive brush 31 via the commutator 27, which is a commutation period. Also, in FIG.
The armature coil group 2A around the first teeth 24A located on the left side of 2 is short-circuited by the negative brush 32 via the commutator 27, and is in a commutation period.

As described above, in the case of the lap-wound DC motor 30 as in the comparative example, even with the same two-pole, three-slot, six-segment as in the present embodiment, the position deviated left and right from the center of the N pole and S pole magnetic poles 21, 22 Armature coil 25 wound around the slot
Is a rectification period, and the armature coil 25 having a large back electromotive force is rectified with respect to the concentrated wave winding used in the present embodiment. As a result, it can be seen that in the case of concentrated winding in the slot, even if the number of segments is increased, good rectification is difficult in principle.

Second Embodiment FIGS. 5 to 8 show a second embodiment in which the DC motor of the present invention is applied to a 4-pole, 5-slot, 15-segment concentrated winding DC motor. FIG. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of the wound DC motor. FIG. 6 is a wave winding diagram of the concentrated wound DC motor, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a back electromotive force (armature magnetomotive force) vector of the armature. It is.

The armature 26 of the concentrated winding DC motor 20 includes an armature core 24 which is a laminated core pressed into the outer periphery of a shaft 29 provided at the center of rotation, and five armatures formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 24. First to fifth teeth 24A to 24E
And a plurality of armature coil groups 1A to 5A, 1B to 5B, 1C to 5C, 1D to 5D, which are concentratedly wound for each tooth.
1E to 5E and a commutator 27 press-fitted to the outer periphery of the shaft 29. The commutator 27 is insulated from each other, and assembles cylindrically into fifteen first to fifteenth commutator segments 1 to 15, each of which is electrically connected to the armature coil group. The two positive and negative brushes 31, 32 (see FIG. 6) are in sliding contact.

As shown in FIG. 5, the concentrated winding DC motor 20 has two N
The pole poles 33 and 34 and the two S pole poles 35 and 36 are alternately arranged, and the yoke 23 which fixes these N pole and S pole poles 33 to 36 from the outside and forms a part of the magnetic circuit is provided. It is arranged. In FIG. 5, the brush is omitted. The magnetic pole arcs of the two N-pole magnetic poles 33 and 34 are magnetized to the N pole, and the magnetic pole arcs of the two S pole magnetic poles 35 and 36 are magnetized to the S pole.

In the present embodiment, as shown in the winding diagram (expanded view) of FIG. 6, five armature coil groups concentratedly wound for each slot are divided into fifteen first to three times the number of slots. It is a wave winding connected to the fifteenth commutator segments 1 to 15, and the winding is a clockwise running and left traveling wave winding as shown in the figure.

Here, five armature coil groups 1A to 5A
Is a coil concentratedly wound around the first tooth 24A,
The five armature coil groups 1B to 5B are the second teeth 24B.
, The five armature coil groups 1C to 5C are coils wound around the third teeth 24C, and the five armature coil groups 1D to 5D are the fourth teeth 24D. And the five armature coil groups 1E to 5E are coils wound around the fifth tooth 24E.

For example, a series of armature coil groups connected to the first commutator segment 1 will be described by distinguishing them with thick lines in FIG. The armature coil group 1A connected to the first commutator segment 1 is wound clockwise multiple times (n1 times) around a slot around the first teeth 24A and connected to the eighth commutator segment 8. That is, the combined pitch of the armature coil group 1A is 7 (segment), and the connection is made while satisfying the wave winding condition of the following equation (1).

## EQU1 ## Synthetic pitch (7) × the number of pole pairs (2) = total number of segments (15) −1

Subsequently, the armature coil group 2A connected to the eighth commutator segment 8 is wound clockwise multiple times (n2 times) around the slot around the first teeth 24A, bypassing the second teeth 24B, The armature coil group 3C is wound clockwise multiple times (n3 times) around the slots around the third teeth 24C and connected to the fifteenth commutator segment 15. The combined pitch of the armature coil group composed of the armature coil group 2A and the armature coil group 3C is also 7 (segment), and satisfies the wave winding condition in the same manner as above.

Subsequently, the armature coil group 4A connected to the fifteenth commutator segment 15 is wound clockwise several times (n3 times) around the slot around the first tooth 24A, bypassing the second tooth 24B, Armature coil group 5C is rotated clockwise multiple times in slots around third teeth 24C (n2 times)
It is wound and connected to the seventh commutator segment 7. The combined pitch of the armature coil group composed of the armature coil group 4A and the armature coil group 5C is also 7 (segment), which satisfies the wave winding condition as above. FIG.
Similarly, the remaining armature coil groups other than the middle thick line are wound so as to satisfy the wave winding condition.

Next, the state of the current flowing through the armature coil when operating as the concentrated winding DC motor 20 will be described with reference to FIG. First, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 6, the first path of the current starts from the first commutator segment 1 that contacts the positive brush 31 connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply (not shown). 1A flows clockwise several times (n1 times) to reach the eighth commutator segment 8, from which the armature coil group 2A flows clockwise several times (n2 times) through the armature coil group 2A, and the second teeth It bypasses 24B and flows clockwise several times (n3 times) through the armature coil group 3C to reach the fifteenth commutator segment 15.

The fifteenth commutator segment 15
Flows through the armature coil group 4A clockwise several times (n3 times), bypasses the second teeth 24B, and moves through the armature coil group 5C.
Flows clockwise several times (n2 times) to reach the seventh commutator segment 7. Then, the armature coil group 1C flows from the seventh commutator segment 7 clockwise several times (n1 times) through the armature coil group 1C to reach the fourteenth commutator segment 14, and the armature coil group 2C is separated from the fourteenth commutator segment 14. It flows clockwise several times (n2 times), bypasses the fourth tooth 24D, flows clockwise several times (n3 times) through the armature coil group 3E,
This is a current path from the commutator segment 6 through the negative brush 32 to the negative side of the DC power supply.

As shown by the arrow in FIG. 6, the second path of the current flows from the second commutator segment 2 in contact with the positive brush 31 to the armature coil group 1D several times counterclockwise ( n1 times) to reach the tenth commutator segment 10, and from the tenth commutator segment 10, it flows counterclockwise through the armature coil group 5D (n2 times), bypasses the third teeth 24C, and turns the armature coil It flows through the group 4B counterclockwise several times (n3 times) to reach the third commutator segment 3. And, from the third commutator segment 3, the armature coil group 3
D flows counterclockwise several times (n3 times), and the third teeth 24
C, and turns the armature coil group 2B counterclockwise several times (n
Twice) to reach the eleventh commutator segment 11.

Then, the eleventh commutator segment 11
Flows counterclockwise through the armature coil group 1B (n1 times) to reach the fourth commutator segment 4, from which the armature coil group 5B is turned counterclockwise (n2 times) from the fourth commutator segment 4. The flow detours the first teeth 24A and flows counterclockwise through the armature coil group 4E a number of turns (n3 times) to form the twelfth.
Commutator segment 12 is reached. The twelfth commutator segment 12 flows counterclockwise through the armature coil group 3B (n3 times) through the armature coil group 3B, bypasses the first teeth 24A, and turns the armature coil group 2E counterclockwise several times (n2 times). This is a current path that flows from the fifth commutator segment 5 to the negative brush 32.

Also, the number of turns n1 to n3 of the armature coil group
Has the relationship of the following equation 2 for the reason described later with reference to FIG.

## EQU2 ## n1: n2: n3 = 3: 2: 1

In FIG. 6, three arrows indicating the direction of current flow correspond to the number of turns of the armature coil group.
Two and one arrows distinguished. The armature coil groups 1E and 5E around the fifth tooth 24E located at the center of the N pole magnetic pole 33 are short-circuited by the negative brush 32 via the commutator 27 and the armature coil group 4C. Period.

As described above, according to the armature winding method of this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the armature coil group of the teeth located at the center of the magnetic pole has the commutation period.
As a result of rectification of the armature coil having a small back electromotive force, good rectification is possible even when concentrated winding is performed on the teeth. on the other hand,
The armature coil groups 5A, 4D, 3A, and 2D, which are short-circuited by the positive brush 31 and are in the commutation period, all have the first and fourth teeth 24A and 24D adjacent to the fifth tooth 24E.
Since the number of turns n2 and n3 is small, the back electromotive force is relatively small and good rectification is possible.

Next, FIG. 7 shows the state of the armature magnetomotive force vector induced in the armature coil when the concentrated winding DC motor 20 is operating. The electromotive force vector A in FIG.
B, C, D, and E respectively represent the armature coil group 1 described above.
A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E are turned several times clockwise (n1
Time) This represents the armature magnetomotive force generated vertically by the flowing current, and the direction away from the center O of the vector diagram is defined as the positive direction. The phase difference between the electromotive force vectors is about 2π / 5 in mechanical angle. On the other hand, the subscripted electromotive force vectors A1 to E3 represent a combined value of the armature magnetomotive force generated by the two armature coil groups as described later.
The following description is made with reference to the example of the electromotive force vector A3 and the electromotive force vector B1.

The electromotive force vector A3 is applied to the armature coil group (corresponding to the first armature coil group) 3A wound around the first tooth (corresponding to the first slot) 24A several times clockwise. (N3 times) A magnetomotive force component a2 directed vertically downward on the paper generated by the flowing current, and an armature coil group (corresponding to the second armature coil group) wound around the second teeth (corresponding to the second slot) 24B S2) is a composite value of the magnetomotive force component d1 in the vertical direction on the paper, which is generated by the current flowing through the 2D clockwise several times (n2 times), and the magnitude of the electromotive force vector A3 is determined by the
And the electromotive force vector A and the electromotive force vector A
The phase difference from 3 is about 2π / 15 in mechanical angle.

On the other hand, the electromotive force vector B1 is the armature coil group (corresponding to the first armature coil group) 4 concentratedly wound around the second teeth (corresponding to the first slot) 24B.
A magnetomotive force component b3, which is generated by a current flowing clockwise several times (n3 times) to B in the vertical direction on the paper, and an armature coil group (second winding) concentrated around the fourth teeth (corresponding to the second slot) 24D 5D)
Is the combined value of the magnetomotive force component d4 in the vertical direction on the paper, which is generated by the current flowing clockwise several times (n2 times). For the same reason, the magnitude of the electromotive force vector B1 is substantially the same as the electromotive force vectors A and B And the phase difference between the electromotive force vector B and the electromotive force vector B1 is about 2π / 15 in mechanical angle. Thus, the electromotive force vector A3 and the electromotive force vector B
1 indicates that the electromotive force vectors A and B are equally divided into three. In addition, the direction in which the electromotive force vector A3 and the electromotive force vector B1 move away from the center O of the vector diagram is defined as the positive direction.

By the way, the magnitude of the electromotive force vector A3 is based on the fact that the magnitudes of the vector components a2 and d1 are in accordance with the following equation (3) from the relationship of the turns ratio.

| A2 | = | A | / 3 | d1 | = | A | × 2/3 Further, the angle between the vector components a2 and d1 is π−π / 5
Focusing on, the following equation is obtained by the cosine theorem.

[0062]

│A3│ = 0.957 × │A│ The other electromotive force vectors are the same, so that the relative ratio between the magnitudes of the electromotive force vectors A1 to E3 and the electromotive force vectors A to E is 0.95 to 0.95. It can be within the range of 1.05.

The angle θ between the electromotive force vector A and the electromotive force vector A3 is obtained as follows. The angle between the electromotive force vector A3 and the vector component d1 is α, and the electromotive force vector A3, the vector component d1 and the vector component a2
By applying the sine theorem to the triangle consisting of, the above α is obtained as in the following equation (5).

[0064]

Α = 11.8 deg From this, the angle θ formed between the electromotive force vector A and the electromotive force vector A3 is obtained by the following equation (6).

[0065]

Θ = π / 5−α = 24.2 deg The same applies to other electromotive force vectors, and the relative error with respect to an angle (24 deg) obtained by dividing 360 ° into 15 is −1% to 1
%.

As described above, by selecting the number of turns of the armature coil group and the angular pitch of the slots for winding the armature coils so as to satisfy a predetermined relationship, the armature coils 25 concentratedly wound in one slot are selected. Vectors A to E induced by armature current flowing through the first armature coil group, and a first armature coil group concentratedly wound around the first slot and a second armature coil group concentratedly wound around the second slot The relative ratio of the magnitude of the magnetomotive force vectors A1 to E3 induced by the armature current flowing through the armature coil 25 and the relative error of the angle can be kept within a predetermined range.
Therefore, with one rotation of the armature 26, the locus of the electromotive force vector becomes a substantially regular pentagon, and a smooth rotation with little torque ripple becomes possible.

Although the above description has been made from the viewpoint of mechanical vectors with reference to FIG. 7, the electric phase difference has the effect of being electrically doubled because the number of magnetic poles is four (two pole pairs). The armature coil 25 of this embodiment is wave-connected to odd segments, and the magnetomotive force vectors A to E and A1 to E3 divide 360 ° into an odd number (15). Are cancelled, the electrical relative angle (electrical phase difference) between the magnetomotive force vectors is also 24 °, and the above description holds for the electrical angle.

Next, a method of arranging the armature coil group on the armature core 24 will be described with reference to the schematic winding diagram of FIG. The portion surrounded by a square in FIG. 8 schematically represents a cross section of the armature coil group. Hereinafter, the armature coil groups 1A to 5A wound around the first teeth 24A will be described as an example. .

In the slot around the first teeth 24A, n1
The armature coil groups 3A and 4A are provided n3 times (for example, 4 times) below the armature coil group 1A that is concentratedly wound (for example, 12 times).
Times) are arranged in a concentrated manner, and are further arranged outside the armature coil groups 1A, 3A, 4A.
Are concentratedly wound n2 times (for example, 8 times).
Although not shown in FIG. 8, a process such as interposing an insulating member made of insulating paper or resin powder coating is performed between each armature coil group and the armature core 24.

As described above, a total of five types of armature coil groups are wound around one tooth, the first armature coil group 1A is responsible for the magnetomotive force vector A, and the second armature coil group 2A is responsible for a part of the magnetomotive force vector C3 (vector component a1 in FIG. 7), and the third armature coil group 3A is responsible for a part of the magnetomotive force vector A3 (vector component a2 in FIG. 7).
), The fourth armature coil group 4A takes part of the magnetomotive force vector A1 (vector component a3 in FIG. 7), and the fifth armature coil group 5A takes part of the magnetomotive force vector D1 (see FIG. 7). 7 is responsible for the vector component a4).

Next, how the magnetomotive force vector is divided into three parts per tooth will be described.
A description will be given corresponding to A1 and A3. First, as described above, the armature coil group 1A concentratedly wound around one first tooth 24A is responsible for the magnetomotive force vector A. The magnetomotive force vector A1 is composed of an armature coil group 4A wound around the first teeth 24A (vector component a3 in FIG. 7) and an armature coil group 5C wound n times around the third teeth 24C (vector vector in FIG. 7). Component c4) is responsible.

The magnetomotive force vector A3 is divided into an armature coil group 3A wound around the first teeth 24A (vector component a2 in FIG. 7) and an armature coil group 2D wound n times around the fourth teeth 24D (FIG. 7). The vector component d1) in the middle is responsible. By connecting a predetermined number of turns of armature coil groups (close to electric phase) at an angular position suitable for synthesizing a magnetomotive force vector among the armature coil groups divided as described above, one tooth Are divided into three magnetomotive force vectors.

In this embodiment, 3 teeth per tooth
Is divided into four magnetomotive force vectors, but by a similar method, it can be divided into four or more magnetomotive force vectors per tooth, and the number of magnetic poles and slots (teeth)
When the number was determined, the armature winding method of this embodiment was used for DC machines under various conditions by selecting the number of vector divisions, that is, the number of segment divisions so as to match the wave winding conditions. Armature coils can be applied.

[Third Embodiment] FIG. 9 shows a DC machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment applied to a 4-pole, 5-slot, 15-segment concentrated winding DC motor, and FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing the entire configuration of the concentrated winding DC motor.

The field device of the concentrated winding DC motor 20 according to the present embodiment includes two N-pole magnetic poles (corresponding to first magnetic poles) 33 and 34 which are arranged on the outer periphery of the armature 26 with a gap therebetween. The two S-pole magnetic poles (corresponding to the second magnetic pole) 41 and 42 and the cylindrical yoke 23 for fixing these N-pole and S-pole magnetic poles 33, 34, 41 and 42 from outside with an adhesive or the like. Have. For the two N-pole magnetic poles 33 and 34, permanent magnet magnetic poles having an arc-shaped cross section and made of a permanent magnet material such as a ferrite magnet are used. As the two S-pole magnetic poles 41 and 42, soft magnetic material magnetic poles having an arc-shaped cross section and made of a soft magnetic material such as iron are used.

Therefore, the field device of the concentrated winding DC motor 20 according to the present embodiment can reduce the amount of the permanent magnet used to half that of the second embodiment, which is advantageous in cost, and The manufacturing cost of the device can be reduced.
In addition, when the concentrated winding and multi-polarization according to the present invention are combined to reduce the size of the DC machine, the number of parts of the permanent magnet increases, but one of the N pole magnetic pole and the S pole magnetic pole is increased. By using one side magnetic pole as an inexpensive soft magnetic material magnetic pole, an increase in magnet cost due to multipolarization can be offset.

[Fourth Embodiment] FIG. 10 shows a fourth embodiment in which the DC motor of the present invention is applied to a 4-pole, 5-slot, 15-segment concentrated winding DC motor, and FIG. 10 shows a concentrated winding DC motor. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an overall configuration of the embodiment.

In the field device of the concentrated winding DC motor 20 of the present embodiment, a soft magnetic material (for example, iron) is used as the soft magnetic material magnetic pole.
S-pole magnetic poles (corresponding to second magnetic poles) 43 and 44 of ridges deformed by press molding or the like so as to protrude two opposing portions of the yoke 23 toward the inner diameter side (the armature 26 side).
I use. In addition, standing wall portions 45 and 46 are formed on both end surfaces of the magnetic pole arcs of the S pole magnetic poles 43 and 44 so as to protrude from the yoke 23 toward the inner diameter side (the armature 26 side).

Therefore, in the field device of the concentrated winding DC motor 20 of the present embodiment, the S pole magnetic poles 43 and 44 are formed integrally with the yoke 23. Special S poles 41, 42 provided separately
This eliminates the need for an assembling operation of assembling the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 23, thereby further reducing the manufacturing cost of the field device. Further, if the shape of the upright wall portions 45, 46 extending from the yoke 23 to the S-pole magnetic poles 43, 44 is made into the shape shown in FIG. 10, the width of the yoke 23 can be reduced. Can be approached.
This makes it possible to provide compatibility between the two-pole compact DC motor and the four-pole concentrated winding DC motor 20.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 11 shows a fifth embodiment in which the DC motor of the present invention is applied to a 4-pole, 5-slot, 15-segment concentrated winding DC motor. FIG. 11 shows a concentrated winding DC motor. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an overall configuration of the embodiment.

The field device of the concentrated winding DC motor 20 according to the present embodiment includes two soft magnetic material S poles (corresponding to soft magnetic material poles) 52 provided with upright walls 50 and 51 on both end surfaces. 53
And the upright wall 5 of the soft magnetic material S-pole magnetic poles 52 and 53.
Two S pole magnetized portions 54 and 55 adjacent to 0 and 51 (corresponding to the remaining portion of the magnetic pole arc of the second magnetic pole);
The two N-pole magnetized portions (corresponding to the magnetic pole arc portion of the first magnetic pole) 56 and 57 having polarities different from 53, and the S-pole magnetized portions 54 and 55 and N
Non-magnetized portions 58 and 59 are provided between the pole magnetized portions 56 and 57 and are not magnetized.

In the present embodiment, the S-pole magnetized portion 54,
Non-magnetized portions 58, 5 between 55 and N-pole magnetized portions 56, 57
9 are integrated by the same magnetic pole member (resin or sintered material) to form permanent magnet magnetic poles 61, 62 adjacent to the standing walls 50, 51 of the soft magnetic S magnetic poles 52, 53. . If the permanent magnet magnetic poles 61 and 62 are described as a single pole pair, the permanent magnet magnetic pole 61 has the same magnetic pole member as two poles in the order of the N pole magnetized portion 56, the non-magnetized portion 58, and the S pole magnetized portion 54. It is magnetized.

As shown, the S pole magnetized portions 54 and 55
Is approximately half of the magnetic pole arc of the N-pole magnetized portions 56 and 57, and the S-pole magnetized portions 54 and 55 bear the magnetic flux on the demagnetization side due to the armature magnetomotive force. On the other hand, the soft magnetic material S-pole magnetic poles 52 and 53 bear the magnetic flux on the magnetizing side due to the armature magnetomotive force.

According to the present embodiment, as compared with the third and fourth embodiments, the soft magnetic material S-pole magnetic poles 52 and 53 are responsible for the magnetized side, and the magnetic flux on the demagnetized side is the S-pole magnetized portion 54, With the magnetic pole configuration assigned to 55, the magnet cost can be reduced while maintaining the motor performance of the concentrated winding DC motor 20. Further, since the end surfaces of the standing wall portions 50, 51 of the soft magnetic material S pole magnetic poles 52, 53 are used as positioning members for bringing the end surfaces of the permanent magnet magnetic poles 61, 62 into contact, the positioning of the permanent magnet magnetic poles 61, 62 becomes easy, There is also an effect that the manufacturing process of the field device can be simplified.

[Other Embodiments] The concentrated winding DC motor 20 having the number of magnetic poles = 2 and the number of slots = 3 is the first embodiment, and the concentrated winding DC motor 2 having the number of magnetic poles = 4 and the number of slots = 5 is described above.
Although the case of 0 has been described in the second to fifth embodiments, other combinations are also possible. Hereinafter, a combination embodiment in which the number of effective magnetic poles M and the number of slots (teeth) N are described.

How much the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole can be effectively used should be originally considered from the viewpoint of both the short winding factor and the distributed winding factor of the AC machine, but for simplicity, only the short winding factor is used. explain. Assuming that the short winding factor is kp, the following expression (relational expression) holds for kp, the number of magnetic poles M, and the number of slots N.

Kp = sin {(π / 2) × (M / N)} Based on the above equation 7, the number of magnetic poles is M = 2 to 10, and the number of slots is 3 to 11. The result of calculating the coefficient kp is shown in the upper part of the frame of Table 1.

[Table 1] From Table 1 above, it can be seen that the short-pitch winding coefficient kp is large for combinations of M and N close to the diagonal line of the table. In Table 1, shaded lines indicate combinations in which M / N is an integer and the number of segments that satisfies the wave condition is not present. The horizontal line is M / N> 2, M
/N<0.5 indicates a combination having a poor magnetic flux effective utilization rate.

Thus, from Table 1, when the combination of M and N whose effective flux utilization is large and the short-pitch winding coefficient kp is 0.9 or more is extracted, (M, N) = (4,5), (M 6,
5), (6,7), (8,7), (8,9), (10,
9), (10, 11), and both satisfy kp ≧ 0.95. Incidentally, (M, N) = (4, 5) corresponds to the second to fifth embodiments, kp = 0.95, and the distributed winding coefficient kd
Is an estimated value of 0.96. From this, kp × kd =
0.91, which indicates that a magnetic flux of 90% or more of the magnetic pole can be effectively used. (Note that kd is determined by the same method as the calculation of the magnitude of the electromotive force vector A3.)

From the above, when the combination of M and N, in which the short-pitch winding coefficient kp corresponds to 0.95 or more and the magnetic flux effective utilization rate is good, is obtained, the number N of slots (teeth) is N = 2n + 1
(N ≧ 2) and the number of magnetic poles M is M = N−1 or M =
This is the case of N + 1. When the relationship between the number N of slots (teeth) and the number M of magnetic poles is the above combination, the armature magnetomotive force can be used effectively, so that the efficiency is improved.
This is advantageous in reducing the size of a concentrated winding DC motor 20 such as a brush-type small DC motor or a DC machine such as a DC generator, which is driven by a V DC power supply (battery). The number of segments s can be satisfied when the above-described wave winding condition is satisfied with respect to the number of magnetic poles M and the number of slots (teeth) N,
The number of possible segments s is shown in the lower part of the frame in Table 1.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a development view of a wave-wound armature of a concentrated winding DC motor (first embodiment).

FIG. 2 is a development view of a wave-wound armature of the concentrated winding DC motor (first embodiment).

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a back electromotive force vector of an armature (first embodiment).

FIG. 4 is a development view of a lap winding armature of a concentrated winding DC motor (comparative example).

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a general configuration of a concentrated winding DC motor (second embodiment).

FIG. 6 is a development view of a wave-wound armature of a concentrated winding DC motor (second embodiment).

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a back electromotive force vector of an armature (second embodiment).

FIG. 8 is a schematic winding diagram showing an armature of a concentrated winding DC motor (second embodiment).

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing an entire configuration of a concentrated winding DC motor (third embodiment).

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a general configuration of a concentrated winding DC motor (fourth embodiment).

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an entire configuration of a concentrated winding DC motor (fifth embodiment).

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 first commutator segment (commutator piece) 2 second commutator segment (commutator piece) 3 third commutator segment (commutator piece) 4 fourth commutator segment (commutator piece) 5 fifth commutator segment (Commutator piece) 6 6th commutator segment (commutator piece) 20 Centrally wound DC motor (DC machine) 21 N pole magnetic pole 22 S pole magnetic pole 23 Yoke (yoke) 24 Armature core 25 Armature coil 26 Armature 27 Commutator 31 Positive side brush 32 Negative side brush 1A Armature coil group 2A Armature coil group 1B Armature coil group 2B Armature coil group 1C Armature coil group 2C Armature coil group 24A First tooth 24B Second tooth 24C 3rd tooth

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A DC machine comprising: a yoke connecting a plurality of magnetic poles; an armature that performs a relative rotational motion with the plurality of magnetic poles; and a brush that supplies power to the armature. The armature has an armature core having an odd number of slots on a side facing the plurality of magnetic poles, and has a commutator piece having a number equal to or more than twice the number of the slots and an integral number of times. A commutator having a brush slidably contacting a surface thereof; and an electric motor comprising a plurality of armature coil groups, each of which is concentratedly wound at a pitch of one slot for each slot, and which is larger than the number of slots, and which is wave-connected to the commutator. A DC machine comprising: a slave coil. 2. The DC machine according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of armature coil groups are divided and connected to be equal in number to the number of the commutator pieces. The power vector is divided into a plurality of electromotive force vectors of the same number as the number of the commutator pieces, the phases of the plurality of electromotive force vectors are substantially equally divided, and the magnitudes of the plurality of electromotive force vectors are substantially equal. DC machine characterized by being the same. 3. The DC machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature coil group is composed of an armature coil wound around at least one slot or concentrated in a first slot. The first armature coil group wound around the first armature coil group and the second armature coil group closely connected to the first armature coil group and having an electrical phase close to each other are concentratedly wound around the second slot. DC machine characterized by becoming. 4. The DC machine according to claim 2, wherein a relative error of an electrical phase difference between the plurality of electromotive force vectors is within a range of −5% to 5%, and A DC machine, wherein a relative ratio of magnitudes of the electromotive force vectors is in a range from 0.95 to 1.05. 5. The DC machine according to claim 1, wherein when the number of slots is N and the number of magnetic poles is M, N = 2n + 1 (where n is an integer of 2 or more). A DC machine satisfying a relationship of N-1 or M = N + 1. 6. The DC machine according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of magnetic poles are disposed between two or more first magnetic poles and two adjacent first magnetic poles, and the two or more magnetic poles are arranged between the two first magnetic poles. And two or more second magnetic poles having different polarities, wherein at least one first magnetic pole of the two or more first magnetic poles is a permanent magnet magnetic pole formed by a permanent magnet, A DC machine, wherein at least one of the two or more second magnetic poles is a soft magnetic material magnetic pole formed of a soft magnetic material. 7. The DC machine according to claim 6, wherein the soft magnetic material magnetic pole is a ridge magnetic pole formed by deforming a part of the yoke so as to protrude toward the armature core. A DC machine characterized by that: 8. The DC machine according to claim 7, wherein one magnetic pole of the plurality of magnetic poles is adjacent to the soft magnetic material magnetic pole and has the same polarity as the soft magnetic material magnetic pole. A magnetic pole arc remaining portion of the second magnetic pole, a magnetic pole arc portion of the first magnetic pole having a different polarity from the soft magnetic material magnetic pole, and a non-magnetized portion provided between the magnetic pole arc remaining portion and the magnetic pole arc portion and not magnetized. Characterized by the same magnetic pole member.