JP4959549B2 - ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4959549B2 JP4959549B2 JP2007506704A JP2007506704A JP4959549B2 JP 4959549 B2 JP4959549 B2 JP 4959549B2 JP 2007506704 A JP2007506704 A JP 2007506704A JP 2007506704 A JP2007506704 A JP 2007506704A JP 4959549 B2 JP4959549 B2 JP 4959549B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polyol
- graft
- polyurethane foam
- hydroxyl value
- koh
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 254
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 253
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 93
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 26
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 22
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- -1 peroxide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 11
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZVEMLYIXBCTVOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)-3-prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 ZVEMLYIXBCTVOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005903 polyol mixture Polymers 0.000 description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(ethyl)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OCC AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopteridin-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=N1 HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIQWTZQWBGDRQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C IIQWTZQWBGDRQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXNUJYHFQHQZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluenediamine group Chemical group C1(=C(C(=CC=C1)N)N)C AXNUJYHFQHQZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl) diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/632—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
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Description
a)ポリイソシエネートと、
b)以下の成分の存在下にイソシアンート基と反応可能な少なくとも2個の水素原子を有する化合物、
c)触媒、
d)発泡剤、
を反応させることによって(ここで、イソシアンート基と反応可能な少なくとも2個の水素原子を有する化合物が、少なくとも1種の極性グラフトポリオールを含む。)ポリウレタンフォーム、特に、独立気泡(closed-cell)であることが好ましい硬質ポリウレタンフォームを製造するための方法を提供する。
1)スピンドルCC25DIN(スピンドル径:12.5mm;測定シリンダーの内径:13.56mm)を使用し、回転粘度計Rheotec20により、50 1/sの剪断速度で、25℃で、ポリオールの粘性を測定した。
2)グラフトポリオール及びグラフトポリオール混合物の固体含有量を、重量測定によって測定した。この目的のために、遠心チューブ(centrifuge tube)にて約2gのグラフトポリオールを、約80gのイソプロパノール又はメタノール中に分散させた。次に固体を、高速遠心機Sorvall RC26Plus内で、20000rpmで分散させた(44670g)。固体上に存在する液体相を移した後、固体をイソプロパノール又はメタノール中に再度分散させ、次に遠心分離を行いそして液体相を除去した(二回以上)。真空乾燥炉内にて、80℃及び<1mbarの圧力で少なくとも2時間、固体を乾燥させた後、分離した固体の質量と使用したグラフトポリオールの質量とから固体含有量の百分率を計算した。
3)ポリオールとマクロマーの誘電率ε’をDIN53483に従い測定した。23℃及び1000Hzで測定した値を記録した。
4)硬さ(curing)をくぼみ(indentation)試験で測定した。この目的のために、ポリスチレンカップ内で成分を攪拌させた後、2、3及び4分後に生成したフォーム中に、伸長/圧縮試験装置を使用して、半径が10mmの半球状端を有する鋼製インデンターを10mmの深さに押圧した。この押圧に必要な最大力Nが、フォームの硬さの測定値である。2、3及び4分後の各測定最大値のすべてを記録した。
5)流動性をホース試験で測定した。この目的のために、成分を混合して得られた100gの反応混合物を、直径が45mmの合成樹脂ホース内に注ぎ、そしてホースを閉鎖した。合成樹脂ホース内の流路(flow path)の長さ(cm)が流動性の測定値である。
6)DIN52616に従い、熱伝導性を測定した。試験片を製造するために、ポリウレタン反応混合物を22.5×22.5×22cm(10%の過剰挿入)の寸法を有する型中に注ぎ、そして、数時間後、中央部から20×20×5cmの寸法を有する試験片を切り取った。
7)DIN53421/DINENISO604に従い、圧縮強さを測定した。
8)ISO4590に従い、独立気泡の割合を測定した。
9)フォーム構造/フォームの微細気泡特性の目視評価。1:非常に微細な気泡;2:微細気泡;3:僅かに粗い気泡;4:粗い気泡。
10)サンドイッチ素子中に底部欠陥部(bottom defect)又は欠損部が形成される傾向の目視評価。1:非常になめらかな表面で、サンドイッチ素子の下側に底部欠陥部/欠損部がない;2:サンドイッチ素子の下側に、非常にまばらな、僅かな底部欠陥部/欠損部がある;3:サンドイッチ素子の下側に、底部欠陥部/欠損部が幾分ある;4:サンドイッチ素子の下側に、全領域にわたって、重要な底部欠陥がある。
11)ベルトの端部におけるサンドイッチ素子の硬化の評価:1:24時間後、素子の厚さの変化が極微;2:24時間後、素子の厚さが軽微にある;3:24時間後の素子の変化が相当にある。
12)DIN4102に従い、小型バーナー試験において、燃焼特性を測定した。
水分含有量が、<0.02質量%であるベースポリオールを、カルシウムナフタレン(ベースポリオールに対して0.5質量%)及び無水マレイン酸(ベースポリオール1モル当たり0.8モル)と混合した。攪拌中、窒素雰囲気下において、反応混合物を125℃に加熱した。続く2時間の反応時間の間、マレイン酸のベースポリオールとのモノエステルが形成された。反応混合物を143℃にまで加熱した後、過剰のプロピレン(無水マレイン酸のモラー量の4.4倍)を加えた。混合物を更に8時間反応させた。反応時間の最後に、過剰のプロピレンオキシドを減圧下に除去し、製造物を25℃にまで冷却させ、そして抗酸化剤(antioxidant)で安定化させた。
水分含有量が<0.02質量%のベースポリオールを、80℃の温度で、エステル化触媒としてのジブチルチンジラウレート及び、3−イソプロペニル−α、α−ジメチルベンジルイソシアネート(TMI)(ベースポリオール1モル当たり、0.8モル)と、攪拌しながら混合した。混合物を80℃で更に1時間攪拌した。次に、燐酸を加えて触媒を不活性にし、そして製造物を25℃にまで冷却し、そして抗酸化剤で安定化させた。
水分含有量が、<0.02質量%のベースポリオールを80℃の温度で、エステル化触媒としてのジブチルチンジラウレート及び、TDI(トルエン2,4−及び2,6−ジイソシアネート及び対応する異性体)と、攪拌しながら混合した。次に、3−イソプロペニル−α、α−ジメチルベンジルイソシアネート(TMI)を加えた。イソシアネートの合計量は、ベースポリオール1モル当たり0.8モルであった。混合物を80℃で更に1時間攪拌した。次に、燐酸を加えて触媒を不活性にし、そして製造物を25℃にまで冷却し、そして抗酸化剤で安定化させた。
アジピン酸とモノエチレングリコールに基づき、モル量(モラーマス:molar mass)が2000g/molであり、及び水酸基価が55mgKOH/gのベースポリエステルオールを、80℃の温度で、エステル化触媒としてのジブチルチンジラウレート及び、3−イソプロペニル−α、α−ジメチルベンジルイソシアネート(TMI)(ベースポリエステルオール1モル当たり、0.8モル)と、攪拌しながら混合した。混合物を80℃で、更に8時間攪拌させた。次に、燐酸を加えて触媒を不活性にし、そして製造物を25℃にまで冷却し、そして抗酸化剤で安定化させた。
以下に記載する実施例で使用するグラフトポリオールを、連続方式及びバッチ方式で製造した。両方法によるグラフトポリオールの合成は公知のもので、そして例えば、EP439755に記載されている。順バッチ方式の特殊な形態として、セミバッチシード法が挙げられ、セミバッチシード法では、例えば、EP510533に記載されているように、反応のための最初の装填物中において、グラフトポリオールが種(シード)として追加的に使用される。二峰性の粒子径分布を有しているグラフトポリオールの合成は、WO03/078496に記載されている。連続法におけるグラフトポリオールの合成は、同様に公知であり、そして例えば、WO00/59971に記載されている。
セミバッチ法によるグラフトポリオールの製造は、2段階攪拌器、内部冷却コイル、及び電気加熱ジャケットを備えた2リットルのオートクレーブ内で行われる。反応の開始の前に、反応器にキャリヤーポリオールとマクロマーの混合物を装填し、窒素を流し、そして125℃又は130℃の合成温度にまで加熱した。ある合成では、反応のための最初の装填物において、キャリヤーポリオールとマクロマーに、種としてグラフトポリオールが追加的に加えられる。実験の別のグループでは、マクロマーの一部だけが反応器内に最初に加えられる。残りの量は、合成の間に、独立した供給流を介して反応器内に導入される。表3に、マクロマーの最初と最後の導入を示した。別のキャリヤーポリオール、開始剤、モノマー、及び反応調節剤を含む、残りの反応混合物を、少なくとも2個の計量付加容器(metered addition vessel)に配置した。グラフトポリオールの合成は、計量付加器から原料(raw material)を供給することによって行った。ここで、該供給は、静的インライン混合器を介して、反応器内に一定計量速度で行った。モノマー/調整剤混合物の添加時間は、150分又は180分であり、一方、ポリオール/開始剤混合物は165分又は195分にわたり反応器に計量導入した。反応温度での10分〜30分の更なる反応後時間の後、粗製グラフトポリオールを、底部出口バルブを介してフラスコガラス内に移した。次に製造物から、減圧下(<0.1mbar)、135℃の温度で、未反応モノマーと他の揮発性化合物を除去した。次に最終製造物を抗酸化剤で安定化させた。
表4、5及び6に示した出発材料からポリオール成分を製造し、そして、NCO含有量が31.0質量%で、そして粘度が520mPa.s(25℃)である、ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとポリフェニレンポリメチレンポリイソシアネートとの混合物と二重ベルト装置において示した混合割合で反応させ、厚さが80mm又は120mmのサンドイッチ素子を製造した。比較例I〜Uにおいて、グラフトポリオール又はグラフトポリオールとポリオール42とを含む貯蔵安定性が良好な混合物を、ミキシングヘッド内で、他の成分と直接的に混合した。
マクロマー1:モノフマレートエステル、ε’(23℃、1000Hz)=5.54、モノフマレートエステル内の第2の酸基が、プロピレンオキシドと反応しており、グリセロール、プロピレンオキシド、エチレンオキシドに基づいたポリエーテルアルコールから出発する;ベースポリオールの水酸基価:25mgKOH/g.
マクロマー2:3−イソプロピレン−アルファ,アルファ−ジメチルベンジルイソシアネート(TMI)−ポリエーテルアルコールの付加生成物、ε’(23℃、1000Hz)=5.72、ソルビトール、プロピレンオキシドに基づく、約15%のエチレンオキシド、ベースポリオールの水酸基価:18mgKOH/g。
難燃剤2:ジエチルエタンホスホネート
難燃剤3:Ixol(登録商標)B251、Solvay AG
安定剤2:Tegostab(登録商標)B8461、Degussa AG
安定剤3:OS340、Bayer AG
安定剤4:Tegostab(登録商標)B8466、Degussa AG
安定剤5:Dabco(登録商標)DC5103、Air Products
安定剤6:Tegostab(登録商標)B8461とTegostab(登録商標)B8409との1:1混合物、Degussa AG
触媒2:Lupragen(登録商標)N301、BASF Aktiengesellschaft
触媒3:Dabco(登録商標)T、AirProducts
触媒4:Lupragen(登録商標)N600、BASF Aktiengesellschaft
触媒5:Polycat5、AirProducts
触媒6:KX315、Elastogran GmbH
触媒7:エチレングリコール中、カリウムアセテートの47%濃度溶液
Claims (8)
- a)ポリイソシアネートと、
b)以下の成分の存在下にイソシアンート基と反応可能な少なくとも2個の水素原子を有する化合物、
c)触媒、
d)発泡剤、
e)所望により、助剤及び添加剤、
とを反応させることによってポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法であって、
イソシアネート基と反応可能な少なくとも2個の水素原子を有する化合物が、
マクロマーの存在下に、キャリヤーポリオール中のオレフィン性不飽和モノマーの現場重合によって製造することができるグラフトポリオールを含み、
キャリヤーポリオールが、2〜8の官能価、100〜800mgKOH/gの範囲の水酸基価を有し、且つポリエーテル鎖におけるエチレンオキシド単位の含有量が100質量%であるポリエーテルポリオールであり、そして
マクロマーは、分子量M w が≧1000g/molであり、及び少なくとも1個の反応性オレフィン性不飽和の末端基を含む、直鎖状又は分岐ポリエーテルオールである、当該グラフトポリオールを少なくとも1種含むことを特徴とするポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。 - グラフトポリオールが、成分bに対して、100質量%以下の量で使用されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。
- グラフトポリオールが、成分bに対して、それぞれ0.5〜70質量%の量で使用されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。
- グラフトポリオールを、冷蔵庫用の独立気泡硬質ポリウレタンフォームの製造に、成分bに対して3〜70質量%の量で使用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。
- グラフトポリオールを、サンドイッチ素子用の独立気泡硬質ポリウレタンフォームの製造に、成分bに対して0.5〜35質量%の量で使用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。
- グラフトポリオールを、キャリヤーポリオール中のエチレン性不飽和モノマーの現場重合によって製造し、且つ前記キャリヤーポリオールが、水酸基価を100〜800mgKOH/gの範囲に有し、及び多官能性アルコール、糖アルコール、脂肪族アミン、及び芳香族アミンから成る群れから選ばれるH−官能性出発材料にエチレンオキシドを付加することによって得られるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。
- グラフトポリオールが、23℃及び1000Hzで、6.0より大きいDIN53483に従う誘電率ε’を有する極性エチレン性不飽和マクロマーを使用して製造されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。
- グラフトポリオールの粒子の粒度分布が、0.1μm〜8μmの範囲に極大値を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法。
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PCT/EP2005/003485 WO2005097863A1 (de) | 2004-04-05 | 2005-04-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethan-schaumstoffen |
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PL1981926T3 (pl) * | 2006-01-27 | 2009-10-30 | Basf Se | Sposób wytwarzania lepkosprężystych miękkich poliuretanowych tworzyw piankowych o otwartych komórkach |
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- 2005-04-02 EP EP05734872A patent/EP1742978B1/de not_active Revoked
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- 2005-04-02 DK DK05734872T patent/DK1742978T3/da active
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WO2005097863A1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
DK1742978T3 (da) | 2009-02-16 |
DE502005005813D1 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
ES2314649T3 (es) | 2009-03-16 |
ATE412681T1 (de) | 2008-11-15 |
JP2007531809A (ja) | 2007-11-08 |
PT1742978E (pt) | 2008-11-27 |
PL1742978T3 (pl) | 2009-04-30 |
SI1742978T1 (sl) | 2009-02-28 |
CN100577706C (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
CN1946757A (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
EP1742978A1 (de) | 2007-01-17 |
DE102004017294A1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
KR20070006871A (ko) | 2007-01-11 |
KR101226293B1 (ko) | 2013-01-24 |
EP1742978B1 (de) | 2008-10-29 |
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