JP4944125B2 - 炭化水素の製造方法 - Google Patents
炭化水素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4944125B2 JP4944125B2 JP2008545029A JP2008545029A JP4944125B2 JP 4944125 B2 JP4944125 B2 JP 4944125B2 JP 2008545029 A JP2008545029 A JP 2008545029A JP 2008545029 A JP2008545029 A JP 2008545029A JP 4944125 B2 JP4944125 B2 JP 4944125B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- catalyst
- decarbonylation
- decarboxylation
- product
- Prior art date
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 93
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VCLJODPNBNEBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C VCLJODPNBNEBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043268 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
- C10G3/46—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/47—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
- C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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- C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
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Description
骨格異性化とは、化合物の炭素数が変わることなしに、炭素主鎖に分岐が形成されることを意味すると解される。
本発明は、草木、植物、動物ならびに魚類の脂肪および油ならびに脂肪酸といった再生可能資源から、ディーゼル燃料プールとして適切な、分岐の飽和炭化水素の製造のための触媒方法に関する。本発明は、脂肪酸または低級アルコールとの脂肪酸エステルを含む原料を、酸性触媒を用いて分岐の脂肪酸または脂肪酸エステルに変換すること、それに続いて、得られた分岐の脂肪酸または脂肪酸エステルを、脱炭酸化/脱カルボニル化不均一系触媒または水素化脱酸素化触媒のどちらかと接触させることによって、分岐の炭化水素に変換することに関する。
原料は脂肪酸またはC1〜C5、好ましくはC1〜C3アルコールとの脂肪酸エステル、またはそれらの混合物を含む。原料は好ましくは草木、植物、動物ならびに魚の油および脂肪といった生物由来原料に由来する。生物由来原料は、加水分解などの、脂肪酸または脂肪酸エステルを原料として有用なものとして得るために、先行技術である、いかなる前処理または精製法を用いて処理されてもよい。原料は少なくとも20重量%、好ましくは少なくとも50重量%、そして特に好ましくは80重量%の不飽和の脂肪酸または脂肪酸エステルを含む。原料は、脂肪酸および脂肪酸エステルの混合物を含むが、脂肪酸または脂肪酸エステルのどちらかを使用することが好ましい。
本発明による方法の第一の段階では、分岐鎖を有する脂肪酸または脂肪酸のアルキルエステルが製造される。上記に記載した原料が骨格異性化段階に付される。骨格異性化は150〜400℃の温度で、0〜5MPaの圧力下、好ましくは200〜350℃および0.1〜5MPaそして特に好ましくは220〜300℃および0.1〜2MPaで、酸性触媒を使用して行われた。適切な酸性触媒はシリコアルミノリン酸塩およびゼオライト、好ましくはフォージャサイト、オファールタイト、モンモリロナイトおよびモルデナイトである。特に好ましくは、触媒はモルデナイトである。
骨格異性化段階から得られた分岐の生成物はその後、脱炭酸化/脱カルボニル化または水素化脱酸素化によって行われる脱酸素化に付される。
本発明による方法は、ディーゼル燃料プールに適切な分岐のパラフィン系炭化水素生成物を生じる。生成物は、一般的にはいくつかの短い炭素−炭素側鎖の分岐を含み、その結果、公知の方法によって得られた生成物に比べて、群を抜いた低い曇点および低温でのフィルター目詰まり点(cold filter plugging point)を有するにも関わらず、良好なセタン価をもつ。表2に示されるように、本発明による方法を用いて製造された生成物の特性(1)が公知の技術に基づく方法によって得られた生成物(2〜6)と比較された。全ての生成物は100%(B100)ディーゼル構成成分である。
(1)は本発明による方法によって、脂肪酸の骨格異性化および脱酸素化によって製造される。
(2)はトリグリセリドの水素化脱酸素化および水素化異性化によって製造される。
(3)は菜種油のエステル交換反応によって製造される脂肪酸メチルエステルである。
(4)は気体の液化および水素化異性化方法によって製造される天然ガス由来のディーゼル燃料である。
(5)および(6)は極寒の条件で使用される異なる規格をもつ鉱物油由来のディーゼル燃料である。
トール油脂肪酸の骨格異性化および脱酸素化
低温でのトール油脂肪酸の骨格異性化および脱酸素化
水無添加でのトール油脂肪酸の骨格異性化、低温での脱酸素化および最終生成物の冷却下でのろ過
水無添加でのトール油脂肪酸の骨格異性化、および脱炭酸化/脱カルボニル化による脱酸素化
Claims (17)
- 分岐の飽和炭化水素の製造方法であって、生物由来原料の前処理または精製によって得られる不飽和の脂肪酸もしくはC1〜C5アルコールとの脂肪酸エステル、またはそれらの混合物を含む原料を骨格異性化段階およびその後の脱酸素化段階に付すことを特徴とする方法。
- 原料が、少なくとも20重量%の不飽和の脂肪酸またはC1〜C5アルコールとの脂肪酸エステルを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 不飽和の脂肪酸またはC1〜C5アルコールとの脂肪酸エステルの全炭素数が、8〜26であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 骨格異性化段階が、150〜400℃の温度で、0〜5MPaの圧力下で行われることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 骨格異性化段階が、シリコアルミノリン酸塩およびゼオライトより選択される酸性触媒の存在下で行われることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 全反応混合物を基準にして、0〜8重量%の水またはC1〜C5アルコールが原料に添加されることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 原料が脂肪酸を含む場合には水が添加され、そして原料が脂肪酸エステルを含む場合にはアルコールが添加されることを特徴とする請求項6記載の方法。
- 骨格異性化段階の後に、前水素化段階が行われることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前水素化段階が、1または複数の第VIII族および/または第VIA族の金属を含む水素化触媒の存在下、50〜400℃の温度で0.1〜20MPaの水素圧の下で行われることを特徴とする請求項8記載の方法。
- 原料が脂肪酸エステルを含む場合に、前水素化段階が、金属触媒の存在下、25〜30MPaの水素圧、および200〜230℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項8記載の方法。
- 骨格異性化および任意の前水素化段階から得られる生成物を、脱炭酸化/脱カルボニル化または水素化脱酸素化によって行われる脱酸素化段階に付すことを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 脱炭酸化および/または脱カルボニル化において、生成物および任意には溶媒または溶媒の混合物を、1または複数の周期系の第VIII族および/または第VIA族の金属を含む担持触媒より選択される、脱炭酸化/脱カルボニル化不均一系触媒と、100〜400℃の温度で、大気圧から、不活性気体/水素混合物の20MPaまでの圧力下で接触させることを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 脱炭酸化および/または脱カルボニル化不均一系触媒が、炭素担持Pdまたはアルミナ担持硫化NiMoであることを特徴とする請求項12記載の方法。
- 水素化脱酸素化において、生成物および任意には溶媒または溶媒の混合物を、周期系の第VIII族および/または第VIA族の金属を含む水素化触媒と、1〜20MPaの間の圧力下、200〜500℃の間の温度で接触させることを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
- 水素化脱酸素化触媒が、担持されたPd、Pt、Ni、NiMoまたはCoMo触媒であって、かつ担持体が、アルミナおよび/またはシリカであることを特徴とする請求項14記載の方法。
- 脱炭酸化/脱カルボニル化および/または水素化脱酸素化段階において、溶媒が炭化水素、炭化水素を含む再生処理蒸気およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項11〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 炭化水素が、150〜350℃の沸点範囲を有するパラフィン、イソパラフィン、ナフテンおよび芳香族炭化水素であることを特徴とする請求項16記載の方法。
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JPS59108088A (ja) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-06-22 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | パラフイン系炭化水素の製造法 |
ATE187954T1 (de) * | 1995-11-16 | 2000-01-15 | Unichema Chemie Bv | Isomerisierung der fettsäure |
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EP1398364A1 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-17 | Fortum OYJ | Fuel composition for a diesel engine |
US7232935B2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2007-06-19 | Fortum Oyj | Process for producing a hydrocarbon component of biological origin |
EP1396531B2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2016-11-30 | Neste Oil Oyj | Process for producing a hydrocarbon component of biological origin |
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EP1795576A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
ES2491871T3 (es) | 2014-09-08 |
HK1128038A1 (en) | 2009-10-16 |
CN101331210A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
BRPI0619737A2 (pt) | 2011-10-11 |
EP1795576B1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
DK1795576T3 (da) | 2014-07-14 |
KR101016643B1 (ko) | 2011-02-25 |
WO2007068798A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
BRPI0619737B1 (pt) | 2016-06-21 |
MY141968A (en) | 2010-08-16 |
JP2009518533A (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
KR20080078889A (ko) | 2008-08-28 |
CN101331210B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
RU2394872C2 (ru) | 2010-07-20 |
CA2631879C (en) | 2013-07-02 |
CA2631879A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2007068798A3 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
PL1795576T3 (pl) | 2014-10-31 |
RU2008128480A (ru) | 2010-01-20 |
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