JP4944041B2 - 前立腺癌の予後判定用マーカー及び/又はテラノスティックマーカーとなる、尿沈渣及び/又は尿のmRNA比 - Google Patents
前立腺癌の予後判定用マーカー及び/又はテラノスティックマーカーとなる、尿沈渣及び/又は尿のmRNA比 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、ともに尿サンプルに発現されるPCA3と第2前立腺特異的マーカーとの比が、前立腺癌の存在、不存在又は素因を確立するのみならず、驚くべきことに、前立腺癌の侵襲性と該癌の帰結とを特異的且つ具体的に決定するという知見に基づくものである。
本明細書の記載においては、種々の用語を広範にわたって使用する。本明細書と請求の範囲、並びにこのような用語によって含まれる範囲の理解を明瞭且つ一貫したものとするために、以下の定義を提供する。
T1: 腫瘍は、直腸指診による感知も画像解析による検出もできないが、生検標本から癌細胞が検出される。
T2: 腫瘍は、直腸指診による感知可能で、癌は前立腺に限局する。
T3: 腫瘍は、前立腺被膜(前立腺を取り囲む繊維組織層)の外及び/又は精嚢(精液を蓄える、前立腺に隣接する2つの小さい嚢)に転移しているが、他の器官には転移していない。
T4: 腫瘍は、(精嚢以外の)前立腺隣接臓器に転移しているか、固定している。
N0: 癌はリンパ節に転移していない。
N1: 癌は、(骨盤の内の)単一の所属リンパ節に転移しているが、その大きさは2cm以下である。
N2: 癌は1つ以上の所属リンパ節に転移しており、その大きさは2cmを越えるが5cm以下である。
N3: 癌はリンパ節に転移しており、その大きさは5cm(2インチ)を越える。
M0: 癌は所属リンパ節以外には転移して(広がって)いない。
M1: 癌は、(骨盤外の)遠隔リンパ節、骨、又は遠隔の臓器(肺、肝臓、脳など)に転移している。
本発明を実施するための核酸(たとえば、DNAやRNA)は公知の方法に従って得ることができる。
当業者は、公知の技術に従って核酸プライマーを選択することができる。試験用サンプルとしてヒト組織から得たRNAサンプルを用いることができるが、これに限定されるわけではない。
(a)配列番号1又は2のヌクレオチド配列を包含する、PCA3 mRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列、
(b)配列番号38のヌクレオチド配列を包含する、PSA mRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列、及び
(c)ヌクレオチド配列(a)又は(b)に相補的な核酸配列。
別の態様においては、本発明は、高感度であり且つ特異的な(即ち、偽陽性の数を低減した)、前立腺癌を診断するためのキットに関する。このようなキットは、通常、前立腺癌特異的PCA3核酸配列にハイブリダイズする少なくとも1種のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブ又はオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを収容する第1の容器を包含する。1つの態様においては、本発明は、PCA3の示す陰性の検出結果を判定するだけでなく、PCA3の量比の決定をも可能にする、第2前立腺特異的マーカー(たとえば、PSA)に特異的なオリゴヌクレオチドプローブやオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを収容する第2容器を更に包含するキットに関する。別の態様においては、本発明は、サンプル中の前立腺癌細胞の存在を確認することを可能にする、さらなる前立腺特異的マーカーに特異的な抗体を、該第2容器にさらに収容するキットに関する。
組織サンプル
前立腺の全摘標本を、カニシウス ウィルヘルミナ病院 ネイメーヘン(Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen)及びユニバーシティ メディカル センター ネイメーヘン(University Medical Center Nijmegen)より入手した。正常な前立腺、前立腺肥大、及び前立腺腫瘍の標本は新鮮なまま入手し、液体窒素で瞬間冷凍し、ステップ切片法(step sectioning)により加工した。一定の時間間隔でヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色を行い、組織切片中の正常な前立腺細胞、前立腺肥大細胞、及び前立腺腫瘍細胞の割合(%)を決定した。上記2つの病院の病理科において、上記の腫瘍のグリーソンスコア及びTNM分類を決定した。LiCl−尿素法(22)を用いて、上記の組織標本から総RNAを抽出した。
内部標準物質(IS−PCA3)を、Promega社製の“GeneEditor”in vitro 部位特異的変異導入システム(“GeneEditor”in vitro site-directed mutagenesis system)を用いて構築した。PCA3 cDNA構築物(pMB45)の、PCA3 cDNA(GenBankTM #AF103907)の416番〜418番塩基に相当する位置に3つの置換(TCCからCGTへの置換)を導入した。変異は、DNA配列分析によって確認した。
組織RNA並びに in vitro で調製したPCA3 RNA及びIS−PCA3 RNAを、一本鎖cDNA合成キット(Amersham Biosciences 社製)を用いたcDNA合成用のテンプレートとして使用した。PCA3 RNA及びIS−PCA3 RNAは、キャリアRNA溶液として使用した、0.2mg/mlの E. coli tRNA(Roche Diagnostics 社製)で希釈した。拡張した検量曲線(extended calibration curve)を作成するために、5×103コピーのIS−PCA3 RNAを種々の量(50〜1×107コピー)のPCA3 RNAと混合した。組織サンプル中のPCA3を定量するために、総RNAを5×103コピーのIS−PCA3 RNAと混合した。得られたRNA混合物を65℃で10分間加熱し、続いて氷冷した。その後、0.2μgのユニバーサル オリゴ‐d(T)18プライマー、2mMのDTT及びバルク一本鎖反応混合物(Bulk 1st strand reaction mixture)(Amersham Biosciences 社製)を加え、最終反応容量を15μlとした。サンプルは、37℃で1時間インキュベートし、得られたcDNAサンプルを95℃で5分間加熱した。
PCR増幅を、以下のPCA3‐特異的プライマーを用いて行った:フォワードプライマーは、5’-TGGGAAGGACCTGATGATACA-3’(配列番号40、PCA3 cDNAのエクソン1の97番〜108番ヌクレオチド、GenBankTM #AF103907)、そしてリバースプライマーは、5’-CCCAGGGATCTCTGTGCTT-3’(配列番号41、PCA3 cDNAのエクソン3からエクソン4に亘る459番〜477番ヌクレオチド)。リバースプライマーは、ビオチン化した。5μlのcDNAサンプルを、100μlのPCR反応用混合液中で増幅した。上記のPCR反応用混合液は、0.133μMのリバースプライマー、0.065μMのビオチン化リバースプライマー、0.2μMのフォワードプライマー、250mMのデオキシヌクレオチド三リン酸(Roche Diagnostics 社製)及び2Uの Super TaqTM ポリメラーゼ(HT Biotechnology LTD 社製)を、1.5mMの塩化マグネシウム、10mMのTris-HCl(pH 8.3)、50mMの塩化ナトリウム及び0.1%の Triton X-100 からなる緩衝液に溶解したものである。反応用混合液にミネラルオイルを重層し、Thermal CyclerTM(PerkinElmer Lifesciences Inc. 製)を用いて、以下の条件下でサーモサイクリングを行った:初めに95℃で2分、次に95℃で1分、60℃で1分、そして72℃で1分を35サイクル、最後の伸長反応を72℃で10分。
得られたPCR産物をミネラルオイルから精製した。各PCR産物は、ストレプトアビジンで被覆したマイクロタイタープレート(InnoTrac Diagnostics 社製)の3つのウェルにそれぞれ10μlずつ加えた。1.5MのNaClを含む50μlのDELFIARアッセイ緩衝液を各ウェルに加えた。ビオチン化したPCR産物を、室温で1時間、ゆっくり振盪しながら、ストレプトアビジンで被覆したウェルに捕捉した。その後、サンプルを、DELFIAR洗浄液で3回洗浄した。二本鎖PCR産物を変性するために、100μlの50mM NaOH溶液を用いて、サンプルを室温で5分間ゆっくり振盪した。サンプルをDELFIAR洗浄液で3回洗浄することにより、変性した遊離DNA鎖を除去した。1.5MのNaClと5g/リットルの脱脂粉乳を含むDELFIARアッセイ緩衝液の溶液とした、Eu3+で標識したPCA3検出用プローブ(配列番号42、5’(modC)20CACATTTCCAGCCCCT-3’)(30pg/μl)及びTb3+で標識したIS-PCA3検出用プローブ(配列番号43、5’(modC)20CACATTCGTAGCCCCT-3’)(30pg/μl)を、各ウェルに加えた。検出用プローブは、37℃で2.5時間放置することにより、捕捉されたPCA3のDNA鎖及びIS-PCA3のDNA鎖にハイブリダイズさせた。サンプルは、室温にて、DELFIAR洗浄液で6回洗浄した。その後、200μlのDELFIAR増強溶液(enhancement solution)を各ウェルに加えた。遊離Eu3+イオンは、DELFIAR(Eu3+)増強溶液中の成分とともに速やかに高蛍光性で安定なキレートを形成する。ゆっくり振盪しながら室温で30分間インキュベートした後、Eu3+キレートの発する蛍光シグナルを1420 VictorTM マルチラベルカウンター(Multilabel Counter)で計測した。次に、50μlの DELFIAR(Tb3+)増強溶液を各ウェルに加えて、Tb3+による高蛍光性キレートを形成した。ゆっくり振盪しながら室温で5分間インキュベートした後、Tb3+キレートの発する蛍光シグナルを計測した。尚、上記の DELFIAR 試薬及び1420 VictorTM マルチラベルカウンターは、全て Perkin Elmer Life Sciences 社より入手したものである。
社会科学統計パッケージ(SPSS)を用いて、データを受信者動作特性曲線(ROC)に纏めることにより、PCA3のマーカーとしての効力を視覚化した。この曲線において、感度(真陽性率)をY軸として、X軸の1−特異性(偽陽性率)に対してプロットした。この曲線に示した全ての値を、任意に定めたカットオフ値と考えられる。曲線下面積(AUC)及びその95%信頼区間(CI)を、試験したマーカーによる識別の有効性の指標として計算した。マーカーに識別的な価値がない場合は、AUC値は0.5に近く、この場合にはROC曲線は対角線に近くなる。マーカーが強い識別力を示す場合には、ROC曲線は左上角に近くなる(即ち、AUCが1に近づく)。
PCA3とIS−PCA3のビオチン化したPCR産物を用いて、ハイブリダイゼーションアッセイの条件を最適化した。標的とそのハイブリダイゼーションプローブの両方に関して、1.5MのNaCl及び5g/リットルの脱脂粉乳の存在下、37℃で150分間インキュベートすることで、シグナル値/バックグラウンド値の比が高い、最適な蛍光シグナルが得られた。塩化ナトリウムはハイブリダイゼーションを促進するために使用し、脱脂粉乳の機能は、非特異的なバックグラウンドシグナルをブロックすることである。上記のストリンジェントな条件下では、30pg/μlの各プローブを用いた場合にハイブリダイゼーションアッセイの効率が最も良かった。
PCRの増幅効率は、各プライマーを0.2μM使用した際に最大になった。Ylikoski (1999) は、大過剰量のビオチン化リバースプライマーは、ストレプトアビジン結合部位に対してはビオチン化PCR産物と競合するということを示した(23)。そのため、ビオチン化リバースプライマーの量を減らして用いることにより、ハイブリダイゼーションアッセイの前の増幅産物の希釈工程を省き、増幅産物の検出が信頼できるものとなるようにした。最適なPCR増幅のために、0.133μMの未標識のリバースプライマー、0.065μMのビオチン化リバースプライマー、及び0.2μMのフォワードプライマーを用いた。
PCA3 RNAの検出と定量のために提案した定量的RT-PCR技術の感度と線形性を求めるために、検量曲線を作成した。種々の数のPCA3 RNA分子(50〜1×107個のPCA3 RNA分子)を5×103コピーのIS−PCA3 RNAと混合した。既に示したように、このIS−PCA3 RNAの値は、PCA3の定量のための広い直線範囲をもたらすIS−PCA3の最小量であった。さらに、この量のIS−PCA3を用いることで、PCA3プローブと5×105コピーを超えるIS−PCA3との僅かな交差反応(0.1%)も避けることができた。バックグラウンドシグナルは、PCA3 RNAもIS−PCA3 RNAも存在しない状態で得られるシグナルと定義した。この定量的RT-PCRアッセイの検出限界は、バックグラウンドシグナルの平均値の2倍とした。この定量的RT-PCRアッセイにおいては、検出限界は、50コピーのPCA3 RNAを用いてPCR増幅サイクルを35回実施した場合に対応した。飽和状態は(上述したように)両方の標的に同じ影響を与えたので、50〜1×107個のPCA3 RNA分子に亘る広い直線範囲を有する検量曲線を得た(データは示さない)。
上述したPCA3に基づくRT-PCRアッセイを、PCA3の前立腺癌診断用マーカーとしての潜在的な有用性を評価するために用いた。PCA3の前立腺特異性は、乳房、膀胱、十二指腸、心臓、肝臓、肺、腎臓、前立腺、精嚢、皮膚、胃、睾丸及び抹消血白血球のいくつかの正常な組織から得たcDNAについて、PCA3 RNAのコピー数を測定することによって決定した。前立腺以外のすべてのサンプルが、PCA3に対して陰性を示し(データは示さない)、これは既に発行済みのデータと合致していた(20、21)。
現在、RT-PCRは、正常細胞が多量に存在するバックグラウンドから少数の腫瘍細胞を検出する際に最も広く用いられる方法である。近年、PSA mRNAとPSMA mRNAとをこの技術における最も一般的な標的として用いる前立腺癌細胞の同定を行うための様々なRT-PCRアッセイが開発されている(25、26、26〜29)。これらのRT-PCRアッセイの多くは定性的、即ち、PCR反応産物中に標的が存在するかどうかに関する情報を提供するものであった。すべてのPCRアッセイと同様に、RT-PCRは極度に感度の高いアッセイである。ネステッドRT-PCR法の導入後には、PSA転写産物やPSMA転写産物が、健常なドナーから得た抹消血白血球からも検出された(30、31)。このことは、RT-PCR技術の感度が高過ぎる場合には、非前立腺細胞において低いバックグラウンドレベルで存在する可能性のある前立腺特異的遺伝子の基礎転写産物が、偽陽性シグナルをもたらす可能性があることを示している。RT-PCR研究の成果の中でも、以前には組織又は腫瘍特異的であると考えられていた多くの遺伝子のバックグラウンド発現の検出は、感度と特異性とにおいて広範囲に寄与している。これらの矛盾した結果は、用いたRT-PCRプロトコルに統一性がないことに帰せられる。組織特異的な遺伝子のバックグラウンド発現は、それらの臨床用途を無効にするわけではない。しかし、このことは、より再現性と信頼性の高い結果を得るためには、より定量的なRT-PCR技術の開発が必要であることを意味する。
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38. Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Pattyn F, Poppe B, Van Roy N, De Paepe A, Speleman F. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol 2002;3:RESEARCH0034.
39. Soini E, Lovgren T. Time-resolved fluorescence of lanthanide probes and applications in biotechnology. CRC Crit Rev Anal Chem 1987;18:105-54.
40. Ylikoski A, Karp M, Lilja H, Lovgren T. Dual-label detection of amplified products in quantitative RT-PCR assay using lanthanide-labeled probes. Biotechniques 2001;30:832-6, 838, 840.
1517番のnはa、c、g又はtである。
1563番のnはa、c、g又はtである。
配列番号3: 合成構築物
配列番号4: 合成構築物
配列番号5: 合成構築物
配列番号6: 合成構築物
配列番号7: 合成構築物
配列番号8: 合成構築物
配列番号9: 合成構築物
配列番号10: 合成構築物
配列番号11: 合成構築物
配列番号12: 合成構築物
配列番号13: 合成構築物
配列番号14: 合成構築物
配列番号15: 合成構築物
配列番号16: 合成構築物
配列番号17: 合成構築物
配列番号18: 合成構築物
配列番号19: 合成構築物
配列番号20: 合成構築物
配列番号21: 合成構築物
配列番号22: 合成構築物
配列番号23: 合成構築物
配列番号24: 合成構築物
配列番号25: 合成構築物
配列番号26: 合成構築物
配列番号27: 合成構築物
配列番号28: 合成構築物
配列番号29: 合成構築物
配列番号30: 合成構築物
配列番号31: 合成構築物
配列番号32: 合成構築物
配列番号33: 合成構築物
配列番号34: 合成構築物
配列番号35: 合成構築物
配列番号36: 合成構築物(PSA)
配列番号37: 合成構築物(PSA)
配列番号39: 合成構築物
配列番号40: 合成構築物
配列番号41: 合成構築物
配列番号42: nは(modC)20である。
配列番号43: nは(modC)20である。
Claims (23)
- 患者の生物学的サンプルから前立腺癌の予後判定を行う方法であって、
(a)生物学的サンプル中の前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量及び前立腺特異的抗原(PSA)の量を評価する工程、
(b)PSA量に対する前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量比を決定する工程、及び
(c)該量比を、少なくとも1つの予め定めたカットオフ値と比較する工程
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、該予め定めたカットオフ値を超える量比を、該予め定めたカットオフ値よりも量比が低い場合と比べて前立腺癌によって死亡する危険度が高いことの指標とすることを特徴とする方法。 - 該生物学的サンプルが、直腸指診の後に得られる尿サンプルであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- PSAの量がPSA mRNAの量であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 生物学的サンプルから前立腺癌の予後判定を行う方法であって、
(a)生物学的サンプルを、前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAにハイブリダイズする少なくとも1種のオリゴヌクレオチドと接触させる工程、
(b)該生物学的サンプルを、PSA mRNAにハイブリダイズする少なくとも1種のオリゴヌクレオチドと接触させる工程、
(c)該生物学的サンプル中のPCA3 mRNAの量及びPSA mRNAの量を測定する工程、
(d)PSA mRNA量に対するPCA3 mRNAの量比を決定する工程、及び
(e)PSA mRNA量に対するPCA3 mRNAの量比を、少なくとも1つの予め定めたカットオフ値と比較する工程
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、該予め定めたカットオフ値を超える量比を、侵襲性の高い癌の存在の指標として、該予め定めたカットオフ値よりも低い量比を、侵襲性のより低い癌の存在の指標とすることを特徴とする方法。 - 生物学的サンプル中の前立腺癌の腫瘍体積を評価する方法であって、
(a)サンプル中の前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量及びPSAの量を評価する工程、
(b)PSA量に対する前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量比を決定する工程、及び
(c)該量比を、少なくとも1つの予め定めたカットオフ値と比較する工程
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、該予め定めたカットオフ値を超える量比を、該予め定めたカットオフ値より量比が低い場合と比べて前立腺癌の腫瘍体積が大きいことの指標とすることを特徴とする方法。 - 患者の生物学的サンプルから前立腺癌の腫瘍成長をモニターする方法であって、
(a)第1の時点に得た生物学的サンプル中の前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量及びPSAの量を評価する工程、
(b)PSA量に対する前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量比を決定する工程、
(c)後期の時点に該患者から得た生物学的サンプルを用いて、工程(a)及び(b)を繰り返す工程、及び
(d)工程(b)で得た量比を工程(c)で得た量比と比較する工程
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、工程(b)で得た量比が工程(c)で得た量比より大きい場合を、前立腺癌の進行及び腫瘍体積増加の指標とすることを特徴とする方法。 - 生物学的サンプルから前立腺癌の進行をモニターする方法であって、
(a)生物学的サンプルを、前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAにハイブリダイズする少なくとも1種のオリゴヌクレオチドと接触させる工程、
(b)該生物学的サンプルを、PSA mRNAにハイブリダイズする少なくとも1種のオリゴヌクレオチドと接触させる工程、
(c)該生物学的サンプル中のPCA3 mRNAの量及びPSA mRNAの量を測定する工程、
(d)PSA mRNA量に対するPCA3 mRNAの量比を決定する工程、
(e)後期の時点に工程(a)〜(d)を繰り返す工程、及び
(f)工程(d)で得た量比を工程(e)で得た量比と比較する工程
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、工程(e)で得た量比が工程(d)で得た量比よりも大きい場合を、前立腺癌の進行を示す指標とすることを特徴とする方法。 - 前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量の測定に増幅反応を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該増幅反応が
(a)ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応法(PCR法)、
(b)核酸増幅法(NASBA法)、
(c)転写媒介性増幅法(TMA法)、
(d)リガーゼ連鎖反応法(LCR法)、及び
(e)ストランド置換増幅法(SDA法)
からなる群より選ばれるものであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量及びPSA mRNAの量の測定に、ハイブリダイゼーションアッセイ法を用いることを特徴とする、請求項4又は7に記載の方法。
- 前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量の評価を、下記の(a)〜(c)からなる群より選ばれるPCA3核酸配列にハイブリダイズする少なくとも1種のオリゴヌクレオチドを用いて行うことを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
(a)配列番号1の核酸配列、
(b)配列番号2の核酸配列、及び
(c)ストリンジェントな条件下で上記核酸配列(a)又は(b)にハイブリダイズする核酸配列。 - PSAの量の評価を、下記の(a)及び(b)からなる群より選ばれるPSA核酸配列にストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズする少なくとも1種のオリゴヌクレオチドを用いて行うことを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
(a)配列番号38の核酸配列、及び
(b)ストリンジェントな条件下で上記核酸配列(a)にハイブリダイズする核酸配列。 - 該生物学的サンプルに含まれるPSAタンパク質の量を評価することを特徴とする、請求項1、2、5、6及び11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- PSAタンパク質量の評価を、抗体を用いて行うことを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 治療後の前立腺癌の進行の危険度を判定するための方法であって、
(a)治療前のサンプル中の前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量及びPSAの量を評価する工程、
(b)PSA量に対する前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量比を決定する工程、
(c)治療後の該患者の生物学的サンプルを用いて工程(a)及び(b)を繰り返す工程、及び
(d)治療後に得た量比を、治療前に得た量比と比較する工程
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、治療後の量比が治療前の量比より大きい場合を、前立腺癌の進行の指標とすることを特徴とする方法。 - 該患者の前立腺サンプルのグリーソンスコアを決定する工程、及び該PCA3/PSA比と該グリーソンスコアを、前立腺癌によって死亡する危険度と相関させる工程を更に包含することを特徴とする、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該PCA3/PSA比と該グリーソンスコアを、医薬品の効能、患者の帰結、及び疾患危険度の予測からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種と相関させることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 患者から得た生物学的サンプル中の前立腺癌のステージを判定するための方法であって、
(a)該生物学的サンプル中の前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量及びPSAの量を評価する工程、
(b)PSA量に対する前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNAの量比を決定する工程、
(c)該量比を、少なくとも1つの予め定めたカットオフ値と比較する工程、及び
(d)量比を前立腺癌の特定のステージと相関させる工程
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、該予め定めたカットオフ値を超える量比を、該予め定めたカットオフ値よりも量比が低い場合と比べて前立腺癌のステージが進行していることの指標とし、この指標に基づいて前立腺癌のステージを判定することを特徴とする方法。 - 該生物学的サンプルが、第1の時点と後期の時点との間に前立腺癌の治療を受けた患者から得たものであって、これを用いることで癌の腫瘍成長又は癌の進行に対する治療の効果をモニターすることを特徴とする、請求項6又は7に記載の方法。
- ヒト患者における前立腺癌の予後判定を行う方法であって、
(a)患者から得た生物学的サンプル又はその抽出物について、前立腺癌特異的なPCA3 mRNA配列に特異的な第1のプライマーペアと、PSA mRNA配列に特異的な第2のプライマーペアとを用いて in vitro 核酸増幅アッセイを行う工程、
(b)PCA3 mRNA配列とPSA mRNA配列を定量する工程、及び
(c)PSAに対するPCA3の正規化された量比を計算する工程であり、該量比は、該患者におけるPCA3 mRNAレベル及びPSA mRNAレベルと相関させることができるものである、
を包含し、該生物学的サンプルは尿、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検、精液及び膀胱洗浄物からなる群より選ばれ、PSAに対するPCA3の該正規化された量比は、前立腺癌のグレード又はステージと相関性を有することを特徴とする方法。 - (a)該PCA3/PSA比が200×10-3を超える場合には、患者の予後は不良であると判定し、
(b)該PCA3/PSA比が75×10-3〜200×10-3である場合には、患者の予後は中庸であると判定し、
(c)該PCA3/PSA比が0〜75×10-3である場合には、患者の予後は良好又は危険度は低いと判定する
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜12及び18〜20のいずれかに記載の方法。 - (a)該PCA3/PSA比が200×10-3を超える場合には、グリーソンスコア7超と相関させ、
(b)該PCA3/PSA比が75×10-3〜200×10-3である場合には、グリーソンスコア6又は7と相関させ、
(c)該PCA3/PSA比が0〜75×10-3である場合には、グリーソンスコア0〜5と相関させる
ことを特徴とする、請求項16又は17に記載の方法。 - 該カットオフ値が、132×10-3及び200×10-3からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
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