JP4939648B2 - オキシエチレン基を含む膜 - Google Patents
オキシエチレン基を含む膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4939648B2 JP4939648B2 JP2010509287A JP2010509287A JP4939648B2 JP 4939648 B2 JP4939648 B2 JP 4939648B2 JP 2010509287 A JP2010509287 A JP 2010509287A JP 2010509287 A JP2010509287 A JP 2010509287A JP 4939648 B2 JP4939648 B2 JP 4939648B2
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- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- groups
- film
- composition
- oxyethylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 104
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 35
- -1 alkylene glycol Chemical compound 0.000 description 30
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012958 Amine synergist Substances 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Substances CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical group NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHXJMPVUVKIGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(C)(C)O)C=C1 JHXJMPVUVKIGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIZHFBODNLEQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethoxy-1-phenylethanone Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PIZHFBODNLEQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJKGAPPUXSSCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 GJKGAPPUXSSCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- ZCAKXIMITCASOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-2-methylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(O)COC1=CC=C(C(=O)C(C)(C)O)C=C1 ZCAKXIMITCASOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUJMEECXHPYQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 LUJMEECXHPYQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical group C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical group C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBHQYYNDKZDVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylphenyl]-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 DBHQYYNDKZDVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHLPGTXWCFQMIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-prop-2-enoyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC(=O)C=C)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OC(=O)C=C)C=C1 FHLPGTXWCFQMIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUCYFKSBFREPBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [phenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphoryl]-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C GUCYFKSBFREPBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNVTZAIYUGUKNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzo[1,2-a:1',2'-e][7]annulen-11-one Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 SNVTZAIYUGUKNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DOMLXBPXLNDFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;methyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCC.COC(=O)C=C DOMLXBPXLNDFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRRXPPIDPYTNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctanesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RRRXPPIDPYTNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJCBRWRFLHBSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dimethylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PJCBRWRFLHBSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZHYFIQDSBZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylphenyl)-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1P(O)(=O)C(=O)C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C QGZHYFIQDSBZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYLWFKPMPMYNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylphenyl)methanamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCC1=CC=CC=C1CN BYLWFKPMPMYNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKGKXGQVRVAKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CKGKXGQVRVAKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JENOLWCGNVWTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-dimethylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JENOLWCGNVWTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHULEACXTONYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 SHULEACXTONYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URBLVRAVOIVZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 URBLVRAVOIVZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UROHSXQUJQQUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4-benzoylphenyl)methyl-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UROHSXQUJQQUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WXPWZZHELZEVPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXPWZZHELZEVPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSTHBHCRNGPPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)octane-1-sulfonamide Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SSTHBHCRNGPPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011416 infrared curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MGFYSGNNHQQTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodonium Chemical compound [IH2+] MGFYSGNNHQQTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVRJMGCWMBVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcarbamothioylsulfanyl n-methylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound CNC(=S)SSC(=S)NC JPVRJMGCWMBVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N parbenate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CO WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVBBRRALBYAZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YVBBRRALBYAZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPAFOABSQZMTHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HPAFOABSQZMTHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(4-phenylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003424 phenylacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003279 phenylacetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007767 slide coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 2-anthraquinonesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006389 thiodiglycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
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- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/52—Polyethers
- B01D71/521—Aliphatic polyethers
- B01D71/5211—Polyethylene glycol or polyethyleneoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Y10T428/249922—Embodying intertwined or helical component[s]
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Description
Lin et al. (Macromolecules, Vol. 38 (2005) 8394-8407, 9679-9687)には、重合可能な基であるビニル基を伴うPEG含有ポリマーで、743Daの分子量を有するものが記載されている。同様なポリマーは、Lin et al. (Journal of Membrane Science 276 (2006) 145-161); Lin et al. (Macromolecules 39 (2006) 3568-3580;及びLin et al. (Advanced Materials 18 (2006) 39-44)に記載されている。これらの刊行物においては、これらのポリマーから製造された膜の透過性の性質に関して研究が報告されているが、本発明の具体的な化学的組成を有するポリマーを含む膜を調製することにより物理的強度を改良することができるという開示や示唆は存在しない。特に、これらの先行文献は、膜の物理的特徴に対するオキシエチレン基の含量や重合可能な化合物の分子量については触れていない。
aは、少なくとも1〜1100未満であり、好ましくは25/mより大きく、より好ましくは少なくとも30/mである。
zは、少なくとも1〜1100未満であり、好ましくは25/pより大きく、より好ましくは少なくとも30/pである。
mは、2〜6、好ましくは2である。
pは、少なくとも1〜500未満であり、好ましくは1〜100である。
Rmは、mに対応する多価ラジカル:R2(m=2)、R3(m=3)、R4(m=4)、R5(m=5)、R6(m=6)、である。
R2は、R21又はR22であり、式中、R21は、例えば、アルキレン基−(CH2)x−、−C(CH3)2−、−CH2−C(CH3)2−CH2−、−C6H4−、−C6H3R1−、C6R1 4−、−C6H4−CH2−C6H4−、−C6H4−CH(CH3)−C6H4−、−C6H4−C(CH3)2−C6H4−、又はポリアルキレングリコール(例えば、ポリ(プロピレングリコール)、ポリ(ブチレングリコール)、ポリ(トリメチレングリコール)、ポリ(テトラメチレングリコール))である。
R22は、例えば、カルボニル基−C(=O)−又は式:−C(=O)−R21−C(=O)−のジカルボキシル基、式:−C(=O)−NH−R21−NH−C(=O)−、又は式:−C(=O)−O−R21−O−C(=O)−のジカルバメート基である。
式中、xは、1〜10であり、R1は、H、又はC1−C10のアルキル基、又は芳香族基、又はアルコキシ基、又はエステル基である。
(式中、xは、1〜10であり、R1は、H、又はC1−C10のアルキル基、又は芳香族基、又はアルコキシ基、又はエステル基である。)である。
分子中のオキシエチレンセグメントの総数は、n=z*m又はn=z*pである。
重合可能な化合物の混合物は、好ましくは、重合を行うために放射線に供する。原則として、存在する場合は光開始剤の吸収スペクトルと適合する限りは、又は、光開始剤の必要性なく重合可能な化合物を直接重合(又は硬化)させるのに充分なエネルギーを提供する限りは、例えば、紫外線、可視線、又は赤外線などの、任意の適する波長の(電磁)放射線を使用することができる。「硬化」及び「重合」の用語は、本明細書中に亘って互換可能に用いている。赤外線による硬化は、熱効果としても知られている。したがって、重合は、エチレン不飽和基をもつモノマーを熱反応性のあるフリーラジカル開始剤と組み合わせて、この混合物を加熱することにより、行ってもよい。例示的な熱反応性フリーラジカル開始剤は、エチルペルオキシオド及びベンジルペルオキシドなどの有機ペルオキシド;メチルハイドロペルオキシドなどのハイドロペルオキシド、ベンゾインなどのアシロイン;α,α’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及びγ,γ’−アゾビス(γ−シアノ吉草酸)などの一定のアゾ化合物;ペルサルフェート;メチルペルアセテート及びtert−ブチルペルアセテートなどのペルアセテート;ジメチルペルオキサレート及びジ(tert−ブチル)ペルオキサレートなどのペルオキサレート;ジメチルチウラムジスルフィドなどのジスルフィド、及びメチルエチルケトンペルオキシドなどのケトンペルオキシドである。約30℃〜約150℃の範囲の温度を一般に使用する。約40℃〜約110℃の範囲の温度を使用する場合が多い。
上述の添加剤(光開始剤、アミン相乗剤、界面活性剤、連鎖移動剤、可塑剤、慣用的な添加剤)は、当業者に知られているものから選択することができ、好ましくは、重合すべき組成物に基づいて、0〜10重量%の範囲の量で添加することができる。上述の諸成分はすべて、単独で、又は互いに組み合わせて使用することができる。これらは、水中に溶解、分散、ポリマー分散、エマルジョン化した後で、添加することができ、又は油滴へと転化することができる。
・少なくとも1500Daの分子量を有する化合物で、少なくとも75重量%のオキシエチレン基と非置換ビニル基を各々含む少なくとも二つの重合可能な基とを含む化合物を含む組成物を提供する工程;
・その組成物を支持体に適用する工程;
・前記組成物を重合することにより、非多孔性のポリマーフィルムを形成する工程;
・場合により、そのポリマーフィルムを洗浄及び/又は乾燥する工程;
・場合により、その支持体が極性のある気体に対して非多孔性である場合に、重合した組成物を取り出して支持されていない膜を形成する工程。
架橋可能な組成物を重合し架橋するために高強度UV光を適用する際は、UVランプ(単数又は複数)により熱が発生する。多くの系において、ランプがオーバーヒートしないように空気による冷却が適用される。更に、有意な線量のIR光をUVビームとともに照射する。一つの態様において、UVランプ(単数又は複数)とランプの下にガイドされるコーティングされた層の間にIR反射石英板を置くことにより、コーティングされた支持体の加熱を低減する。
以下に説明するように混合物を調製した。
混合物をガラス板上にバーコーター(R K Print Coat Instruments Ltd.からのらせん状巻き取りKバー)によりコーティング厚さ200μmでコーティングし、ベンチトップコンベアLC6Eに取り付けられたLight-Hammer(商標)(両方ともFusion UV Systemsにより供給)を用いた100%UVパワー(D−バルブ)及びコンベア速度15m/minでのUV光への曝露により、硬化させた。
膜の物理的性質の評価
得られたフリーフィルムを厚さ3mmのプラスチック板の周りで曲げることにより膜の物理的強度(曲げ性(bendability))を評価し、試験の結果にしたがってA〜Eでランク付けした。
B: 120°〜150°で破断する
C: 90°〜120°で破断する
D: 60°〜90°で破断する
E: <60°で破断する
膜のEO含量の計算
膜が支持体から分離されていない場合は支持体を含めずに、非揮発性成分のEO含量を測定することにより、膜のEO含量を計算した。架橋可能な化合物のEO含量は、以下の表に示す。Zonyl(商標)FSN100のEO含量は60%と見積もった。Additol(商標)HDMAPはEO基を含有しない。EO含量は次のように計算する:
EO含量={(各非揮発性化合物の重量%)*(各非揮発性化合物中のオキシエチレンフラクションの平均MW)/(各非揮発性化合物の平均MW)}/{総個体含量}
式中、組成物の総個体含量は、非揮発性成分により形成される。結果を以下の表に示す。
気体透過性の評価
得られるフィルムを通過するCO2及びN2のフラックスを、各々の気体について別々に、測定直径4.2cmのMilliporeからの気体透過セルを用いて、80℃及び気体供給圧2000kPa(20bar)で測定した。透過性Pは以下の式に基づいて計算した。
式中、Fは気体流れ(SCCM)、Lは膜厚(マイクロメートル)、Aは膜面積=0.001385m2、pは供給気体圧(kPa)、及び「×」は掛けることを意味する。STPは、標準温度、標準圧力、すなわち、0℃、1atmであり、1m3(STP)は、STP条件において1m3であり、SCCMは、「標準cc/min」であり、STP条件での流れ(cc/min)(cm3(STP)/min=×10−6m3(STP)/min)である。気体の流れはデジタルフローメータで測定する。
αCO2/N2=PCO2/PN2
比較例1
50部のPEG600DA(Sigma Aldrichからのポリ(エチレングリコール)ジアクリレート、平均Mn=700Da)を0.09部のZonyl(商標)FSN100(DuPontから)、0.5部のAdditol(商標)HDMAP(Cytec Surface Specialitiesからの2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1−プロパノン)、及び49.4部の水と混合した。
乾燥前の硬化させた混合物はゲル状の外観を有し、乾燥後にフィルムをガラス板から取り外すことができたが、非常に簡単に破断した(曲げられない)。
フィルムを通過するCO2の流れは、1.58SCCMであり、N2の流れは、フローメータの検出限界(0.2SCCM)未満であった。したがって、CO2透過性は、(1.58×150×10−12)/(60×0.001385×2000)=1.426×10−12m3(STP).m/m2.s.kPaである。
比較例2
50部のBPA-(EO)30-DMA(Sigma AldrichからのビスフェノールAエトキシレートジメタクリレート、平均Mn=1700Da)を0.09部のZonyl(商標)FSN100(DuPontから)、0.5部のAdditol(商標)HDMAP(Cytec Surface Specialitiesからの2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1−プロパノン)、及び49.4部の水と混合した。
実施例1
50部のCD9038(Sartomerからのエトキシル化(30)ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、平均Mn=1656Da)を0.09部のZonyl(商標)FSN100(DuPontから)、0.5部のAdditol(商標)HDMAP(Cytec Surface Specialitiesからの2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1−プロパノン)、及び49.4部の水と混合した。
乾燥前の硬化させた混合物はゲル状の外観を有していた。乾燥後にフィルムをガラス板から取り外すことができ、ある程度まで(>120°)曲げることができた。乾燥フィルムの厚さは150マイクロメートルであった。
実施例2
CD9038の代わりにPRO4252(Sartomerからのポリ(エチレングリコール)1450ジアクリレート(Mn=578Da))を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同じ手順にしたがって実施例2を行った。乾燥前の硬化させた混合物はゲル状の外観を有し、乾燥後にフィルムをガラス板から取り外すことができた。結果を表1に示す。
実施例3
CD9038の代わりにPEG4000DA(Monomer-Polymer & Dajac Laboratories, Inc.からのポリ(エチレングリコール)4000ジアクリレート(Mn=4126Da))を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同じ手順にしたがって実施例3を行った。乾燥前の硬化させた混合物はゲル状の外観を有し、乾燥後にフィルムをガラス板から取り外すことができた。結果を表1に示す。
実施例4
CD9038の代わりにPEG2000DA(Monomer-Polymer & Dajac Laboratories, Inc.からのポリ(エチレングリコール)2000ジアクリレート(Mn=2126Da))を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同じ手順にしたがって実施例3を行った。乾燥前の硬化させた混合物はゲル状の外観を有し、乾燥後にフィルムをガラス板から取り外すことができた。結果を表1に示す。
結果
アクリレート基を伴うすべての例の重合はUV光による硬化で問題がなかった。メタクリレート基を伴う例は、不十分な硬化を与え、フィルムは、支持体から分離することができなかった。
膜の物理的強度(曲げ性)は、最も大きい相対的なオキシエチレン含量、すなわち最も高い分子量を有する重合可能な化合物で最良であった。
使用したフローメータの検出限界未満(0.2SCCMより低い)非常に低い窒素流れのために、選択性については最小の値のみが確認された。
重合可能な化合物とMPEG−A(ポリ(エチレングリコール)メチルエーテルアクリレート)との混合物による実験
比較例3
50部のPEG600DAの代わりに、25部のPEG600DA及び25部のMPEG-A(Sigma Aldrichからのポリ(エチレングリコール)メチルエーテルアクリレート、Mn〜454Da))を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同じ手順にしたがって比較例3を行った。結果を表2に示す。
実施例5
PEG600DAの代わりにCD9038を使用したこと以外は、比較例3と同じ手順にしたがって実施例5を行った。結果を表2に示す。
実施例6
PEG600DAの代わりにPRO4252を使用したこと以外は、比較例3と同じ手順にしたがって実施例6を行った。結果を表2に示す。
比較例4
PEG600DAの代わりに、CN435(Sartomerからのエトキシル化(15)トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、Mn〜454Da))を使用したこと以外は、比較例3と同じ手順にしたがって比較例4を行った。得られたフィルムは、非常に脆く、簡単に破断したので、気体透過性の性質は測定できなかった。結果を表2に示す。
実施例7
PEG600DAの代わりに、AT-30E(Shin-Nakamura Chemicalsからのエトキシル化(30)トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、Mn〜454Da))を使用したこと以外は、比較例3と同じ手順にしたがって実施例7を行った。結果を表2に示す。
結果
重合可能な化合物と一官能性モノマーとの混合物により得られた結果は、この混合物に関して高い透過性の値が得られたことを除いて、重合可能な化合物に関して上述した結果と整合した。この結果は、一官能性モノマーはマトリクス中に硬化するが架橋密度には貢献しないため、架橋密度が低いことにより説明することができる。よって、高いオキシエチレン含量により、より高い強度、CO2についてより高い透過性をもつ膜がもたらされる。
複合膜の実施例
実施例8
8部のCD9038(Sartomerからのエトキシル化(30)ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、Mn=1656Da)、及び2部のAquacalk TWB(Sumitomo Seikaからの化学的に架橋したポリ(オキシアルキレン))を、0.3部のZonyl(商標)FSN100(DuPontから)、0.5部のAdditol(商標)HDMAP(Cytec Surface Specialitiesから)、6部のイソプロパノール、及び83.2部の水と混合した。GMT Membrantechnik GmbH(ドイツ)からのポリアクリロニトリル膜GMT-L-6を多孔性支持体として使用した。複合膜を同時多層法により形成した。この方法においては、不活性な液体及び硬化可能な組成物を、2スロットを用いるスライドビードコーター、照射源、及び複合膜収集ステーションを用いて、連続的に多孔性支持体に適用した。多孔性支持体は、30m/minの速度で、スライドビードコーターから照射源に、次いで乾燥ステーション上へと移動した。水を不活性液体として使用した。水は100ミクロンの厚さで低層(低部スロット)として適用し、硬化可能な組成物は15ミクロンの厚さで上層(上部スロット)として適用した。不活性液体と硬化可能な組成物の両方の温度は35℃であった。コーティングされた膜は、取り付けられたUVランプの100%強度を適用するFusion UV SystemsからのUV硬化装置Light Hammer LH6の元を通過し、次いで、ラインは更に温度40℃、相対湿度8%の乾燥帯域に進んだ。
Aquacalk TWBのオキシエチレン(EO)含量は95%と見積もった。非多孔性層のEO含量は78.3重量%であった。
実施例9
実施例8の硬化可能な組成物及び支持体を用いて連続多層方法により複合膜を調製した。第一工程として、ポリアクリロニトリル膜を、不活性液体として水を充填した浴中に通過させ、表面上の過剰な液滴をエアナイフで除去した。次いで、飽和した膜を、30m/minの速度で厚さ15ミクロンでスライドビーズコーター(1スロットを用いる)を用いて、硬化可能な組成物でコーティングした。以下の硬化及び乾燥工程は、実施例8に記載したとおりであった。
非多孔性層のオキシエチレン含量は78.3重量%であった。
Claims (9)
- 少なくとも75重量%の−(−CH 2 −CH 2 −O−)−(オキシエチレン)基を含み、かつ、少なくとも1500Daの分子量を有し、かつ、各々、CH2=CH−(非置換ビニル)基を含む少なくとも二つの重合可能な基を含む化合物を含む組成物の重合生成物を含む連続的な実質的に非多孔性の層を含む膜であって、前記オキシエチレン基は、式−(CH 2 CH 2 O) n −(式中、nは少なくとも25である)の中断されていない鎖を形成する、前記膜。
- 前記重合可能な基の少なくとも二つが、アクリレート基である、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記連続的で実質的に非多孔性の層が、少なくとも60重量%のオキシエチレン基を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の膜。
- 膜の純水透過率が、20℃で6×10−8m3/m2skPa未満である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 前記化合物が、90重量%より多いオキシエチレン基を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 多孔性支持体に接合された、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 少なくとも一つのカートリッジと、少なくとも一つの請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の膜とを含むモジュール。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の膜を製造するための方法であって、次の工程:
a.前記組成物を提供する工程;
b.前記組成物を支持体に施用する工程;
c.前記組成物を重合することにより、実質的に非多孔性であるポリマーフィルムを形成する工程;
d.場合により、該ポリマーフィルムを該支持体から分離する工程;及び
e.場合により、該ポリマーフィルムを洗浄及び/又は乾燥する工程
を含む、前記方法。 - 該重合工程が、該施用した組成物を、1秒未満、放射線に曝露することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
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2008
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KR102594330B1 (ko) | 2021-04-02 | 2023-10-25 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 물 감응성 소프트 엑추에이터 및 이의 제조방법 |
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WO2008143514A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
US20100162892A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
JP2010527764A (ja) | 2010-08-19 |
US8177892B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
KR20100017892A (ko) | 2010-02-16 |
CN101754798A (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
CN101754798B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
EP2155371A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
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