JP4914382B2 - 発光素子、発光装置、及び照明装置 - Google Patents
発光素子、発光装置、及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4914382B2 JP4914382B2 JP2008038532A JP2008038532A JP4914382B2 JP 4914382 B2 JP4914382 B2 JP 4914382B2 JP 2008038532 A JP2008038532 A JP 2008038532A JP 2008038532 A JP2008038532 A JP 2008038532A JP 4914382 B2 JP4914382 B2 JP 4914382B2
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- emitting element
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- CQPFEGQUHFFKME-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=NC2=CC=C(C=C2N=C1)C=1C=C2N=CC=NC2=CC1 Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=NC2=CC=C(C=C2N=C1)C=1C=C2N=CC=NC2=CC1 CQPFEGQUHFFKME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUMVABVDHWICAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl-N-[4-[4-[N-(9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-yl)anilino]phenyl]phenyl]-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C4(C5=CC=CC=C5C5=CC=CC=C54)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=CC=2)C=C1 VUMVABVDHWICAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NClO Chemical compound NClO PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroanthracene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1 XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl pbd Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHQBDOOJEZXHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk3i0272 Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=C1C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(C=4C(=C(C=5C=CC=CC=5)C(C=5C=CC=CC=5)=C(C=5C=CC=CC=5)C=4C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)=C4C=CC=CC4=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BHQBDOOJEZXHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNDJVIYUJOJFSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetylene Chemical group C#CC#N LNDJVIYUJOJFSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005567 fluorenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- WOYDRSOIBHFMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,9-diphenyl-n-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 WOYDRSOIBHFMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCCYEOZLSGJEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,9-triphenyl-10h-anthracen-9-amine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CC2=CC=CC=C2C1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NCCYEOZLSGJEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRWAGLGPZJUQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)-4-[2-[4-(n-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]ethenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=CC=1C=CC(C=C1)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)C1=CC=CC=C1 CRWAGLGPZJUQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJNJGJDDJIBTBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(9,10-diphenylanthracen-2-yl)-n,9-diphenylcarbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 AJNJGJDDJIBTBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Nitrosodimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)N=O UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhenium Chemical compound [Re]=O DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000078 poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C07D241/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D241/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms
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Description
まず、本発明の発光素子の原理に関して説明する。図1は、本発明の発光素子のバンド図の一例である。本発明の発光素子は、第1の電極101と第2の電極102の間に、第1の層114と、発光物質を含む第2の層113とを有しており、第1の層114は、第2の層113と第2の電極102の間に設けられている。第1の層114は、電子輸送性である第1の有機化合物141と、第2の有機化合物142とを有しており、第1の層114には第2の有機化合物142よりも第1の有機化合物141の方が多く含まれている。また、図1に示す通り、第2の有機化合物142のLUMO準位は、第1の有機化合物141のLUMO準位よりも低い位置にあるため、第2の有機化合物142は電子トラップ性を有している。なお、図1の第2の層113においては、第3の有機化合物131に発光物質132が添加されている構成を例示しているが、発光物質のみで第2の層を構成してもよい。また、112は正孔輸送層、115は電子輸送層であるが、これらの層は必ずしも必要ではなく、適宜設ければよい。
本実施の形態2では、上述した本発明のキノキサリン誘導体の合成法について説明する。以下では、上述の一般式(1)で表されるキノキサリン誘導体を例に、合成法を説明する。
本実施の形態は、本発明に係る複数の発光ユニットを積層した構成の発光素子(以下、積層型素子という)の態様について、図5を参照して説明する。この発光素子は、第1の電極と第2の電極との間に、複数の発光ユニットを有する積層型発光素子である。発光ユニットとしては、実施の形態1で示したEL層203と同様な構成を用いることができる。つまり、実施の形態1および実施の形態2で示した発光素子は、1つの発光ユニットを有する発光素子であるが、本実施の形態では、複数の発光ユニットを有する発光素子について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の発光素子を有する発光装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態4に示す発光装置をその一部に含む本発明の電子機器について説明する。本発明の電子機器は、実施の形態1や実施の形態3で示した発光素子を有し、寿命の長い表示部を有する。また、発光効率の高い発光素子を有するため、消費電力の低減された表示部を得ることができる。
まず、ガラス基板1100上に、酸化珪素を含むインジウムスズ酸化物をスパッタリング法にて成膜し、第1の電極1101を形成した。なお、その膜厚は110nmとし、電極面積は2mm×2mmとした。
本比較例1では、上述した発光素子1の電子の移動を制御する層1114を設けないような構成とした、比較発光素子2を作製した。比較発光素子2について図18を用いて説明する。
まず、ガラス基板1100上に、酸化珪素を含むインジウムスズ酸化物をスパッタリング法にて成膜し、第1の電極1101を形成した。なお、その膜厚は110nmとし、電極面積は2mm×2mmとした。
まず、3,3’−ジアミノベンジジン2.2g(10mmol)、4,4’−ジフルオロベンジル5.2g(20mmol)、クロロホルム100mLを500mL三口フラスコへ入れた。この溶液を80℃で約12時間還流したところ、淡黄色固体が析出したため、まずこの固体を吸引ろ過により回収した。一方、ろ液を水と1.0mol/L塩酸で洗浄した後、有機層を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムにより乾燥した。この混合物を自然ろ過して硫酸マグネシウムを除去し、ろ液を濃縮したところ、淡黄色固体を得た。この固体と、反応直後に回収した淡黄色固体とを合わせて、エタノールにより再結晶したところ、目的物である2、3、2’、3’―テトラキス(4−フルオロフェニル)―6、6’―ビキノキサリン(略称:FDPQ2)の淡黄色粉末状固体6.0gを収率94%で得た。さらに、得られた淡黄色粉末状固体2.4gは、トレインサブリメーション法により昇華精製した。昇華精製条件は、圧力8.7Pa、アルゴンガスを流量3.0mL/minで流しながら、300℃で加熱した。昇華精製後、FDPQ2の淡黄色粉末状固体を2.2g回収率94%で得た。なお、FDPQ2の合成スキームは下記の通りである。
まず、FDPQ2のエネルギーギャップを評価した。図26の吸収スペクトルのデータを、直接遷移を仮定したtaucプロットに変換することにより、FDPQ2の固体状態におけるエネルギーギャップを見積もることができる。その結果、FDPQ2のエネルギーギャップは3.0eVであることがわかった。
また、図25および図26から、FDPQ2の発光ピーク波長は、トルエン溶液中が415nm、蒸着膜が430nmであり、本発明に好ましい発光ピーク波長(350nm以上450nm以下)を有していることがわかる。
次に、FDPQ2の電子トラップ性を評価した。評価は、実施例1で用いた電子輸送性の第1の有機化合物であるAlqと、電子トラップ性の第2の有機化合物であるFDPQ2の還元反応特性をサイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べ、その測定からAlqおよびFDPQ2のLUMO準位を求めることにより行った。なお測定には、電気化学アナライザー(ビー・エー・エス(株)製、型番:ALSモデル600Aまたは600C)を用いた。
まず、本実施例4で用いる参照電極(Ag/Ag+電極)の真空準位に対するポテンシャルエネルギー(eV)を算出した。つまり、Ag/Ag+電極のフェルミ準位を算出した。メタノール中におけるフェロセンの酸化還元電位は、標準水素電極に対して+0.610V[vs. SHE]であることが知られている(参考文献;Christian R.Goldsmith et al., J.Am.Chem.Soc., Vol.124, No.1,83−96, 2002)。一方、本実施例4で用いる参照電極を用いて、メタノール中におけるフェロセンの酸化還元電位を求めたところ、+0.20V[vs.Ag/Ag+]であった。したがって、本実施例4で用いる参照電極のポテンシャルエネルギーは、標準水素電極に対して0.41[eV]低くなっていることがわかった。なお、フェロセンの濃度は1mmol/Lとした。
次に、FDPQ2の還元反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図28に示す。なお、還元反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.48Vから−1.90Vまで走査した後、−1.90Vから−0.48Vまで走査することにより行った。なお、FDPQ2の濃度は10mmol/Lとした。
さらに、Alqの還元反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図29に示す。なお、還元反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.69Vから−2.40Vまで走査した後、−2.40Vから−0.69Vまで走査することにより行った。なお、Alqの濃度は1mmol/Lとした。
まず、FDPQのエネルギーギャップを評価した。FDPQの蒸着膜の吸収スペクトルを図30に示す。図30の吸収スペクトルのデータを、直接遷移を仮定したtaucプロットに変換することにより、FDPQの固体状態におけるエネルギーギャップを見積もることができる。その結果、FDPQのエネルギーギャップは3.2eVであることがわかった。
FDPQの蒸着膜の発光スペクトルを図30に示す。なお、励起波長は357nmとした。図30から、FDPQの発光ピーク波長は、蒸着膜において406nmであり、本発明に好ましい発光ピーク波長(350nm以上450nm以下)を有していることがわかる。
次に、FDPQの電子トラップ性を評価した。評価は、実施例2で用いた電子輸送性の第1の有機化合物であるAlqと、電子トラップ性の第2の有機化合物であるFDPQの還元反応特性をサイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べ、その測定からAlqおよびFDPQのLUMO準位を求めることにより行った。なお測定は、実施例4と同様にして行った。
FDPQの還元反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図31に示す。なお、還元反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.37Vから−2.30Vまで走査した後、−2.30Vから−0.37Vまで走査することにより行った。なお、FDPQの濃度は10mmol/Lとした。
まず、ガラス基板1100上に、酸化珪素を含むインジウムスズ酸化物をスパッタリング法にて成膜し、第1の電極1101を形成した。なお、その膜厚は110nmとし、電極面積は2mm×2mmとした。
102 第2の電極
112 正孔輸送層
113 第2の層
114 第1の層
115 電子輸送層
131 有機化合物
132 発光物質
141 有機化合物
142 有機化合物
200 基板
201 第1の電極
202 第2の電極
203 EL層
211 正孔注入層
212 正孔輸送層
213 第2の層
214 第1の層
215 電子輸送層
216 電子注入層
217 電子輸送性の高い物質を含む層
501 第1の電極
502 第2の電極
511 第1の発光ユニット
512 第2の発光ユニット
513 電荷発生層
601 ソース側駆動回路
602 画素部
603 ゲート側駆動回路
604 封止基板
605 シール材
607 空間
608 配線
609 FPC(フレキシブルプリントサーキット)
610 素子基板
611 スイッチング用TFT
612 電流制御用TFT
613 第1の電極
614 絶縁物
616 EL層
617 第2の電極
618 発光素子
623 Nチャネル型TFT
624 Pチャネル型TFT
701 基板
702 電極
703 絶縁層
704 隔壁層
705 EL層
706 電極
901 筐体
902 液晶層
903 バックライト
904 筐体
905 ドライバIC
906 端子
1001 筐体
1002 光源
1003 照明装置
1004 テレビ装置
1100 ガラス基板
1101 第1の電極
1102 第2の電極
1111 複合材料を含む層
1112 正孔輸送層
1113 発光層
1114 電子の移動を制御する層
1115 電子輸送層
1116 電子注入層
2100 ガラス基板
2101 第1の電極
2102 第2の電極
2111 複合材料を含む層
2112 正孔輸送層
2113 発光層
2115 電子輸送層
2116 電子注入層
9101 筐体
9102 支持台
9103 表示部
9104 スピーカー部
9105 ビデオ入力端子
9201 本体
9202 筐体
9203 表示部
9204 キーボード
9205 外部接続ポート
9206 ポインティングマウス
9401 本体
9402 筐体
9403 表示部
9404 音声入力部
9405 音声出力部
9406 操作キー
9407 外部接続ポート
9408 アンテナ
9501 本体
9502 表示部
9503 筐体
9504 外部接続ポート
9505 リモコン受信部
9506 受像部
9507 バッテリー
9508 音声入力部
9509 操作キー
9510 接眼部
Claims (5)
- 第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極上に形成された複合材料を含む層と、
前記複合材料を含む層上に形成された正孔輸送層と、
前記正孔輸送層上に形成された発光層と、
前記発光層上に形成された第1の層と、
前記第1の層上に形成された電子輸送層と、
前記電子輸送層上に形成された電子注入層と、
前記電子注入層上に形成された第2の電極と、を有し、
前記第1の電極は、酸化珪素を含むインジウムスズ酸化物を用いて形成され、
前記複合材料を含む層は、4,4’−ビス[N−(1−ナフチル)−N−フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル、及び酸化モリブデン(VI)を用いて形成され、
前記正孔輸送層は、4,4’−ビス[N−(1−ナフチル)−N−フェニルアミノ]ビフェニルを用いて形成され、
前記発光層は、9−[4−(10−フェニル−9−アントリル)フェニル]−9H−カルバゾール、及びN−(9,10−ジフェニル−2−アントリル)−N,9−ジフェニル−9H−カルバゾール−3−アミンを用いて形成され、
前記第1の層は、トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウム(III)、及び2,3,2’,3’−テトラキス(4−フルオロフェニル)−6,6’−ビキノキサリンを用いて形成され、
前記電子輸送層は、バソフェナントロリンを用いて形成され、
前記電子注入層は、フッ化リチウムを用いて形成され、
前記第2の電極は、アルミニウムを用いて形成されていることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極上に形成された発光層と、
前記発光層上に形成された第1の層と、
前記第1の層上に形成された第2の電極と、を有し、
前記発光層は、9−[4−(10−フェニル−9−アントリル)フェニル]−9H−カルバゾール、及びN−(9,10−ジフェニル−2−アントリル)−N,9−ジフェニル−9H−カルバゾール−3−アミンを用いて形成され、
前記第1の層は、トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウム(III)、及び2,3,2’,3’−テトラキス(4−フルオロフェニル)−6,6’−ビキノキサリンを用いて形成されていることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の発光素子を有する発光装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の発光素子と、前記発光素子の発光を制御する制御手段とを有する発光装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の発光素子を有する照明装置。
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JP2013063983A (ja) * | 2007-02-21 | 2013-04-11 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | キノキサリン誘導体および発光装置 |
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US7875879B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 |
US20080217608A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
JP2008235879A (ja) | 2008-10-02 |
JP2013063983A (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
JP5483752B2 (ja) | 2014-05-07 |
WO2008102713A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
CN102214805A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
JP2012074754A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
TW201444807A (zh) | 2014-12-01 |
CN102214805B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
EP2113133B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
EP2573075B1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
CN101627487A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
EP2113133A1 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
EP2113133A4 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
KR101596676B1 (ko) | 2016-02-23 |
CN101627487B (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
TWI545116B (zh) | 2016-08-11 |
KR20090125115A (ko) | 2009-12-03 |
US8362472B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
EP2573075A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
TW200913774A (en) | 2009-03-16 |
TWI461099B (zh) | 2014-11-11 |
US20110121721A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
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