JP4866860B2 - 内燃エンジン用部品への耐高温劣化性の付与 - Google Patents
内燃エンジン用部品への耐高温劣化性の付与 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4866860B2 JP4866860B2 JP2007546870A JP2007546870A JP4866860B2 JP 4866860 B2 JP4866860 B2 JP 4866860B2 JP 2007546870 A JP2007546870 A JP 2007546870A JP 2007546870 A JP2007546870 A JP 2007546870A JP 4866860 B2 JP4866860 B2 JP 4866860B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- based alloy
- component
- balance
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001068 laves phase Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008938 W—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 and / or W. Further Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US63639804P | 2004-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | |
| US60/636,398 | 2004-12-15 | ||
| PCT/US2005/045318 WO2006065939A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-15 | Imparting high-temperature degradation resistance to components for internal combustion engine systems |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008524444A JP2008524444A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
| JP2008524444A5 JP2008524444A5 (enExample) | 2009-02-19 |
| JP4866860B2 true JP4866860B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 |
Family
ID=36088298
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007546870A Expired - Fee Related JP4866860B2 (ja) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-15 | 内燃エンジン用部品への耐高温劣化性の付与 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US8383203B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1844182B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4866860B2 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE478977T1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2595712C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE602005023218D1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2006065939A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4545068B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-25 | 2010-09-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 可変容量型排気ターボ過給機及び可変ノズル機構構成部材の製造方法 |
| US7749570B2 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2010-07-06 | General Electric Company | Method for depositing a platinum-group-containing layer on a substrate |
| US8235092B2 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2012-08-07 | Minop Co. | Insulated investment casting mold and method of making |
| DE102008053222A1 (de) * | 2008-10-25 | 2010-04-29 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Turbolader |
| US8962154B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2015-02-24 | Kennametal Inc. | Wear resistant inner coating for pipes and pipe fittings |
| CN104024616A (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-09-03 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | 涂层活塞以及一种制造涂层活塞的方法 |
| US8828312B2 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2014-09-09 | Kennametal Inc. | Dilution control in hardfacing severe service components |
| RU2014146428A (ru) * | 2012-04-29 | 2016-06-10 | Боргварнер Инк. | Пакет лопаток vtg турбонагнетателя в сборе с истираемым покрытием |
| US20140272446A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Kannametal Inc. | Wear-resistant claddings |
| US9862029B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-01-09 | Kennametal Inc | Methods of making metal matrix composite and alloy articles |
| US9346101B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-24 | Kennametal Inc. | Cladded articles and methods of making the same |
| DE102013207440A1 (de) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-30 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hebels einer variablen Turbinengeometrie |
| US10221702B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2019-03-05 | Kennametal Inc. | Imparting high-temperature wear resistance to turbine blade Z-notches |
| US10072504B2 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-09-11 | General Electric Company | Alloy, welded article and welding process |
| JP6650347B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-01 | 2020-02-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ターボチャージャ及びその製造方法 |
| DE202016103778U1 (de) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-07-27 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verstellring einer variablen Turbinengeometrie |
| US11117208B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2021-09-14 | Kennametal Inc. | Imparting wear resistance to superalloy articles |
| US11155904B2 (en) | 2019-07-11 | 2021-10-26 | L.E. Jones Company | Cobalt-rich wear resistant alloy and method of making and use thereof |
| US11618075B2 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2023-04-04 | Garrett Transportation I Inc. | Methods for the combined sintering and surface treatment of variable geometry turbocharger vanes |
| US11661861B2 (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-05-30 | Garrett Transportation I Inc. | Bi-metal variable geometry turbocharger vanes and methods for manufacturing the same using laser cladding |
| CN113604709A (zh) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-05 | 沈阳大陆激光先进制造技术创新有限公司 | 一种激光复合制造炉卷辊抗高温压入功能层合金材料及工艺方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001070879A (ja) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-03-21 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 金属基皮膜の形成方法 |
| JP2002146409A (ja) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | 焼結体の製造方法 |
| WO2004009860A1 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-29 | Deloro Stellite Company, Inc. | Wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cobalt-based alloys |
| JP2004153087A (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-27 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 電解コンデンサ陽極素子用電極とその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3257178A (en) * | 1966-06-21 | Coated metal article | ||
| US3331700A (en) * | 1963-04-01 | 1967-07-18 | Du Pont | Method of coating metals |
| US3330700A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1967-07-11 | Electro Optical Systems Inc | Solar-cell panels |
| US3410732A (en) * | 1965-04-30 | 1968-11-12 | Du Pont | Cobalt-base alloys |
| US3361560A (en) | 1966-04-19 | 1968-01-02 | Du Pont | Nickel silicon and refractory metal alloy |
| US3743556A (en) | 1970-03-30 | 1973-07-03 | Composite Sciences | Coating metallic substrate with powdered filler and molten metal |
| US3720537A (en) * | 1970-11-25 | 1973-03-13 | United Aircraft Corp | Process of coating an alloy substrate with an alloy |
| US3676085A (en) * | 1971-02-18 | 1972-07-11 | United Aircraft Corp | Cobalt base coating for the superalloys |
| US3839024A (en) | 1973-02-15 | 1974-10-01 | Du Pont | Wear and corrosion resistant alloy |
| US3795430A (en) | 1972-10-19 | 1974-03-05 | Du Pont | Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces |
| US3989863A (en) | 1975-07-09 | 1976-11-02 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Slurry coating process |
| US4124737A (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1978-11-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | High temperature wear resistant coating composition |
| US4421717A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1983-12-20 | Ford Motor Company | Method of making wear resistant ferrous based parts |
| US4490411A (en) | 1983-03-14 | 1984-12-25 | Darryl Feder | Apparatus for and method of metalizing internal surfaces of metal bodies such as tubes and pipes |
| AR007698A1 (es) | 1996-08-28 | 1999-11-10 | Deere & Co | Metodo para aportar dureza superficial a una superficie metalica y un lodo preparado por dicho metodo |
| EP0882806B1 (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 2002-01-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Hard molybdenum alloy, wear resistant alloy and method for manufacturing the same |
| US6649682B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2003-11-18 | Conforma Clad, Inc | Process for making wear-resistant coatings |
| US7262240B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2007-08-28 | Kennametal Inc. | Process for making wear-resistant coatings |
| JP2001123238A (ja) | 1999-07-27 | 2001-05-08 | Deloro Stellite Co Inc | 鋸ブレードチップ及びそのための合金 |
| CA2348145C (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2005-04-12 | Surface Engineered Products Corporation | Protective system for high temperature metal alloys |
| WO2002070617A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-12 | Liburdi Engineering Limited | Method of application of a protective coating to a substrate |
| US6749894B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-06-15 | Surface Engineered Products Corporation | Corrosion-resistant coatings for steel tubes |
-
2005
- 2005-12-15 US US11/304,127 patent/US8383203B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-15 DE DE602005023218T patent/DE602005023218D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-12-15 CA CA2595712A patent/CA2595712C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-12-15 EP EP05854103A patent/EP1844182B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-15 AT AT05854103T patent/ATE478977T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-12-15 WO PCT/US2005/045318 patent/WO2006065939A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-15 JP JP2007546870A patent/JP4866860B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-01-16 US US13/742,507 patent/US8668959B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2014
- 2014-01-21 US US14/160,034 patent/US20140147595A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001070879A (ja) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-03-21 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 金属基皮膜の形成方法 |
| JP2002146409A (ja) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | 焼結体の製造方法 |
| WO2004009860A1 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-29 | Deloro Stellite Company, Inc. | Wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cobalt-based alloys |
| JP2004153087A (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-27 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 電解コンデンサ陽極素子用電極とその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8668959B2 (en) | 2014-03-11 |
| US20130129926A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
| CA2595712C (en) | 2014-07-29 |
| EP1844182A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| JP2008524444A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
| ATE478977T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
| EP1844182B1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| US20060134455A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
| US20140147595A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
| WO2006065939A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
| CA2595712A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
| WO2006065939A9 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| US8383203B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 |
| DE602005023218D1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
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