JP4767168B2 - ウイルスベクター - Google Patents
ウイルスベクター Download PDFInfo
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- JP4767168B2 JP4767168B2 JP2006520905A JP2006520905A JP4767168B2 JP 4767168 B2 JP4767168 B2 JP 4767168B2 JP 2006520905 A JP2006520905 A JP 2006520905A JP 2006520905 A JP2006520905 A JP 2006520905A JP 4767168 B2 JP4767168 B2 JP 4767168B2
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Description
不活性又は活性が低いプロドラッグを活性型又はより活性の高い形態へと変換することができるプロドラッグ活性化酵素をコードする遺伝子。従って、ウイルスを用いた腫瘍の治療は、プロドラッグの投与を伴う。
- 機能性ICP34.5をコードする遺伝子を欠いたヘルペスウイルスであって、
(i)プロドラッグ変換酵素をコードする遺伝子、
(ii)細胞と細胞との融合を引き起こすことができるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子、及び
(iii)免疫調節タンパク質をコードする遺伝子、
を2以上含む、ヘルペスウイルスを提供する。
(i)プロドラッグ変換酵素をコードする遺伝子、及び
(ii)細胞と細胞との融合を引き起こすことができるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子、
を含む。
- 療法によってヒト又は動物の体を治療する方法に使用するための本発明のヘルペ
スウイルス、
- 癌治療のための薬剤の製造における、本発明のヘルペスウイルスの使用、
- 活性成分として、本発明によるヘルペスウイルス及び製薬上許容可能な担体又は希釈剤を含む、医薬組成物、
- 腫瘍の治療を必要とする個体中において、当該個体に、本発明によるヘルペスウイルスの有効量を投与することによって腫瘍を治療する方法、
を提供する。
本発明のヘルペスウイルスは、効率的に標的腫瘍細胞に感染することができる。ICP34.5をコードする遺伝子は、前記ウイルス中で不活性化している。ICP34.5の変異は、腫瘍退縮活性を選択的とする。ICP34.5遺伝子中の適切な変異については、Chou et al 1990 及び Maclean et al 1991に記載されているが、ICP34.5を非機能性にする任意の変異を使用してよい。このような不活性化が著しく腫瘍退縮効果を低下させる場合、又はこのような欠失がウイルスの腫瘍退縮特性もしくは他の望ましい特性を高める場合、ICP47、ICP6 及び/又はチミジンキナーゼをコードする遺伝子をさらに不活性化してよく、他の遺伝子も同様に不活性化してよい。ICP47をコードする遺伝子が変異している場合、隣接するUS11遺伝子が、HSV複製サイクル中で通常より早い時期に発現するといったように変異してよい。このような変異については、Liu et al 2003に記載されている。本発明のウイルスは、プロドラッグ活性化酵素、細胞と細胞との融合を引き起こすことができるタンパク質及び免疫調節タンパク質を2以上さらにコードする。
好ましくは、非実験室ウイルスは、標準的な統計的試験によって測定した場合、身近な用途に役立つ特定の機能を果たす同等の改変をもつ参照実験室株より高い能力を有する。腫瘍治療のための腫瘍退縮性ウイルスの場合、本発明の非実験室ウイルス株は、好ましくは、同等の改変をもつ参照実験室株と比べて、腫瘍細胞に感染しもしくは腫瘍細胞中で複製し、腫瘍細胞を殺滅し、又は組織中の細胞間で広がるためのより高い能力を有する。さらに好ましくは、該より高い能力は統計的に有意に高い能力である。例えば、本発明によれば、非実験室株は、評価された特性に関して、参照株の1.1倍、1.2倍、1.5倍、2倍、5倍、10倍、20倍、50倍又は100倍までの能力を有する。好ましくは、該参照株はHSV-1株17+、HSV-1(F)及びHSV-1 KOSから選択される。
ウイルスの、腫瘍細胞を殺滅する能力は、目で大体定量することが可能であり、又は、所定の時間及び所定の細胞種に対して経時的に残る生細胞の数を数えることによってさらに正確に定量することができる。例えば、24、48もしくは72時間にわたって比較を行ってよく、任意の既知の腫瘍細胞種を用いてよい。特に、HT29大腸腺癌、LNCaP.FGC前立腺癌、MDA-MB-231乳腺癌、SK-MEL-28悪性黒色腫又は U-87 MG グリア芽星細胞腫細胞を用いることができる。これらの細胞種の任意の1種、又はこれらの細胞種の任意の組合せを使用することが可能であり、他の腫瘍細胞種を用いてもよい。この目的のために、腫瘍細胞種の標準的パネルを構築することが望ましいであろう。所定の時点で残存している生細胞の数を数えるために、トリパンブルー除外細胞(すなわち、生細胞)の数を数えることができる。蛍光活性化細胞分類(FACS)又はMTTアッセイによって定量を実行してもよい。腫瘍細胞殺滅能力は、in vivoで、例えば特定のウイルスによって生じた腫瘍体積の低減を測定することによって測定してもよい。
言及した様々な遺伝子は、当技術分野において周知な幾つかの技法によって機能的に不活性化することができる。例えば、前記遺伝子は、欠失、置換又は挿入によって機能的に不活性化されてよいが、好ましくは欠失による。欠失は、遺伝子の1もしくはそれ以上の部分又は全遺伝子を除去することでよい。例えば、1つのヌクレオチドのみの欠失がなされると、フレームシフトが起こる。しかし、好ましくは例えば、少なくとも25%、さらに好ましくは少なくとも50%の全コーディング配列及び非コーディング配列(或いは、絶対的には、少なくとも10ヌクレオチド、さらに好ましくは少なくとも100ヌクレオチド、最も好ましくは、少なくとも1000ヌクレオチド)といった、より大きい欠失がなされる。全ての遺伝子及び幾つかの隣接配列(フランキング配列)を除去することが特に好ましい。前記遺伝子の、2つ又はそれ以上のコピーがウイルスゲノム中に存在する場合、遺伝子の両方のコピーが機能的に不活性化されていることが好ましい。
本発明のウイルスは、プロドラッグ活性化酵素をコードする異種遺伝子、細胞と細胞との融合を引き起こすことができるタンパク質をコードする異種遺伝子及び免疫調節タンパク質をコードする異種遺伝子を2以上有する。好ましくは、本発明のウイルスは、プロドラッグ活性化酵素をコードする異種遺伝子、並びに融合性タンパク質をコードする異種遺伝子及び免疫調節タンパク質をコードする異種遺伝子の1つ又は両方を含む。前記融合性タンパク質は、免疫調節タンパク質としても機能する。
プロドラッグ変換酵素をコードする遺伝子、細胞と細胞との融合を促進することができるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子及び/又は免疫調節遺伝子並びに制御配列を含む発現カセット及び他の適当な構築物は、当業者に知られた通常のクローニング技法を用いて作製することができる(例えば、Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning - A laboratory manual; Cold Spring Harbor Pressを参照)。
ヒト又は動物の体を治療する方法に本発明のウイルスを用いることができる。特に、本発明のウイルスは癌の治療方法に用いることができる。好ましくは、本発明のウイルスは癌の腫瘍退縮治療に用いる。本発明のウイルスは、哺乳類、好ましくはヒトのいかなる固形腫瘍に対する治療上の処置に用いてもよい。例えば、本発明のウイルスを、前立腺癌、乳癌、肺癌、肝癌、腎細胞癌、子宮内膜癌、膀胱癌、大腸癌又は子宮頸部癌、腺癌、黒色腫、リンパ腫、神経膠腫、軟部組織肉腫及び骨肉腫といった肉腫、又は頭頸部癌をもつ被験者に投与してよい。
本発明のウイルスは、治療を必要とする患者、好ましくはヒトの患者に用いてよい。治療を必要とする患者は、癌を患っている個体、好ましくは固形癌を患っている個体である。治療上の処置の目的は、患者の症状の改善である。通常、本発明のウイルスを用いた治療上の処置は、癌の症状を緩和する。本発明による、癌の治療方法は、癌を患っている患者に対する、治療上有効な量の本発明のウイルスの投与を含む。腫瘍を患っている個体に本発明の腫瘍退縮性ウイルスを投与することによって、通常腫瘍細胞が殺滅され、腫瘍の大きさが減少し及び/又は腫瘍から悪性細胞が広がることが妨げられる。
治療上の処置は、ウイルス組成物を標的組織に直接注射することによって実行してよい。該標的組織は、腫瘍、又は該腫瘍に供給を行う血管であってよい。投与されるウイルスの量は、HSVの場合、104から1010 pfuの範囲内であり、好ましくは105から108 pfuの範囲内、さらに好ましくは約106から109 pfuの範囲内である。通常は1から4 ml、例えば2から3 mlの、本質的にウイルス及び製薬上許容可能な適当な担体もしくは希釈剤からなる医薬組成物が、個々の腫瘍への直接注射に用いられる。しかし、幾つかの腫瘍退縮療法の用途については、腫瘍の種類、大きさ及び接種部位によって、10mlまでの大容量を用いてもよい。同様に、1ml未満の少容量を用いてもよい。
使用したウイルスは、臨床又は「非実験室」HSV1株、JS1を基礎とした。ICP34.5及びICP47をJS1株から完全に欠失した。このウイルスについては、Lui et al 2003に記載されている。GALV env R-(Bateman et al 2000, Galanis et al 2001)及び/又はシトシンデアミナーゼ/ウラシルホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ融合遺伝子(Fcy:Fur; Invitrogen)を、その後CMVプロモーター及びRSVプロモーター各々の制御下で、ICP34.5をコードする遺伝子の位置に挿入した。
ステップ1 (図1a): Fcy::Fur 遺伝子を、NcoI及びNheIでpORF Fcy::Fur から切除し、HindIII及びXbaIによる消化の後pRCRSVに挿入した。
GALVのみを発現しているウイルスは、(i) GALV タンパク質の発現を媒介として、in vitroでHT1080、Fadu及びU87MGを含むいくつかのヒト腫瘍細胞株の細胞と細胞との融合を引き起こし、(ii) マウスモデル(Fadu及びHT1080)において、GALV タンパク質を発現していない同等のウイルスと比較して増大した抗腫瘍活性をin vivoで提供する。
ウイルスを含むシトシンデアミナーゼ/ウラシルホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ融合遺伝子は、in vitroで5-フルオロシトシンの5-フルオロウラシルへの変換を導き、5-フルオロウラシルが媒介する細胞殺滅が起こることが示された。これは図4に示されており、ここでHT1080細胞は5-フルオロシトシンの存在下又は不在下で3つのウイルスに感染された。その後、これらの細胞からの上清を熱処理して、該上清中に存在するウイルスを不活性化した。次に、これらの上清を用いて新たな細胞を覆った。5-フルオロシトシンが毒性5-フルオロウラシルに変換されていたとすると、これらの新たな細胞はその後死滅させられることとなる。図4から、原HT1080細胞への感染に用いたウイルスがFcy::Fur遺伝子を含んでいた場合、結果として生じた上清で覆った細胞が、Fcy::Fur遺伝子の生物学的活性を示しながら死滅させられたことが確認できる。
図5は、ラットの側腹に移植された縮小腫瘍に対する3つのウイルス(JS1/34.5-/47-/GALV、JS1/34.5/47-/Fcy::Fur 及びJSI/34.5-/47-/GALV/Fcy::Fur)及び「空ベクター」対照(JS1/34.5-/47-)の影響を示す。該ウイルスは、5-フルオロシトシンと併用して投与された。図5から、各々のウイルスが注射された腫瘍の縮小を引き起こしていることが見られる。しかし、GALV env R-又はFcy::Fur単独の送達が、空ベクター対照と比較して改良された腫瘍の縮小を生じさせる一方、GALV env R-及びFcy::Fur両方の併用による送達は、この場合に治癒した全ての腫瘍においてさらに改良された腫瘍縮小効果を生じさせる。従って、プロドラッグ活性化遺伝子及び融合性糖タンパク質の共送達は、腫瘍治療に関して、いずれか一方を単独で用いた場合と比較して改良を生じさせると結論づけることができる。
HSV1株JS1は、仮受託番号01010209の下、2001年1月2日付にてEuropean Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC)、CAMR、Sailsbury、Wiltshire SP4 0JG、United Kingdomに寄託された。
Chou et al. 1990, Science 250: 1262-1266
Maclean et al. 1991, J. Gen. Virol. 72: 631-639
Gossen M & Bujard H, 1992, PNAS 89: 5547-5551
Gossen M et al. 1995, Science 268: 1766-1769
Thompson et al. 1998, Virus Genes 1(3); 275-286
Meignier et al. 1988, Infect. Dis. 159; 602-614
Liu et al et al 2003, Gene Therapy 10; 292-303
Bateman et al 2000, Cancer Research 60; 1492-1497
Galanis et al 2001, Human Gene Therapy 12; 811-821
Claims (12)
- 機能性ICP34.5をコードする遺伝子を欠いたヘルペスウイルスであって、該ヘルペスウイルスが、
(i)プロドラッグ変換酵素をコードする異種遺伝子、及び
(ii)細胞と細胞との融合を引き起こすことができるタンパク質をコードする異種遺伝子、
を含む、前記ヘルペスウイルス。 - 前記プロドラッグ変換酵素がシトシンデアミナーゼである、請求項1に記載のウイルス。
- 前記細胞と細胞との融合を引き起こすことができるタンパク質がテナガザル白血病ウイルス融合性糖タンパク質である、請求項1又は2に記載のウイルス。
- 前記ウイルスの抗腫瘍治療効果を高めることができる、さらなる異種遺伝子を1以上含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のウイルス。
- ICP47をコードする機能性遺伝子をさらに欠いた、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のウイルス。
- 単純ヘルペスウイルス1又は2の株である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のウイルス。
- 非実験室ウイルス株である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のウイルス。
- European collection of cell cultures (ECACC) に受託番号 01010209で寄託されたHSV1 JSIに由来する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のウイルス。
- 療法によりヒト又は動物の体を治療する方法に使用する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のウイルス。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のウイルスを含む、癌の治療を目的とした薬剤。
- 前記薬剤が直接腫瘍内接種用である、請求項10に記載の薬剤。
- 有効成分として請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のウイルス及び製薬上許容可能な担体もしくは希釈剤を含む医薬組成物。
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CN1829523B (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
AU2004261037B2 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
EP1648481B1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
KR20060039013A (ko) | 2006-05-04 |
CA2533338A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
CN1829523A (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
JP2006528484A (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
GB2405406B (en) | 2008-01-02 |
AU2004261037A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
KR101177659B1 (ko) | 2012-08-27 |
BRPI0412845A (pt) | 2006-09-26 |
US20060188480A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
US7981669B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 |
PL1648481T3 (pl) | 2010-01-29 |
WO2005011715A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
KR20120006582A (ko) | 2012-01-18 |
GB2405406A (en) | 2005-03-02 |
DE602004022823D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
CA2533338C (en) | 2012-05-08 |
GB0416628D0 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
US20100143309A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
ES2331075T3 (es) | 2009-12-21 |
ATE440611T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
MXPA06000876A (es) | 2006-08-23 |
GB0317511D0 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
EP1648481A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
US8679830B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
ZA200600806B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
IL173295A0 (en) | 2006-06-11 |
HK1083595A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 |
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