JP4762887B2 - 付加的なサイトカインの非存在下でgm−csfを用いる単球樹状前駆細胞からの樹状細胞の産生 - Google Patents
付加的なサイトカインの非存在下でgm−csfを用いる単球樹状前駆細胞からの樹状細胞の産生 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第60/451,015号(2003年2月27日出願)の利益を主張する。この米国仮特許出願60/451,015号の開示は、本明細書中でその全体が援用される。
抗原提示細胞(APC)は、有効な免疫応答を誘発することに重要である。APCは、抗原特異性レセプターを有するT細胞に抗原を提示するだけでなく、T細胞活性化に必要なシグナルも提供する。このようなシグナルは、不完全に定義されたままであるが、種々の細胞表面分子およびサイトカインまたは成長因子に関わることが公知である。未処理のT細胞またはプライムされていないT細胞の活性化に必要とされる因子は、事前にプライムされた(primed)記憶T細胞の再活性化に必要な因子とは異なり得る。単球およびB細胞は、コンピテントAPCであると示されたが、これらの抗原提示能力は、事前に感作されたT細胞の再活性化に限定されるように見える。従って、単球およびB細胞は、機能的に未処理のT細胞集団またはプライムされていないT細胞集団を直接的に活性化することが可能ではない。他方、樹状細胞は、未処理のT細胞および事前にプライムされたT細胞を両方活性化することが可能である。
本発明は、選択抗原の取り込み、プロセシングおよび提示について最適化された状態で、エキソビボまたはインビボで未熟樹状細胞を分化および維持するための方法を提供する。この方法は、非活性化単球樹状細胞前駆体(すなわち、これらの表面上にGM−CSFレセプターを発現する単球、および他のこのような樹状細胞前駆体)を含む細胞集団を提供する工程、ならびに、付加的なサイトカインの非存在下で、非活性化樹状細胞前駆体と顆粒球−マクロファージコロニー刺激因子が補充された樹状細胞培養培地とを接触させる工程を包含する。以前の方法と対照的に、さらなるサイトカインは、単離された非活性化単球樹状細胞前駆体由来の樹状細胞の発生のためには必要とされない。
本発明は、未熟樹状細胞(DC)に単球樹状細胞前駆体を分化させるための方法を提供する。活性化されている単球樹状細胞前駆体は、唯一のサイトカインとしてGM−CSFを補充した樹状細胞培地に接触させられ、未熟樹状細胞としての細胞の分化および維持が誘導され得る。単一のサイトカインの添加を唯一必要とする方法は、使用費用がより安価であり、例えば、マクロファージなどを含む他の細胞型への単球樹状細胞の分化を防止するために他のサイトカインの添加を必要とする以前に使用された方法よりも効率的である。
本明細書中で使用される場合、単球樹状細胞は、それら表面上にGM−CSFレセプターを有する単球およびGM−CSFに応答性である他の骨髄性前駆細胞を包含する。これらの細胞は、これらの細胞が常駐する任意の組織、特にリンパ系組織(例えば、脾臓、骨髄、リンパ節、胸腺)から得られ得る。単球樹状細胞前駆体はまた、循環系から単離され得る。末梢血は、単球樹状細胞前駆体の容易に入手可能な供給源である。臍帯血は、単球樹状細胞前駆体の別の供給源である。単球樹状細胞前駆体は、免疫応答が誘発され得る種々の生物から単離され得る。このような生物としては、例えば、ヒト、非ヒト動物(例えば、霊長類、哺乳動物(イヌ、ネコ、マウス、およびラットが挙げられる)、トリ(ニワトリが挙げられる)、およびこれらのトランスジェニック種)が挙げられる。
本発明の方法によって調製された、成熟しプライムした樹状細胞は、T細胞に抗原を提示し得る。成熟しプライムした樹状細胞は、成熟する前または成熟する際のいずれかに未熟樹状細胞を所定の抗原と接触させることによって形成され得る。
結果として生じる成熟したプライムされた樹状細胞は、次いで、T細胞(例えば、ナイーブT細胞)と一緒に共インキュベートされる。T細胞、またはT細胞のサブセットは、応答細胞として用いる種々のリンパ系組織から得られ得る。このような組織としては、脾臓、リンパ節、および/または末梢血液が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。これらの細胞は、成熟したプライムされた樹状細胞と一緒に、混合されたT細胞集団としてか、または精製T細胞サブセットとして共培養され得る。T細胞精製は、正の選択または負の選択(CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8などに指向する抗体の使用が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない)によって達成され得る。
本発明の別の局面において、成熟したプライムされた樹状細胞もしくは活性化された分極したT細胞、またはこのような細胞を含む細胞集団を、免疫活性化を必要とする被験体に投与するための方法が提供される。このような細胞集団としては、未熟樹状細胞、部分的に成熟した樹状細胞、成熟したプライムされた樹状細胞集団および/または活性化された分極したT細胞集団が挙げられ得る。特定の実施形態において、本方法は、非活性化樹状細胞前駆体細胞または未熟樹状細胞を得ること、これらの細胞を、付加的なサイトカインの非存在下でGM−CSFを用いて分化すること、およびこれらの細胞を成熟剤(例えば、BCG、ならびに/またはIFNγおよびTh−1反応に対してプライムされた成熟した樹状細胞集団を形成するための所定の抗原)の存在下において成熟することによって行われる。これらの未熟樹状細胞は、成熟の前かまたは成熟の間に抗原と接触され得る。このような成熟したプライムされた樹状細胞は、免疫活性化を必要とする被験体に直接的に投与され得る。
この実施例において、インビトロでのGM−CSF単独の存在下における単球のCD1a+樹状細胞への分化は、その細胞が培養容器への最初の接着を形成することが可能でないことを必要とすることを実証した。
この実施例において、培養容器の表面に接着することが可能でなかった単球に由来する未熟樹状細胞を、成熟させ、IL−12の分泌について試験した。樹状細胞から分泌されたIL−12の量を、代表的な方法によって単離し、GM−CSFおよびIL−4の存在下で培養した、成熟した樹状細胞と比較した。
この実施例において、樹状細胞に代表的な細胞表面マーカーの発現を、GM−CSF単独の存在下で培養した非活性化単球においてアッセイした。GM−CSF単独で培養した非活性化単球は、成熟したDCに代表的な細胞表面マーカーの発現を実証した。
この実施例において、接着遮断剤の存在下で培養した単球由来樹状細胞前駆細胞を、GM−CSF単独を補充した培地におけるインビトロでの樹状細胞への分化の速度論について試験した。
この実施例において、種々の培養条件下のTeflon(登録商標)バッグまたはフラスコのどちらかで培養したDCの表現型を比較した。GM−CSF単独またはIL−4を補充したGM−CSFのどちらかにおいて、細胞を増殖させた。成熟剤に曝露したか、または曝露していない細胞の表現型の比較もまた、行った。
この実施例において、樹状細胞に代表的な細胞表面マーカーの発現を、クロスフロー濾過(tangential flow filtration)によって濃縮し、GM−CSF単独の存在下で培養した非活性化単球においてアッセイした。GM−CSF単独で培養した樹状細胞は、成熟したDCに代表的な細胞表面マーカーの発現を実証した。
この実施例において、強い相互作用がヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)のような遮断剤の添加によって遮断される場合を除き、プラスチック表面(すなわち、組織培養フラスコ)に曝露された単球が、活性化することを決定した。
Claims (21)
- 単球樹状細胞前駆体を未熟樹状細胞に分化させるための方法であって、該方法は、以下:
a)非活性化単球樹状細胞前駆体を含む細胞集団を提供する工程;
b)付加的なサイトカインの非存在下で、培養容器中の該非活性化樹状細胞前駆体と、該培養容器への該単球樹状細胞前駆細胞の接着を阻害するための因子および顆粒球−マクロファージコロニー刺激因子が補充された血清を含まない樹状細胞培養培地とを接触させる工程、
を包含する、方法。 - 前記非活性化単球樹状細胞前駆細胞の接着が、高濃度の動物タンパク質またはヒトタンパク質を含む、血清を含まない樹状細胞培養培地と該細胞とを接触させることによって阻害される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記動物タンパク質またはヒトタンパク質が、アルブミン、血清、血漿、ゼラチン、またはポリアミノ酸である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記非活性化単球樹状前駆細胞の活性化が、金属キレート剤をさらに含む、血清を含まない樹状細胞培養培地と該細胞とを接触させることによって阻害される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属キレート剤が、EDTAまたはEGTAを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記培養容器が、低細胞結合力の培養容器である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記低細胞結合力の培養容器が、ポリプロピレン、またはPFTEを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記タンパク質が、ヒト血清アルブミンである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト血清アルブミンが、少なくとも1%の濃度で存在する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト血清アルブミンが、2%〜10%の濃度で存在する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞集団が、末梢血、白血球搬出産物、アフェレーシス産物、臍帯血、脾臓、リンパ節、胸腺、または骨髄を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞集団が、凍結保存されていた、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記培養容器が、ポリスチレン、ガラスコーティングされたポリスチレン、スチレンまたはガラスを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記単球樹状細胞前駆体が、クロスフロー濾過によってさらに濃縮される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法であって、フィルターが、5.5ミクロンの孔径と、1400ml/分の再循環(入力)速度と、17ml/分の濾過速度と、90分の濾過時間とを有する、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、該方法が、抗原取り込みに十分な時間の間、前記未熟樹状細胞と目的の抗原とを接触させる工程をさらに包含する、方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法であって、該方法が、前記未熟樹状細胞と樹状細胞成熟剤とを接触させる工程をさらに包含する、方法。
- 前記成熟剤が、Bacillus−Calmette−Guerin(BCG)、リポ多糖類(LPS)、TNFα、インターフェロンγ(IFNγ)、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記成熟剤が、BCGおよびIFNγの組み合わせである、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記抗原が、腫瘍特異性抗体、腫瘍関連抗原、ウイルス抗原、細菌性抗原、腫瘍細胞、腫瘍細胞から単離された抗原をコードする核酸、細菌細胞、抗原を発現する組換え細胞、細胞溶解物、膜調製物、組換え的に産生された抗原、ペプチド抗原、または単離された抗原である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 請求項8に記載の方法であって、該方法が、前記樹状細胞の凍結保存工程をさらに包含する、方法。
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WO2003010292A2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-06 | Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for enrichment and culture of monocytic dendritic cell precursors |
JP2005505270A (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2005-02-24 | ノースウエスト バイオセラピューティクス,インコーポレイティド | 単球性樹状細胞およびt細胞にth−1応答をプライミングするための組成物および方法 |
JP2005529746A (ja) * | 2002-06-19 | 2005-10-06 | ノースウエスト バイオセラピューティクス, インコーポレイティド | 白血球富化のための平行流濾過デバイスおよび方法 |
JP2006517108A (ja) * | 2003-02-10 | 2006-07-20 | ノースウエスト バイオセラピューティクス,インコーポレイティド | 培養されたcd14+抗原提示細胞 |
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