JP4741487B2 - アズトレオナムl−リジン及びそれを調製するための方法 - Google Patents
アズトレオナムl−リジン及びそれを調製するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4741487B2 JP4741487B2 JP2006518775A JP2006518775A JP4741487B2 JP 4741487 B2 JP4741487 B2 JP 4741487B2 JP 2006518775 A JP2006518775 A JP 2006518775A JP 2006518775 A JP2006518775 A JP 2006518775A JP 4741487 B2 JP4741487 B2 JP 4741487B2
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- aztreonam
- lysine
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- lysine salt
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- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N aztreonam Chemical compound O=C1N(S([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)C(=N/OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)\C1=CSC([NH3+])=N1 WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- 229960003644 aztreonam Drugs 0.000 title claims description 35
- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Antibiotic SQ 26917 Natural products O=C1N(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)C1NC(=O)C(=NOC(C)(C)C(O)=O)C1=CSC(N)=N1 WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 235000019766 L-Lysine Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- KPPBAEVZLDHCOK-JHBYREIPSA-N (2s,3s)-3-[[(2z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-methyl-4-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonate;(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid Chemical class NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O.O=C1N(S([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)C(=N/OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)\C1=CSC([NH3+])=N1 KPPBAEVZLDHCOK-JHBYREIPSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008545 L-lysines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl]methanol Chemical compound C1CC2C(CO)C(CO)C1C2 YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N subtilin Chemical compound CC1SCC(NC2=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(O)=O)CSC(C)C2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C2NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3CCCN3C(=O)C(NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(N)CC=4C5=CC=CC=C5NC=4)CSC3)C(C)SC2)C(C)C)C(C)SC1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 2-amino-4-thiazolyl Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/26—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having more than one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, e.g. lysine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/145555—Hetero-N
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
本願は、2003年7月2日に提出された米国仮出願60/484,861 及び2004年3月4日に提出された米国仮出願の優先権を主張し、その開示内容は全体を本明細書中に参照として組み込まれている。
本発明は、アズトレオナムのL-リジン塩及びアズトレオナムのL-リジン塩を調製する方法に関連する。
アズトレオナムは、本明細書中にその全体が組み込まれた米国特許第4,775,670,号中に開示されたモノバクタム系抗生物質である。アズトレオナムは、化学名(Z)-2-[[[(2-アミノ-4-チアゾリル)[[(2S,-3S)-2-メチル-4-オキソ-1-スルホ-3-アゼチジニル]カルバモイル]メチレン]アミノ]オキシ]-2-メチルプロピオン酸を有する。アズトレオナムは、[3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-アミノ-4-チアゾリル)[(1-カルボキシ-1-メチルエトキシ)イミノ]アセチル]アミノ]-4-メチル-2-オキソ-1-アゼチジンスルホン酸及び(2S,3S)-3-[[2-[2-アミノ-4-チアゾリル]-(Z)-2-[(1-カルボキシ-1-メチルエトキシ)イミノ]アセチル]アミノ]-4-メチル-2-オキソ-1-アゼチジン-1-スルホン酸としてとしても知られている。アズトレオナムは以下の構造を有する。
本発明は、非晶質の、固体状アズトレオナムL-リジン塩に関連する。本発明は、非晶質L-リジン塩を調製するための方法にも関連する。第1番目の方法は、アズトレオナムL-リジンの水性溶液を凍結乾燥させることを含んで成る。第2番目の方法は、アズトレオナムL-リジンの水性溶液を噴霧乾燥させることを含んで成る。第3番目の方法は、ある水性溶液からアズトレオナム L-リジンを沈殿させることを含んで成る。
アズトレオナムは、水性溶液中でそのL-リジン塩へと転換される。pHはアズトレオナム L-リジン水性溶液の安定性において重要な役割を果たし且つ5.5を超えるべきではない。この塩は、3つの異なる技術によって非晶質固体として水性溶液から単離されうる。3つの技術には、凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥及び有機溶媒中での沈殿が含まれる。これら3つの技術により非晶質産物が提供される。
1.アズトレオナムの含有率は、限界の60〜66%において定常であった;そして
2.0.3面積%を越える不純物は無かった。
HPLC法を使用することでアズトレオナムリジン塩の不純物含有率を下のように特定した:
a.アズトレオナムリジン塩サンプルを0.02MのKH2PO4バッファー溶液(pHを2.0に、25%(w/w)リン酸により調節した)希釈剤中に溶かし、
b.このサンプル溶液(約10μl)を100.0mm×4.0mmの、3μmRP-18 HPLCカラムに注入し、
c.下記のプロファイルにより0.02MのKH2PO4バッファー溶液(pHを3.0に25%(w/w)のリン酸で調節した) (A)とアセトニトリル(B)の混合物により勾配溶離させ:
e.各不純物の量を濃度2.5g/mlのアズトレオナム標準試薬を参照することにより計算した。
a.アズトレオナムリジン塩サンプルを0.02MのKH2PO4バッファー溶液(pHを3.0に、25%(w/w)リン酸により調節した)とメタノール(80:20)希釈剤の混合物に溶かし、
b.このサンプル溶液(約10μl)を50.0mm×4.6mmの、3μmRP-18 HPLCカラムに注入し、
c.0.02MのKH2PO4バッファー溶液(pHを3.0に25%(w/w)のリン酸で調節した)とメタノールの混合物(83:17%(v/v)比)により1.5ml/minで定組成溶出させる。
d.各不純物の量を、270nmの波長においてUV検出器及び適切な記録装置により測定する。
e.濃度100μg/mlのアズトレオナム標準試薬を参照することにより含有率を計算する。
アズトレオナム(5.00g、含水率:12.2%)を0〜5℃において25mlの蒸留水中で懸濁させた。13.5mlの蒸留水中2.70gのL-リジンの溶液を上記懸濁に、冷却しながら(氷水浴)滴下して加えた。この方法によって獲得したアズトレオナムL-リジン塩の溶液をガラスろ過器上でろ過して凍結乾燥させた。
産物:白色破片
収量:6.8g(量)
アズトレオナム(35.0g、含水率:12.6%)を0〜5℃において230mlの蒸留水中で懸濁させた。45mlの蒸留水中17.5gのL-リジンの溶液を上記懸濁に、冷却しながら(氷水浴)滴下して加えた。この方法によって獲得したアズトレオナムL-リジン塩の溶液を、チャコールで脱色し、ガラスフィルター上でろ過して、実験室噴霧乾燥器Buchi B-191を使用することで噴霧乾燥させた。
収量:31g(62%)
アズトレオナム(3.50g、含水率:11.3%)を0〜5℃において8mlの蒸留水中で懸濁させた。3.5mlの蒸留水中1.80gのL-リジンの溶液を上記懸濁に、冷却しながら(氷水浴)滴下して加えた。この方法によって獲得したアズトレオナムL-リジン塩の溶液を23mlのエタノールで希釈して、60mlのエタノール及び4.75mlの水の撹拌した混合物に0〜5℃で15minに渡り滴下して加えた。120mlの純粋なエタノールをアズトレオナムL-リジン塩溶液(同時期間における他の滴下漏斗に由来する溶液を除く)と一緒に滴下して加えた。この沈殿をろ過して空気循環オーブン中38℃で乾燥させた。
産物:白色粉末
収量:3.86g(77%)
Claims (3)
- アズトレオナムL−リジンの水性溶液からアズトレオナムL−リジンを沈殿させることを含んで成るアゼトレオナムのL−リジン塩を調製するための方法であって、ここで前記水性溶液は5.5以下のpHを有し、該アズトレオナムL−リジンの水性溶液をアセトン及びエタノールから選択される有機溶媒中に滴下する方法。
- 非晶質アズトレオナムリジン塩中の不純物の量を特定するための方法であって、前記方法は:
前記アズトレオナムリジン塩を、25重量%のリン酸によりpHを2に調整した、0.02MのKH2PO4バッファー溶液中に溶かすことによってサンプル溶液を形成し;
前記アズトレオナムリジン塩溶液のサンプルをHPLCカラム中へと注入し;
前記注入したサンプルを、KH2PO4バッファー溶液(A)とアセトニトリル(B)の混合物により溶離させ、ここで前記バッファー溶液(A)は0.02Mの濃度を有し且つpHを3へと25重量%のリン酸で調節しており、注入したサンプルを勾配溶離させ;そして
UV検出器により230nmの波長において測定し、2.5g/mlの濃度におけるアズトレオナム標準試薬を参照することにより少なくとも1種類の不純物の量を特定する、
ことを含んで成る方法。 - 非晶質アズトレオナムリジン塩中の不純物の量を特定するための方法であって、前記方法は:
前記アズトレオナムリジン塩を、25重量%のリン酸によりpHを3に調整した、0.02MのKH2PO4バッファー溶液とメタノールの混合物に溶かすことによってサンプル溶液を形成し;
前記アズトレオナムリジン塩溶液のサンプルをHPLCカラム中へと注入し;
前記注入したサンプルを、25重量%のリン酸によりpHを3に調整した、0.02MのKH2PO4バッファー溶液とメタノールの83:17の体積比における混合物により1.5ml/minで溶離させ、ここで、該注入したサンプルは定組成溶離され;
少なくとも1種類の不純物の量を270nmの波長でUV検出器により測定し;そして
不純物の量を、100μg/mlの濃度におけるアズトレオナム標準試薬を参照することにより特定する、
ことを含んで成る方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US48486103P | 2003-07-02 | 2003-07-02 | |
US60/484,861 | 2003-07-02 | ||
US55009804P | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | |
US60/550,098 | 2004-03-04 | ||
PCT/US2004/021237 WO2005005424A1 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2004-07-01 | Aztreonam l-lysine and methods for the preparation thereof |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007521306A JP2007521306A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
JP2007521306A5 JP2007521306A5 (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
JP4741487B2 true JP4741487B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2006518775A Expired - Lifetime JP4741487B2 (ja) | 2003-07-02 | 2004-07-01 | アズトレオナムl−リジン及びそれを調製するための方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7262293B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4741487B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004256124B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0411691A (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2733145C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112004001191B4 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2304078B2 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL172802A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO333985B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005005424A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7214364B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2007-05-08 | Corus Pharma, Inc. | Inhalable aztreonam lysinate formulation for treatment and prevention of pulmonary bacterial infections |
US7138419B2 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2006-11-21 | Corus Pharma, Inc. | Process for manufacturing bulk solutions and a lyophilized pure α-aztreonam lysinate |
PT2301524E (pt) | 2000-12-27 | 2013-07-10 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Aztreonam inalável sem arginina para tratamento e prevenção de infecções bacterianas pulmonares |
EP1527072A1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2005-05-04 | Teva Gyogyszergyar Reszvenytarsasag | Preparation of aztreonam |
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US7262293B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
CA2531170A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
US20070167424A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
DE112004001191T5 (de) | 2009-04-23 |
JP2007521306A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
ES2304078B2 (es) | 2009-09-16 |
CA2531170C (en) | 2011-05-10 |
WO2005005424B1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
DE112004001191B4 (de) | 2017-11-09 |
ES2304078A1 (es) | 2008-09-01 |
AU2004256124B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
IL172802A0 (en) | 2006-06-11 |
WO2005005424A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
US7358093B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
NO333985B1 (no) | 2013-11-04 |
US20050032775A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
CA2733145C (en) | 2012-06-19 |
NO20060535L (no) | 2006-02-01 |
BRPI0411691A (pt) | 2006-12-26 |
CA2733145A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
AU2004256124A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
IL172802A (en) | 2011-10-31 |
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