JP4711724B2 - 溶融塩めっき用電解浴及び該電解浴を用いた溶融塩めっき方法 - Google Patents
溶融塩めっき用電解浴及び該電解浴を用いた溶融塩めっき方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4711724B2 JP4711724B2 JP2005121741A JP2005121741A JP4711724B2 JP 4711724 B2 JP4711724 B2 JP 4711724B2 JP 2005121741 A JP2005121741 A JP 2005121741A JP 2005121741 A JP2005121741 A JP 2005121741A JP 4711724 B2 JP4711724 B2 JP 4711724B2
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims description 68
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 Si 3 N 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 41
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013618 LiCl—KCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Cs+] LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Rb+] JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rb+] FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001289141 Babr Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723368 Conium Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100496858 Mus musculus Colec12 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100396546 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) tif-6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Rb+] AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Inorganic materials [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
"Preparation and characterization of chromium deposits obtained from molten salts using pulsed currents", A. Cotarta. J. Appl. Electrochem., 31, 987-995 (2001)
項1.無機酸化物、無機窒化物、無機炭化物及び無機ホウ化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であって、その平均粒子径が0.005〜10μmである無機物微粒子を含有する溶融塩めっき用平滑剤を、溶融塩中に0.05〜5w/v%含む、溶融塩めっき用電解浴。
項2.無機物微粒子が、Al2O3、AlN、Al4C3、SiO2、Si3N4、SiC、BN、B4C、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Fe2−3C、Fe3C、Cr2O3、CrN、Cr2N、CrB2、CoO、NiO、TiO2、TiN、TiC、TiB2、Ta2O5、TaC、ZrO2、ZrN、ZrC、ZrB2、MgO、IrO2、Y2O3、La2O3、RuO2からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の微粒子である項1に記載の溶融塩めっき用電解浴。
項3.項1又は2に記載の溶融塩めっき用電解浴において、前記平滑剤を含有する溶融塩を電解することを特徴とする溶融塩めっき方法。
電気炉(1)内に、ホルダー(3)を設置し、該ホルダー内に電解槽としての高純度アルミナるつぼ(2)を設置する。該ホルダー内にはアルゴン等の雰囲気ガスを導入するための導入管(4)、排出するための排気管(5)が備えられており、これらの管を通して、雰囲気ガスを循環させる。るつぼ内にはアルカリ金属ハロゲン化物などを溶融させて溶媒(6)とする。るつぼ内には熱電対(7)が備えられており、この熱電対で溶媒の温度を測定し、必要に応じて電気炉の温度を調節し、溶媒の温度を調整する。雰囲気ガスを循環させた状態で溶媒中にめっきの原料となる金属塩と無機添加剤を添加する。次いで、るつぼ内に備えられた陰極(8)、陽極(9)及び参照極(10)に電気化学測定装置(図示せず)を接続し、電位、電流等を制御して電解を行い、陰極(8)表面に金属めっき膜を形成させる。
アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、共晶組成に混合した300gのLiCl−KClを400℃まで昇温し融解させた後、これにイオン源として塩化鉄(II)を2.0mol%添加し、さらに平滑剤としてのAl2O3微粒子(平均粒子径0.1ミクロン)を5.1g添加(溶融塩体積に対し1%)して、アルミナ棒を用いてよく撹拌した。陰極には表面を鏡面研磨したニッケル板を用いた。陽極には鉄板を、参照極にはAg+/Ag電極を用いた。この電解浴中での電析鉄の浸漬電位を測定し、その電位を基準として−20mV卑な電位に電解電位を設定し(以下、η=20mVと表記する)、4.5ksec間の定電位電解を行った。得られた試料の表面SEM写真、断面SEM写真を各々図2、図3に示す。断面写真において、めっき膜(中央)を挟んで、左側がニッケル基板、右側が試料固定用の樹脂である。
実施例1に対する比較例として、Al2O3微粒子を添加しなかった以外は、全て実施例1と同じ条件で定電位電解を行い、試料を作成した。
実施例2〜12では、300〜450℃に保ったLiCl−KCl又はLiCl−KCl−CsCl溶融塩中に、下記表1に示すように、金属イオン源として、FeCl2、CrCl2、CoCl2を0.5〜5mol%添加し、さらに平滑剤としてAl2O 3 (平均粒子径0.1ミクロン)、SiO 2 (平均粒子径0.5ミクロン)、TiO2微粒子(平均粒子径0.5ミクロン)を溶融塩の体積に対して0.5〜1.5%添加したのち、アルミナ棒でよく撹拌し、これを電解浴とした。この浴中で、陰極には、表面を鏡面研磨したニッケル板を、陽極には鉄板、クロム短冊又はコバルト板を、参照極にはAg+/Ag電極を用いて、η=20〜40mVで1時間の定電位電解を行った。各実施例における、電解条件と得られた電析物の析出状態と膜厚を表1に示す。表中の析出状態については、目視による観察、表面及び断面SEM観察の結果をもとに下記の基準で評価した。
◎:極めて平滑、緻密に析出した。
○:緻密に析出し、比較的平滑(膜厚の最大値/最小値の値が1.5以下)であった。
△:析出はしたが平滑性に欠けた。
×:デンドライト状の析出物、もしくは析出しなかった。
Al2O3微粒子を添加しなかった以外は、実施例9又は11と同じ条件で定電位電解を行い、試料を作成した。各比較例における、電解条件と得られた電析物の析出状態と膜厚は表2に示す。表中の析出状態については、目視による観察、表面・断面SEM観察の結果をもとに、上記、表1の基準で評価した。電解後の試料は、いずれも目視ではっきりと確認できる程、樹枝状結晶が大きく成長しており、ニッケル基板との界面付近に、緻密といえる層が僅かながら確認されたが、Al2O3微粒子を添加した場合に比べ、極端に薄かった。
2 るつぼ
3 ホルダー
4 導入管
5 排気管
6 溶媒
7 熱電対
8 陰極
9 陽極
10 参照極
Claims (3)
- 無機酸化物、無機窒化物、無機炭化物及び無機ホウ化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であって、その平均粒子径が0.005〜10μmである無機物微粒子を含有する溶融塩めっき用平滑剤を、溶融塩中に0.05〜5w/v%含む、溶融塩めっき用電解浴。
- 無機物微粒子が、Al2O3、AlN、Al4C3、SiO2、Si3N4、SiC、BN、B4C、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Fe2−3C、Fe3C、Cr2O3、CrN、Cr2N、CrB2、CoO、NiO、TiO2、TiN、TiC、TiB2、Ta2O5、TaC、ZrO2、ZrN、ZrC、ZrB2、MgO、IrO2、Y2O3、La2O3、RuO2からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の微粒子である請求項1に記載の溶融塩めっき用電解浴。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の溶融塩めっき用電解浴において、前記平滑剤を含有する溶融塩を電解することを特徴とする溶融塩めっき方法。
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