JP4691501B2 - プローブ・アセンブリ - Google Patents
プローブ・アセンブリ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4691501B2 JP4691501B2 JP2006536186A JP2006536186A JP4691501B2 JP 4691501 B2 JP4691501 B2 JP 4691501B2 JP 2006536186 A JP2006536186 A JP 2006536186A JP 2006536186 A JP2006536186 A JP 2006536186A JP 4691501 B2 JP4691501 B2 JP 4691501B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- probe assembly
- sample
- cylinder
- assembly according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims description 109
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AZUXXYCNTKYZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(octadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[SiH2]Cl AZUXXYCNTKYZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polymethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000642 dynamic headspace extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002470 solid-phase micro-extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002414 normal-phase solid-phase extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/405—Concentrating samples by adsorption or absorption
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N2030/022—Column chromatography characterised by the kind of separation mechanism
- G01N2030/025—Gas chromatography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
- G01N30/12—Preparation by evaporation
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Description
2 (長尺状)シリンダ
3 螺旋状ベイン
4 シース
7 モータ
8 クリーニング・ステーション
9 インレット(・ポート)
10 (気体)アウトレット
12 試料容器
13 試料
14 隔壁
16 スパージャー
18 ドレイン
19 転送ライン
20 トラップ装置
21 分析器
Claims (15)
- 試料からの検体抽出用のプローブ・アセンブリであって、
該プローブが長尺状シリンダ部を含んでおり、
前記長尺状シリンダ部は、長手方向軸周りに回転するように、且つ当該シリンダ部を試料内に浸すことができるように長手方向に移動するように構成されると共に、当該シリンダ部から遠ざかるようにその上で拡張する1つ以上のベインを有しており、
前記1つ以上のベインが前記試料から物質を抽出するための手段としての固相で被覆されており、
前記長尺状シリンダ部はその長さに沿って中空であり、当該シリンダ部をガスが流れることを許容するものである、
ことから成るプローブ・アセンブリ。 - 前記プローブが、液相と接触している当該プローブの上での前記固相の面積を最大化するような形状に形成され、前記形状が、液体中での移動を生じさせて、前記固相と接触する液体の連続的な交換を生じさせる、請求項1に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記抽出要素が回転手段と直に連結されている、及び/或は、前記プローブが前記試料中で回転させられるように構成されている、請求項1又は2に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記プローブが、前記試料中で羽根車となるように構成される、請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記プローブが回転装置を含む、請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記ベインが、前記シリンダ部から拡張するパドル、段部またはブレードの形態であり、前記ベインが実質的に前記シリンダ部周りを拡張するように構成されて、螺旋状ネジを形成している、請求項1乃至5の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記長尺状シリンダ部及び/或は前記ベインが、ポリメチルシロキサン、ポリエチレン・グリコール、シリコーン、ポリイミド、オクタデシルクロロシラン、ポリメチルビニル・クロロシラン、液晶ポリアクリレート、移植自己充足性単分子層、並びに、無機被覆剤で被覆され得る、請求項1乃至6の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記中空な長尺状シリンダ部が、1つ以上の開き口又は穴を含み、それら開き口又は穴が前記シリンダ部の壁を通じて気体が流れることを可能とするように構成されているか、或は、前記プローブが、焼結ガラス・フリット等のスパージャーを含んで、気泡から成る拡散流をもたらす、請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記プローブが、隔壁を突き通す或は貫通するように構成されているシースを更に含む、請求項1乃至8の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記長尺状シリンダ部を前記シースに対して移動させるように構成された上昇装置を含む、請求項9に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記シース及び/或は前記長尺状シリンダ部の内面が被覆されている、請求項1乃至10の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記プローブが加熱装置を含む、請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 気体の前記プローブ・アセンブリに対する出し入れを可能とするように構成された少なくとも1つのインレットと少なくとも1つのアウトレットとを有するハウジングを含む、請求項1乃至12の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記長尺状シリンダ部の長手方向移動を可能にするモータ(7)を更に含む、請求項1乃至13の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
- 前記長尺状シリンダ部の長手方向移動と、長手方向軸周りの回転移動との双方を可能にするモータ(7)を更に含む、請求項1乃至14の何れか一項に記載のプローブ・アセンブリ。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0325001.6 | 2003-10-27 | ||
GB0325001A GB2407868B (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2003-10-27 | Probe assembly |
PCT/GB2004/004532 WO2005043129A2 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | Probe assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007510142A JP2007510142A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
JP4691501B2 true JP4691501B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
Family
ID=29595882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006536186A Expired - Fee Related JP4691501B2 (ja) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | プローブ・アセンブリ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8091439B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1678477A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4691501B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1886645B (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2407868B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005043129A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8384020B2 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2013-02-26 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Spatially resolved thermal desorption/ionization coupled with mass spectrometry |
CN105043845A (zh) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-11-11 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | 固相微萃取方法及其装置 |
CN107290189B (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2021-03-30 | 庞英明 | 一种便携式多模式采样器 |
GB2550549B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2019-05-08 | Markes International Ltd | A sampling apparatus |
CN106474764B (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-09-18 | 福州大学 | 一种可除水的顶空固相微萃取的装置及方法 |
EP3577433A4 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2020-06-24 | PerkinElmer Health Sciences, Inc. | SPIRAL WIRE SAMPLER |
CN107091767B (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2020-08-04 | 苏州贞成分析仪器有限公司 | 一种水体污染物固相微萃取采样-热脱附方法及装置 |
CN111182275B (zh) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-09-08 | 上海中中龙达智能科技有限公司 | 一种可自动清洗的监控探头 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05506715A (ja) * | 1990-04-02 | 1993-09-30 | ポーリスジーン、ジャヌスズ・ビー | 固相微量抽出及び脱着の方法及び装置 |
JP2003521711A (ja) * | 2000-02-02 | 2003-07-15 | ヤヌス ビー ポウリス | 拡散境界層較正および定量収着に基づく分析装置 |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2943062A (en) * | 1956-01-19 | 1960-06-28 | Kellogg M W Co | Conversion of hydrocarbons to a hydrogen-rich gas |
US2911291A (en) * | 1956-02-06 | 1959-11-03 | John H Engel | Filtering and processing apparatus |
SU675340A1 (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1979-07-25 | Severodonetskij Vni K I Khim M | Sampler |
US4107041A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-08-15 | Eskil Karlson | Electromatographic separating apparatus and system |
US4225575A (en) * | 1978-05-15 | 1980-09-30 | Ventrex Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing in vitro clinical diagnostic tests using a solid phase assay system |
DE3803352A1 (de) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-08-17 | Kessler & Luch Gmbh | Schlitzsonde |
CA1255514A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1989-06-13 | George Keives | Grain probe |
US6042787A (en) * | 1990-02-04 | 2000-03-28 | Pawliszyn; Janusz B. | Device for solid phase microextraction and desorption |
CA2084227A1 (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-06-21 | John F. Dablow, Iii | Recoverable extraction and injection probe for enhanced gradient remediation |
US5496741A (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1996-03-05 | University Of Waterloo | Device and process for increasing analyte concentration in a sorbent |
JP3411111B2 (ja) * | 1994-10-27 | 2003-05-26 | シスメックス株式会社 | 試料攪拌装置及び試料吸引装置 |
JPH09101243A (ja) * | 1995-10-03 | 1997-04-15 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | 採水器 |
DE19538180A1 (de) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-04-17 | Siepmann Friedrich W | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des biologischen Sauerstoffbedarfs von Abwasser |
DE19619790C2 (de) | 1996-05-15 | 1998-10-29 | Lwg Lausitzer Wasser Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zur beschleunigten Anreicherung von Analyten während der Festphasenmikroextraktion |
US6420187B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2002-07-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and apparatus for measuring volatile compounds in an aqueous solution |
US6815216B2 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2004-11-09 | Gerstel Systemtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for solid-phase microextraction and analysis, and a collector for this method |
DE19933017A1 (de) * | 1999-03-26 | 2001-01-18 | Gerstel Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Festphasenmikroextration und Analyse |
DE29917794U1 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2000-02-17 | Niklas, Willy, 41063 Mönchengladbach | Probennehmer |
DE10044044C2 (de) * | 2000-08-30 | 2003-02-06 | Ufz Leipzighalle Gmbh | Verfahren und Aufbereitungsgefäß zum Nachweis organischer Verbindungen in flüssigen Phasen |
US6871556B2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2005-03-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Porous protective solid phase micro-extractor sheath |
US7641620B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2010-01-05 | Vance Products Incorporated | Rotatable sampling apparatus |
US7665374B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2010-02-23 | Butler University | Surface-coated solid-phase microextraction device |
-
2003
- 2003-10-27 GB GB0325001A patent/GB2407868B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-27 EP EP04769030A patent/EP1678477A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-27 JP JP2006536186A patent/JP4691501B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-27 WO PCT/GB2004/004532 patent/WO2005043129A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-10-27 US US10/577,501 patent/US8091439B2/en active Active
- 2004-10-27 CN CN2004800355910A patent/CN1886645B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05506715A (ja) * | 1990-04-02 | 1993-09-30 | ポーリスジーン、ジャヌスズ・ビー | 固相微量抽出及び脱着の方法及び装置 |
JP2003521711A (ja) * | 2000-02-02 | 2003-07-15 | ヤヌス ビー ポウリス | 拡散境界層較正および定量収着に基づく分析装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007510142A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
GB2407868B (en) | 2007-07-11 |
US8091439B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
GB2407868A (en) | 2005-05-11 |
CN1886645B (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
GB0325001D0 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
EP1678477A2 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
CN1886645A (zh) | 2006-12-27 |
WO2005043129A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
US20070220996A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
WO2005043129A3 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8192692B2 (en) | Coated chromatograph injection port liner for performing surface sorbent | |
Spietelun et al. | Understanding solid-phase microextraction: key factors influencing the extraction process and trends in improving the technique | |
Ramos | Critical overview of selected contemporary sample preparation techniques | |
JP5476394B2 (ja) | 自動等温滴定マイクロ熱量計装置及び使用方法 | |
Lord et al. | Evolution of solid-phase microextraction technology | |
Qin et al. | Comparison of thin-film microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples with controlled agitation conditions | |
US6783680B2 (en) | Sample preconcentration tubes with sol-gel surface coatings and/or sol-gel monolithic beds | |
JP4691501B2 (ja) | プローブ・アセンブリ | |
JP6151764B2 (ja) | クロマトグラフィ分離方法のためのサンプルを調製するための方法及びサンプル調製を実行するためのデバイス | |
JP2002022694A (ja) | におい識別装置 | |
Olariu et al. | Sample preparation for trace analysis by chromatographic methods | |
US20080153158A1 (en) | Method and Apparatus for Tissue Processing | |
CN107091767A (zh) | 一种水体污染物固相微萃取采样‑热脱附方法及装置 | |
Tan et al. | Sample preparation in the analysis of pesticides residue in food by chromatographic techniques | |
US5827944A (en) | Sample screening and preparation within a collection vessel | |
Moldoveanu | Solutions and challenges in sample preparation for chromatography | |
US10989634B2 (en) | Systems and methods for extracting analytes from a sample | |
US4377641A (en) | Method and apparatus for the continuous extraction of ingredients from samples | |
Belay | Advanced analytical microextraction techniques and there applications: A review | |
Cabaleiro et al. | Miniaturized alternatives to conventional sample preparation techniques for solid samples | |
WO2021100006A1 (en) | Methods and vial closures for headspace microextraction under vacuum | |
Kader et al. | Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid-phase micro extraction (SPME), and stir bar sorption extraction (SBSE) techniques | |
JP2601159Y2 (ja) | 油脂分析用前処理装置 | |
Rabilloud et al. | Analytical Extractions | |
Tan¹ et al. | Sample Preparation in the Analysis of Pesticides Residue in Food by Chromatographic Techniques |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20071026 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20100519 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100608 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100823 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20110125 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20110221 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140225 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |