JP4519278B2 - Method for manufacturing semiconductor device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having a circuit including thin film transistors (hereinafter referred to as TFTs). For example, the present invention relates to an electro-optical device typified by a liquid crystal display device and a configuration of an electric apparatus in which the electro-optical device is mounted as a component. Further, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the device. Note that in this specification, a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics, and the electro-optical device and the electric appliance are also included in the category.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, a technique for crystallizing an amorphous semiconductor film formed on an insulating substrate such as glass by laser annealing to improve crystallinity has been widely studied. Silicon is often used for the amorphous semiconductor film.
[0003]
The glass substrate is cheaper and more workable than the synthetic quartz glass substrate that has been often used in the past, and has an advantage that a large-area substrate can be easily manufactured. This is the reason for the above research. In addition, the reason why lasers are used favorably for crystallization is that the melting point of the glass substrate is low. The laser can give high energy only to the amorphous semiconductor film without significantly increasing the temperature of the substrate.
[0004]
Since a crystalline semiconductor is formed of many crystal grains, it is also called a polycrystalline semiconductor film. Since the crystalline semiconductor film formed by laser annealing has high mobility, a TFT is formed using this crystalline semiconductor film. For example, a pixel driving circuit and a driving circuit are formed on one glass substrate. It is actively used in monolithic type liquid crystal electro-optical devices and the like for manufacturing TFTs for use in the field.
[0005]
Also, a pulse laser beam such as an excimer laser with a high output is processed by an optical system so that it becomes a square spot of several cm square or a linear shape with a length of 10 cm or more on the irradiated surface, and the laser beam is scanned. Therefore, a method of performing laser annealing by moving the irradiation position of the laser beam relative to the surface to be irradiated is widely used because it is highly mass-productive and industrially excellent.
[0006]
In particular, when a linear beam is used, unlike the case of using a spot laser beam that requires scanning in the front, rear, left, and right, the entire irradiated surface is scanned by scanning only in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the linear laser. Since irradiation can be performed, mass productivity is high. The reason for scanning in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is that it is the most efficient scanning direction. Due to this high mass productivity, the current laser annealing method uses a linear beam obtained by processing a laser beam of a pulsed excimer laser with an appropriate optical system, which is the mainstream in the manufacturing technology of liquid crystal display devices using TFTs. It's getting on. The technology enables a monolithic liquid crystal display device in which a TFT (pixel TFT) for forming a pixel portion on one glass substrate and a TFT for a driving circuit provided around the pixel portion are formed.
[0007]
However, the crystalline semiconductor film manufactured by the laser annealing method is formed by aggregating a plurality of crystal grains, and the positions and sizes of the crystal grains are random. A TFT manufactured on a glass substrate is formed by separating the crystalline semiconductor into island-shaped patterning for element isolation. In that case, the position and size of the crystal grains could not be specified and formed. Compared with the inside of a crystal grain, there are innumerable recombination centers and capture centers due to an amorphous structure, crystal defects, and the like at an interface (crystal grain boundary) of crystal grains. It is known that when carriers are trapped in this trapping center, the grain boundary potential rises and becomes a barrier against the carriers, so that the current transport characteristics of the carriers are reduced. The crystallinity of the semiconductor film in the channel formation region has a significant effect on the characteristics of the TFT, but it is almost impossible to form the channel formation region with a single crystal semiconductor film by eliminating the influence of crystal grain boundaries. there were.
[0008]
In order to solve such a problem, various attempts have been made to form crystal grains having a large grain size in which the position is controlled in the laser annealing method. Here, first, a solidification process of the semiconductor film after the semiconductor film is irradiated with a laser beam will be described.
[0009]
It takes a certain amount of time for crystal nuclei to form in a completely melted semiconductor film by laser beam irradiation. Thousands of crystal nuclei are uniformly (or non-uniformly) generated in the complete melting region, resulting in complete melting. The solidification process of the semiconductor film ends. In this case, the position and size of the crystal grains obtained are random.
[0010]
Further, in the case where the semiconductor film is not completely melted by the laser beam irradiation and the solid phase semiconductor region partially remains, crystal growth starts from the solid phase semiconductor region immediately after the laser beam irradiation. . As already described, it takes some time for crystal nuclei to be generated in the complete melting region. Therefore, the solid-liquid interface that is the tip of crystal growth moves in a direction parallel to the film surface of the semiconductor film (hereinafter referred to as a lateral direction) until crystal nuclei are generated in the completely melted region. Grains grow to a length several tens of times the film thickness. Such growth ends when an infinite number of crystal nuclei are generated uniformly (or non-uniformly) in the complete melting region. Hereinafter, this phenomenon is referred to as super lateral growth.
[0011]
Even in an amorphous semiconductor film or a polycrystalline semiconductor film, there is an energy region of a laser beam that realizes the super lateral growth. However, the energy region is very narrow, and the position where large crystal grains are obtained cannot be controlled. Further, the region other than the large crystal grains was a microcrystalline region where an infinite number of crystal nuclei were generated, or an amorphous region.
[0012]
As explained above, if the temperature gradient in the lateral direction can be controlled in the energy region of the laser beam in which the semiconductor film is completely melted (a heat flow in the lateral direction is generated), the growth position and growth direction of the crystal grains Can be controlled. Various attempts have been made to realize this method.
[0013]
For example, “Lateral Growth control in excimer laser crystallized polysilicon: Thin Solid Films 337 (1999), p137-p142” describes a method of forming position-controlled crystal grains. First, a metal film (Cr single layer or Al / Cr laminate) is formed over an amorphous semiconductor film, and etching is performed partially to form a region with and without a metal film. Since the reflectance of Cr at a wavelength of 308 nm is about 60% and the reflectance of Al is about 90%, when irradiated with a laser beam with a wavelength of 308 nm, the amorphous semiconductor region below the metal film becomes a metal. The laser beam is not irradiated as compared with an amorphous semiconductor region not capped with a film. That is, a temperature gradient is generated between the amorphous semiconductor region below the metal film and the amorphous semiconductor region not capped with the metal film. Therefore, the crystal nuclei generated in the amorphous semiconductor region below the metal film are laterally grown to an amorphous semiconductor region that is not capped by the metal film that is still in a molten state, forming 1 to 2 μm crystal grains. It has been reported that
[0014]
Mr. Masayoshi Matsumura of Tokyo Institute of Technology presented a method for forming crystal grains with large grain size with controlled position at the 47th Joint Conference on Applied Physics. An organic SOG film is formed on a substrate, a silicon oxide film is formed on the organic SOG film, an amorphous silicon film is formed on the silicon oxide film, and an insulating layer ( A buried insulating layer) is buried (FIG. 6C). The buried insulating layer has a quadrangular top shape and an angle of at least one vertex of the quadrilateral is 60 degrees. In addition, a silicon oxide film is formed on the substrate via an organic SOG film. Since the silicon oxide film randomly forms a network of Si—O bonds, the energy of the laser beam irradiation to the substrate is increased. The outflow is made easy. However, silicon oxide containing a functional group containing carbon (in this specification, silicon oxide containing a functional group containing carbon is defined as a functional group-containing silicon oxide). , Does not participate in the formation of a network of Si-O bonds. Therefore, the functional group-containing silicon oxide effectively acts as a film having a heat retaining effect because the propagation speed of heat decreases. Hereinafter, in this specification, a film having a low heat propagation speed and having a heat retaining effect is defined as a heat retaining film. Further, when irradiating a laser beam, the energy of the laser beam is given a gradient (FIG. 6B) using a phase shift mask (FIG. 6A). In this way, crystal grains having a large grain size whose position is controlled are formed.
[0015]
In "R. Ishihara and A. Burtsev: AM-LCD '98., P153-p156, 1998", a refractory metal film is formed between the substrate and the underlying silicon oxide film. An amorphous silicon film is formed above the substrate, and the laser beam of the excimer laser is defined as the surface side of the substrate (in this specification, the surface on which the film is formed) and the back side (in this specification, the film is There is a report on a laser annealing method that irradiates from both sides of a surface (defined as a surface opposite to a surface that is formed). The laser beam irradiated from the surface side of the substrate is absorbed by the silicon film and changed into heat. On the other hand, the laser beam irradiated from the back side of the substrate is absorbed by the refractory metal film and converted into heat, and the refractory metal film is heated at a high temperature. Since the heated silicon oxide film between the refractory metal film and the silicon film functions as a heat accumulation layer, the cooling rate of the molten silicon film can be reduced. Here, it has been reported that by forming a refractory metal film at an arbitrary location, crystal grains having a maximum diameter of 6.4 μm can be obtained at the desired location.
[0016]
In addition, Columbia University's James S. Im and others showed a Sequential Lateral Solidification method (hereinafter referred to as SLS method) that can realize super lateral growth in any place. In the SLS method, crystallization is performed by moving a slit-shaped mask about a distance (about 0.75 μm) at which super lateral growth is performed for each shot.
[0017]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
In other words, enlarging crystal grains means increasing the crystal growth distance, and it is important to increase the growth time. In order to lengthen the growth time, it is necessary to reduce the rate at which the energy obtained from the laser light flows out.
[0018]
In the case where a crystalline semiconductor film is formed over a substrate such as glass by a laser crystallization method, a silicon oxide film or the like is interposed between the substrate and the substrate. An excimer laser effective for crystallization of a crystalline semiconductor film oscillates in pulses, and its practical oscillation frequency is several tens to several hundreds Hz, whereas the pulse width is several tens of nanoseconds. When laser crystallization is performed after depositing an amorphous semiconductor film over a silicon oxide film, thermal energy accumulated by irradiation with pulsed laser light flows out to the substrate side. A silicon oxide film in which Si—O bonds are randomly network-bonded facilitates the flow of thermal energy.
[0019]
The present invention is a technique for solving such problems, and an object thereof is to realize an increase in the crystal grain size of a crystalline semiconductor film manufactured by a laser crystallization method. An object is to obtain a reliability comparable to that of a MOS transistor by fabricating a TFT with the crystalline semiconductor film. It is another object of the present invention to provide a technique that can apply such a TFT to various semiconductor devices such as a transmissive liquid crystal display device and an EL display device.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention forms a heat insulating layer between a semiconductor film and a substrate in order to realize a large crystal grain size of a crystalline semiconductor film manufactured by a laser crystallization method. And the cooling process of the semiconductor film heated by the laser light irradiation is made gentle. Since the crystal growth distance is proportional to the product of the growth time and the growth rate, the grain size can be increased by slowing the cooling rate and increasing the growth time.
[0021]
The thermal insulation layer between the semiconductor film and the substrate is methyl (CH_Three) Group, ethyl (C₂H_Five) Group, propyl (C_ThreeH₇) Group, butyl (C_FourH₉) Group, vinyl (C₂H_Three) Group, phenyl (C₆H_Five) Group, CF_ThreeIt is formed of silicon oxide containing any of the groups (functional group-containing silicon oxide). Of these, silicon oxide having any functional group does not participate in the formation of a Si—O bond network because the bond is terminated by the functional group. For this reason, the heat propagation speed is reduced, and it effectively acts as a heat retaining layer.
[0022]
The insulating layer on the semiconductor film is similarly methyl (CH_Three) Group, ethyl (C₂H_Five) Group, propyl (C_ThreeH₇) Group, butyl (C_FourH₉) Group, vinyl (C₂H_Three) Group, phenyl (C₆H_Five) Group, CF_ThreeIt is formed of silicon oxide containing any of the groups (functional group-containing silicon oxide). The heat insulating layer provided on the upper layer of the semiconductor film temporarily holds the heat diffused from the semiconductor film, but then diffuses the heat to the semiconductor film. As a result, the semiconductor film is heated again. At this time, since the heat propagation time of the heat insulating layer is low, it is heated for a longer time. Therefore, the melting time increases.
[0023]
As described above, the crystalline semiconductor film manufactured by the laser annealing method with the heat insulating layer interposed between the semiconductor film and between the semiconductor film and the substrate can be applied to various semiconductor devices. In particular, it is suitable for forming an active layer of a TFT.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration capable of suppressing thermal diffusion and explaining the concept of the laser crystallization method of the present invention. A first insulating film 102, a first heat insulating layer 103, a second insulating film 104, an amorphous semiconductor film 105, and a second heat insulating layer 106 are formed over the substrate 101. The first and second insulating films are formed of silicon oxide, nitride, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, a material selected from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxynitride is selected. The first and second thermal insulation layers are methyl (CH₃), Ethyl (C₂H₅) Group, propyl (C₃H ₇ ) Group, butyl (C₄H ₉ ) Group, vinyl (C₂H ₃ ) Group, phenyl (C₆H₅) Group, CF₃A silicon oxide film containing any of the groups is formed. For example, in a silicon oxide film containing a methyl group, it is considered that since the methyl group is bonded only to silicon, the network bond density of silicon is lowered and the rate of thermal diffusion is lowered.
[0025]
The material of the amorphous semiconductor film is amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon / germanium, amorphous silicon / carbite, or the like, and is formed by a vapor deposition method such as a plasma CVD method or a sputtering method.
[0026]
In the laser crystallization method, the semiconductor laser is heated and melted by optimizing the conditions of the laser (or laser beam) to be irradiated, and the generation density of crystal nuclei and the crystal growth from the crystal nuclei are controlled. Yes. Applicable laser light irradiation conditions include laser energy density, number of irradiation pulses, pulse width (irradiation time), repetition frequency (cooling time), substrate heating temperature, and the like.
[0027]
FIG. 2 shows a state in which the linear laser beam 113 is irradiated on the substrate 110 on which the amorphous semiconductor film 111 is formed. Linear laser beam is usually formed with a film
Irradiation from the surface, but irradiation from the opposite substrate side is also possible. The laser light is condensed into a linear shape by the cylindrical lens 112. To that end, it is necessary to combine a plurality of cylindrical lenses (omitted in FIG. 2). The intensity distribution of the irradiated linear laser light is uniform in the longitudinal direction (y direction) and the width direction (x direction).
[0028]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a laser irradiation apparatus used in the laser crystallization method. An excimer laser, a YAG laser, or the like is applied to the laser oscillator 301. All excimer lasers using ArF, KrF, XeCl, etc. have a wavelength of 400 nm or less, and can obtain laser beams with high energy density. The diode-pumped YAG laser also has a feature that a laser beam having a high energy density can be obtained at a high oscillation frequency, and is suitable for use in a laser crystallization method. However, in this case, the second harmonic (532 nm) to the third harmonic (355 nm) are used. As types of YAG laser, YLF laser, YVO_FourA laser can also be used.
[0029]
Laser light emitted from the laser light generator 301 is spread in one direction by beam expanders 302 and 303 and reflected by a mirror 304. Then, the light is divided by the cylindrical lens array 305, and is irradiated with the cylindrical lenses 306 and 307 so as to form a linear beam having a line width of 100 to 1000 μm so as to form a linear irradiation region 310 on the sample surface. The substrate 308 is held on a stage 309 operable in the X direction, Y direction, and θ direction. Then, by moving the stage 309 with respect to the irradiation region 310, laser light can be irradiated over the entire surface of the substrate 308. At this time, the substrate 308 may be held in an air atmosphere, or may be crystallized under a reduced pressure or in an inert gas atmosphere.
[0030]
Next, an example of an apparatus for handling the substrate 308 in the laser apparatus configured as shown in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG. The substrate 413 held on the stage 412 is placed in the processing chamber (A) 418 and irradiated with linear laser light using the laser oscillator 411 shown in FIG. 3 as an oscillation source. The reaction chamber can be in a reduced pressure state or an inert gas atmosphere by an exhaust system or gas system (not shown), and the stage 425 has a heating means capable of heating up to 100 to 450 ° C. without contaminating the semiconductor film. Is provided. The stage 425 corresponds to the stage 412 shown in FIG.
[0031]
Further, the stage 425 can move in the reaction chamber along the guide rail 421, and the entire surface of the substrate can be irradiated with linear laser light. The laser light is incident from a quartz window (not shown) provided on the upper surface of the substrate 426. In FIG. 15, the reaction chamber 418 is connected to the transfer chamber 415 via a gate valve 424. In addition, a processing chamber (B) 416 for forming a film is connected to the transfer chamber 415 via a gate valve 422 and a load / unload chamber 417 and a gate valve 423.
[0032]
A cassette 419 capable of holding a plurality of substrates is installed in the load / unload chamber 417, and the substrate is transferred by a transfer means 420 provided in the transfer chamber 415. Substrate 427 ′ represents the substrate being transferred. The processing chamber (B) 416 is for forming a semiconductor film by a plasma CVD method or a sputtering method, and is provided with a gas supply unit (not shown) in addition to the substrate heating unit 428 and the glow discharge generating unit 429. .
[0033]
Although not shown in FIG. 15, the exhaust means and the gas supply means are provided in the transfer chamber 415, the processing chamber (A) 415, the processing chamber (B) 416, and the load / unload chamber 417, thereby providing a semiconductor. The formation of the film and the heat treatment of the semiconductor film using laser light can be continuously performed under reduced pressure or in an inert gas atmosphere.
[0034]
Since the pulse width of the excimer laser is several nsec to several tens of nsec, for example, 30 nsec, when irradiated with a pulse oscillation frequency of 30 Hz, the semiconductor film is instantaneously heated by the pulse laser beam and cooled for a time much longer than the heating time. Will be. Even if a YAG laser having a higher oscillation frequency is used, the relationship remains unchanged. The cooling process starts immediately after the irradiation of the laser light, and heat diffuses into the upper and lower layers of the semiconductor film.
[0035]
The crystallization process will be described with reference to FIG. The amorphous semiconductor film 105 is heated by irradiation with the pulsed laser beam 107 and is once melted. Immediately after the laser beam 107 is interrupted, the cooling process starts and the phase changes to a solid phase. Thereafter, heat diffuses to the substrate side and the upper heat insulating layer. Thermal diffusion to the substrate side is suppressed by the heat insulating layer 103. That is, the cooling rate is relatively slow as compared with the case without the heat retaining layer 103.
[0036]
  On the other hand, the heat diffused to the heat insulation layer provided on the upper layer of the semiconductor film is temporarily held in the heat insulation layer, but then the heat diffuses to the semiconductor layer, that is, the substrate side. The semiconductor layer is heated again by this diffusion of heat, so that the melting time becomes longer. In the present invention, methyl (CH₃), Ethyl (C₂H₅) Group, propyl (C₃H ₇ ) Group, butyl (C₄H ₉ ) Group, vinyl (C₂H ₃ ) Group, phenyl (C₆H₅) Group, CF₃Since it is formed of the silicon oxide film containing any of the groups, the heat propagation speed is low, and there is an effect of heating the semiconductor film for a longer time.
[0037]
It is presumed that crystal nuclei are formed and formed during the cooling process from the molten state to the solid state. The nucleation density correlates with the temperature in the molten state and the cooling rate, and it has been empirically found that the nucleation density tends to increase when quenched from a high temperature. Crystal nuclei are generated near the interface between the semiconductor film and the base. In the case of FIG. 1, by optimizing the laser light irradiation conditions and the film thickness of the heat retaining layers 103 and 106, it becomes possible to control the temperature of the molten state and the cooling rate thereof, and the number of crystal nuclei 108 generated. And a crystal having a large grain size can be grown.
[0038]
From such a meaning, the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating layer is 1.0 W / m · K or less, preferably 0.3 W / m · K or less. The thermal conductivity of this thermal insulation layer is very low compared to the substrate (1.4 W / m · K for quartz substrate) and silicon oxide (1 to 2 W / m · K). It is done.
[0039]
With such a mechanism, the crystal grain size of the crystalline semiconductor film manufactured by the laser crystallization method can be increased. The produced crystalline semiconductor film can be used for an active layer of a TFT.
[0040]
[Embodiment 2]
An example of a method for manufacturing a crystalline semiconductor film by the laser crystallization method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A, an alkali-free glass substrate such as barium borosilicate glass or alumino borosilicate glass, a quartz substrate, or the like can be used for the substrate 201. In addition, organic resin films such as polycarbonate (PC), polyarylate (PAr), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyether terephthalate (PET) can also be used.
[0041]
Then, a first insulating film 202 made of an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a silicon oxynitride film is formed on the surface of the substrate 201 on which the TFT is formed in order to prevent impurity contamination from the substrate 201. For example, SiH by plasma CVD method_Four, NH_Three, N₂A silicon oxynitride film formed from O is stacked to a thickness of 10 to 200 nm (preferably 50 to 100 nm).
[0042]
Next, the heat insulating layer 203 is changed to a methyl group (CH_Three), Ethyl (C₂H_Five) Group, propyl (C_ThreeH₇) Group, butyl (C_FourH₉) Group, vinyl (C₂H_Three) Group, phenyl (C₆H_Five) Group, CF_ThreeA silicon oxide film containing any of the groups is formed. A manufacturing method depends on an organic material as a raw material, but a vapor phase method or a liquid phase method is used. The thickness of the heat insulating layer is desirably 100 nm to 1000 nm (preferably 200 to 500 nm). The cooling rate in the laser crystallization process is controlled by optimizing this film thickness. When the thickness is less than 100 nm, a sufficient heat retention effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it is thicker than 1000 nm, it is not preferable because a crack (crack) or the like is formed in the semiconductor film formed in the upper layer. The second insulating layer 204 is formed with a thickness of 10 to 100 nm in the same manner as the first insulating layer 202.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 4B, an amorphous semiconductor film 205 is formed with a thickness of 10 to 100 nm over the second insulating film 204. As the amorphous semiconductor film, an amorphous silicon film is typically used. Alternatively, a compound semiconductor film having an amorphous structure such as an amorphous silicon / germanium film may be used. As a method for forming the amorphous semiconductor film, a known method such as a plasma CVD method or a sputtering method may be used.
[0044]
The heat insulating layer 206 has a methyl group (CH_Three), Ethyl (C₂H_Five) Group, propyl (C_ThreeH₇) Group, butyl (C_FourH₉) Group, vinyl (C₂H_Three) Group, phenyl (C₆H_Five) Group, CF_ThreeA silicon oxide film containing any of the groups is formed. A manufacturing method depends on an organic material as a raw material, but a vapor phase method or a liquid phase method is used. The thickness of the heat insulating layer is desirably 100 nm to 1000 nm (preferably 200 to 500 nm). The cooling rate in the laser crystallization process is controlled by optimizing this film thickness.
[0045]
The conditions of the laser crystal are appropriately selected by the practitioner. For example, the pulse oscillation frequency of the excimer laser is 50 Hz, and the laser energy density is 200 to 400 mJ / cm.²(Typically 250-350mJ / cm²). Then, the linear laser beam condensed by the optical system is irradiated over the entire surface of the substrate. The superposition rate (overlap rate) of the linear laser light at this time is 80 to 99% (preferably 95 to 99%). In this way, a crystalline semiconductor film 208 can be obtained as shown in FIG. After crystallization, the heat insulating layer 206 is removed by dry etching or wet etching. CF for dry etching_FourAnd O₂Etc. are used. Alternatively, hydrofluoric acid or the like is used for wet etching.
[0046]
[Embodiment 3]
As the heat retaining layers 203 and 206 shown in FIG. 4 in the second embodiment, TEOS (Tetraethyl Ortho Silicate: Si (OC) is formed by plasma CVD.₂H_Five)_Four) Can be used. An example of the manufacturing method is TEOS and O₂And a reaction pressure of 20 to 100 Pa, a substrate temperature of 200 to 350 ° C., and a high frequency (13.56 MHz) power density of 0.1 to 0.5 W / cm.²To form a glow discharge. The optimum manufacturing conditions depend on the characteristics of the actual equipment used, but the substrate temperature and power density are lowered to reduce undecomposed C_xH_yAn organic-containing silicon oxide film can be formed by leaving the bonds.
[0047]
In addition, phenyl group-containing silicon oxide films are made of phenyltrichlorosilane (PhSiCl_Three) And water (H₂The mixed gas of O) can be directly formed on a substrate heated to 60 to 100 ° C. Also, the silicon oxide film containing CF3 group is CF_ThreeSi (CH_Three)_ThreeAnd ozone (O_Three) Can be deposited on a substrate heated to 300-400 ° C.
[0048]
[Embodiment 4]
FIG. 5 shows an example in which the organic-containing silicon oxide film used as the heat retaining layers 203 and 206 in the second embodiment is manufactured by a liquid phase method. A nozzle 504 connects a container 501 containing a raw material 505 and a reaction tank 502 containing a solution 506. The substrate 508 is impregnated in the solution 506. The flow rate is controlled by a mass flow controller 503 using nitrogen as a carrier gas, the raw material is bubbled, the raw material 505 is supplied to the reaction tank 502 containing the solution 506, and the raw material and the solution are reacted to form an organic-containing silicon oxide film on the substrate. Form. The reaction is carried out with stirring by a stirrer in solution 506. The temperature may be room temperature.
[0049]
The raw material is methyltriethoxylane (CH_ThreeSi (OC₂H_Five)_Three), Ethyltriethoxylane (CH_ThreeCH₂Si (OC₂H_Five)_Three), N-propyltriethoxylane (CH_Three(CH₂)₂Si (OC₂H_Five)_Three), N-butyltriethoxylane (CH_Three(CH₂)_ThreeSi (OC₂H_Five)_Three), Vinyltriethoxylane (CH₂CHSi (OC₂H_Five)_ThreeAn aqueous solution of an organic compound selected from
[0050]
The solution 506 is an aqueous solution in which formic acid (HCOOH) and ammonia (NH4OH) are adjusted to a predetermined concentration. The mixing ratio is appropriately adjusted. For example, 1.5 mol / l of formic acid and 1.0 mol / l of ammonia are mixed with 400 ml of the solution. The advantage of such a liquid phase method is that it can be deposited at a low temperature and a film can be formed without destroying the molecular structure. However, the deposition rate is slow, 4 nm / hour.
[0051]
【Example】
[Example 1]
An example in which a display device is manufactured from a crystallized semiconductor film manufactured using the laser crystallization method of the present invention will be described. Here, a method for simultaneously manufacturing a pixel TFT and a storage capacitor in a pixel region and a TFT of a driver circuit provided around the pixel region will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0052]
In FIG. 6A, a substrate 601 includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene in addition to a glass substrate such as barium borosilicate glass or aluminoborosilicate glass represented by Corning # 7059 glass or # 1737 glass. A plastic substrate having no optical anisotropy such as naphthalate (PEN) or polyethersulfone (PES) can be used. When a glass substrate is used, heat treatment may be performed in advance at a temperature lower by about 10 to 20 ° C. than the glass strain point. Then, a first insulating film 602 made of an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a silicon oxynitride film is formed on the surface of the substrate 101 where the TFT is formed in order to prevent impurity diffusion from the substrate 601. For example, SiH by plasma CVD method_Four, NH_Three, N₂A silicon oxynitride film formed from O is formed to a thickness of 10 to 100 nm to form a first insulating film 602.
[0053]
The silicon oxynitride film is formed using a parallel plate type plasma CVD method. The silicon oxynitride film is SiH_Four10SCCM, NH_ThreeTo 100 SCCM, N₂O was introduced into the reaction chamber as 20 SCCM, the substrate temperature was 325 ° C., the reaction pressure was 40 Pa, and the discharge power density was 0.41 W / cm.²The discharge frequency is 60 MHz.
[0054]
The heat insulating layer 603 is an organic-containing silicon oxide film and is formed to a thickness of 100 nm to 1000 nm (preferably 200 to 500 nm). The organic-containing silicon oxide film may be formed by the method described in Embodiment 2 or 3. The second insulating layer 604 is formed of a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film with a thickness of 10 to 100 nm in the same manner as the first insulating layer 602.
[0055]
Next, a semiconductor film 605 having an amorphous structure with a thickness of 10 to 100 nm (preferably 30 to 60 nm) is formed by a known method such as a plasma CVD method or a sputtering method. Typically, an amorphous silicon film is formed to a thickness of 55 nm by plasma CVD. In addition, the second insulating film 604 and the amorphous silicon film 605 can be continuously formed. For example, after forming a silicon oxynitride film as described above, the reaction gas is changed to SiH._Four, N₂O, H₂To SiH_FourAnd H₂Or SiH_FourBy switching only to this, it can be formed continuously without being exposed to the air atmosphere. As a result, contamination at this interface can be prevented, and variations in characteristics of TFTs to be manufactured and fluctuations in threshold voltage can be reduced.
[0056]
The heat insulating layer 606 is an organic-containing silicon oxide film and is formed to a thickness of 100 nm to 1000 nm (preferably 100 to 500 nm). The organic-containing silicon oxide film may be formed by the method described in Embodiment 2 or 3.
[0057]
The crystallization step shown in FIG. 6B is performed by a laser crystallization method. Gas lasers typified by pulsed excimer lasers, YAG lasers, YVO_FourA solid-state laser typified by a laser is used. In the case of using these lasers, it is preferable to use a method in which laser light emitted from a laser oscillator is condensed into a linear shape, a rectangular shape, or a rectangular shape by an optical system and irradiated onto a semiconductor film. The laser irradiation conditions for the amorphous semiconductor film are appropriately selected by the practitioner, but when an excimer laser is used, the pulse oscillation frequency is 30 Hz and the laser energy density is 100 to 400 mJ / cm 2 (typically 200). ˜300 mJ / cm 2). When a YAG laser is used, the second harmonic is used and the pulse oscillation frequency is set to 1 to 10 kHz, and the laser energy density is preferably set to 300 to 600 mJ / cm 2 (typically 350 to 500 mJ / cm 2). Then, a laser beam condensed linearly with a width of 100 to 1000 μm, for example, 400 μm, is irradiated over the entire surface of the substrate, and the superposition ratio (overlap ratio) of the linear laser light at this time is set to 80 to 98%.
[0058]
The crystalline semiconductor film 608 manufactured by this laser crystallization method has a polycrystalline structure in which a plurality of crystal grains are aggregated. However, due to the effect of providing the heat retaining layers 603 and 606, each of the crystal grains is increased in size. The mechanism may be referred to the first embodiment. In any case, in the transitional process of melting and cooling of the semiconductor film by the irradiation of the pulsed laser beam, by providing the heat retaining layers 603 and 606, the cooling process is made gentle so that the crystalline material having a large grain size is obtained. A silicon film can be obtained. After crystallization, the heat insulating layer 606 is removed by dry etching or wet etching.
[0059]
Then, as shown in FIG. 6C, a resist pattern is formed by a light exposure process, the crystalline semiconductor film 608 is divided into islands by dry etching, and island-like semiconductor films 609 to 612 are formed. CF for dry etching_FourAnd O₂The mixed gas is used. The gate insulating film 613 is formed of an insulating film containing silicon with a thickness of 40 to 200 nm by plasma CVD or sputtering. SiH by plasma CVD_FourAnd N₂A silicon oxynitride film manufactured from a mixed gas of O is a material suitable as a gate insulating film, and is formed to a thickness of 80 nm to be a gate insulating film. Needless to say, the gate insulating film is not limited to such a silicon oxynitride film, and another insulating film containing silicon may be used as a single layer or a stacked structure. For example, when a silicon oxide film is used, TEOS and O2 are formed by plasma CVD.₂And a reaction pressure of 40 Pa, a substrate temperature of 300 to 400 ° C., and discharge at a high frequency (13.56 MHz) power density of 0.5 to 0.8 W / cm 2. The silicon oxide film thus manufactured can obtain good characteristics as a gate insulating film by subsequent thermal annealing at 400 to 500 ° C.
[0060]
Then, a first conductive film 614 and a second conductive film 615 for forming a gate electrode are formed over the gate insulating film 613. The gate electrode of the TFT shown in this embodiment is formed with a two-layer structure, the first conductive film 614 is formed with a tantalum nitride (referred to as TaN in this specification) film with a thickness of 50 to 100 nm, The conductive film 615 is formed with a tungsten (W) film to a thickness of 100 to 300 nm.
[0061]
The TaN film is an excellent material with high thermal stability, considering that heat treatment is performed in a later process. The W film is formed by sputtering using W as a target. In addition, tungsten hexafluoride (WF₆It can also be formed by a thermal CVD method using In any case, in order to use it as a gate electrode, it is necessary to reduce the resistance. The resistivity of the W film can be reduced by increasing the crystal grains. However, when there are many impurity elements such as oxygen in W, crystallization is hindered and the resistance is increased. Using a W target with a purity of 99.9999%, and forming a W film with sufficient consideration to prevent impurities from entering the gas phase during film formation, a resistivity of 9 to 20 μΩcm is achieved. can do.
[0062]
Next, as shown in FIG. 7A, a resist mask 616 is formed and a first etching process is performed. Although there is no limitation on the etching method, an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) etching apparatus is preferably used. CF for etching gas_FourAnd Cl₂Etching is performed by generating plasma by applying 500 W RF (13.56 MHz) power to the coil electrode at a pressure of 0.5 to 2 Pa, preferably 1 Pa. 100 W of RF (13.56 MHz) power is also applied to the substrate side (sample stage), and a substantially negative self-bias voltage is applied. CF_FourAnd Cl₂When W is mixed, the W film and the Ta film can be etched at the same rate.
[0063]
In the first etching treatment, the end portions of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are processed so as to have a tapered shape. The angle of the tapered portion is 15 to 45 °. However, in order to perform etching without leaving a residue on the gate insulating film, it is preferable to perform an overetching process that increases the etching time at a rate of about 10 to 20%. Since the selection ratio of the silicon oxynitride film to the W film is 2 to 4 (typically 3), the surface where the silicon oxynitride film is exposed is etched by about 20 to 50 nm by the over-etching process. Thus, the first shape conductive layers 617 to 621 (the first conductive layers 617 a to 621 a and the second conductive layers 617 b to 621 b) composed of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer by the first etching treatment. Form.
[0064]
Next, a second etching process is performed as shown in FIG. Using ICP etching equipment, CF as etching gas_FourAnd Cl₂And O₂And 500 W of RF power (13.56 MHz) is supplied to the coil-type electrode at a pressure of 1 Pa to generate plasma. 50 W RF (13.56 MHz) power is applied to the substrate side (sample stage) so that the self-bias voltage is lower than that in the first etching process. Under such conditions, the W film is anisotropically etched, and the TaN film is anisotropically etched at a slower etching rate to form the second shape conductive layers 622 to 626 (first conductive layers 622a to 626a). And second conductive layers 622b to 626b) are formed. Reference numeral 627 denotes a gate insulating film, and a region that is not covered with the second shape conductive layers 622 to 626 is formed as a thinned region etched by about 40 to 80 nm by the first etching process and the second etching process. The
[0065]
The impurity regions of the n-channel TFT and the p-channel TFT are formed in a self-aligned manner using the second shape conductive layer. Two types of impurity regions having different concentrations are formed in the n-channel TFT. FIG. 7C illustrates a first impurity region 628 which overlaps with the first conductive layers 622a to 626a by adding an impurity element imparting n-type conductivity in the first doping treatment (conditions of high acceleration voltage and low dose). The process of forming ˜631 is shown. In this case, second impurity regions 632 to 635 are formed outside the first impurity regions 628 to 631. The doping process is performed by an ion doping method, an ion implantation method, or the like. The impurity element imparting n-type is an element belonging to Group 15 of the periodic table, and typically phosphorus (P) or arsenic (As) is used. The concentration of the impurity element to be added is 2 × 10 in the first impurity region.¹⁶~ 1x10¹⁸/cm^ThreeTry to be about. In the second impurity region, 1 × 10¹⁷~ 5x10¹⁸/cm^ThreeTry to be about.
[0066]
Next, as shown in FIG. 8A, a resist mask 636 is formed. This mask is formed to determine the source and drain regions of the pixel TFT and the n-channel TFT of the sampling circuit in the driving circuit. The second doping process is performed in order to form the third impurity region 637 in the n-channel TFT of the driver circuit. The concentration of the impurity element imparting n-type added to the third impurity region 637 is 5 × 10 5.¹⁷~ 5x10¹⁹/cm^ThreeTry to be about. Further, a third doping process is performed, and an impurity element imparting n-type conductivity is 1 × 10 5.²⁰~ 1x10^{twenty one}/cm^ThreeFourth impurity regions 638 to 640 added at a concentration are formed.
[0067]
As shown in FIG. 8B, the impurity region for the p-channel TFT is formed by forming a resist mask 641 so as to protect the region where the n-channel TFT is formed, and performing a fourth doping process. Fifth impurity regions 642 and 643 to which an impurity element imparting p-type conductivity is added are formed. The impurity element imparting p-type is an element belonging to Group 13 of the periodic table, and typically boron (B) is used.
[0068]
As shown in FIG. 8C, a first interlayer insulating film 644 is formed over the gate electrode and the gate insulating film. The first interlayer insulating film may be formed using a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride film, or a stacked film including a combination thereof. In any case, the first interlayer insulating film 644 is formed of an inorganic insulating material, and 5 to 30 atomic%, preferably 15 to 25 atomic% of hydrogen is contained in the film. The thickness of the first interlayer insulating film 644 is 100 to 200 nm. When a silicon oxide film is used, TEOS and O2 are formed by plasma CVD.₂And a reaction pressure of 40 Pa, a substrate temperature of 300 to 400 ° C., and discharge at a high frequency (13.56 MHz) power density of 0.5 to 0.8 W / cm 2. When using a silicon oxynitride film, SiH is formed by plasma CVD._Four, N₂O, NH_ThreeSilicon oxynitride film manufactured from SiH or SiH_Four, N₂A silicon oxynitride film formed from O may be used. The production conditions in this case are a reaction pressure of 20 to 200 Pa, a substrate temperature of 300 to 400 ° C., and a high frequency (60 MHz) power density of 0.1 to 1.0 W / cm.²Can be formed. SiH4, N₂O, H₂Alternatively, a silicon oxynitride silicon film manufactured from the above may be used. Similarly, the silicon nitride film is made of SiH by plasma CVD._Four, NH_ThreeIt is possible to make from.
[0069]
Thereafter, a step of activating the impurity element imparting n-type or p-type added at each concentration is performed. This step may be performed by heat treatment using a furnace annealing furnace or by laser annealing. When the heat treatment is performed, the oxygen concentration is 1 ppm or less, preferably 0.1 ppm or less in a nitrogen atmosphere at 400 to 700 ° C., typically 400 to 550 ° C., and in this embodiment, 500 ° C. Heat treatment for 1 hour is performed. By this heat treatment, hydrogen contained in the first interlayer insulating film 644 is diffused into the semiconductor film, and hydrogenation can be performed at the same time. In the case where a plastic substrate having a low heat resistant temperature is used for the substrate 601, it is preferable to apply a laser annealing method.
[0070]
Alternatively, after the heat treatment, the semiconductor film may be hydrogenated by performing heat treatment at 300 to 450 ° C. for 1 to 12 hours in an atmosphere containing 3 to 100% hydrogen. In any case, the purpose of hydrogenation is in the semiconductor film.¹⁶-10¹⁸/cm^ThreeThe dangling bond is compensated with hydrogen to reduce its density. As another means of hydrogenation, plasma hydrogenation (using hydrogen excited by plasma) may be performed.
[0071]
The second interlayer insulating film 645 is formed with an average thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 μm using an organic insulating material. As the organic resin material, polyimide, acrylic, polyamide, polyimide amide, BCB (benzocyclobutene), or the like can be used. For example, when using a type of polyimide that is thermally polymerized after being applied to the substrate, it is formed by baking at 300 ° C. using a clean oven. When acrylic is used, a two-component one is used. After mixing the main material and the curing agent, the whole surface of the substrate is applied using a spinner, and then preheating is performed on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 60 seconds. Further, it can be formed by baking at 250 ° C. for 60 minutes using a clean oven.
[0072]
Thus, the surface can be satisfactorily flattened by forming the interlayer insulating film with an organic insulating material. In addition, since organic resin materials generally have a low dielectric constant, parasitic capacitance can be reduced. However, it is hygroscopic and is not suitable as a protective film, and thus needs to be used in combination with a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride film, or the like formed as the protective insulating film 644 as in this embodiment.
[0073]
Thereafter, a resist mask having a predetermined pattern is formed by an optical exposure process, and contact holes reaching the source region or the drain region formed in each semiconductor film are formed. Contact holes are formed by dry etching. In this case, CF is used as an etching gas._Four, O₂The second interlayer insulating film 645 made of an organic resin material is etched using a mixed gas of He and He, and then the etching gas is changed to CF._Four, O₂The first interlayer insulating film 644 is etched as follows. Further, in order to increase the selectivity with the island-shaped semiconductor film, the etching gas is changed to CHF._ThreeThe contact hole can be satisfactorily formed by switching to 1 and etching the gate insulating film.
[0074]
Then, a conductive metal film is formed by sputtering or vacuum vapor deposition, a resist mask having a predetermined pattern is formed by a light exposure process, and source and drain wirings 646 to 652 are formed by etching. 653 formed at the same time functions as a pixel electrode. Although not shown, in this embodiment, this electrode is formed by forming a Ti film with a thickness of 50 to 150 nm, forming a contact with the semiconductor film forming the source or drain region of the island-shaped semiconductor film, and then forming the Ti film. Overlaid on top, aluminum (Al) is formed to a thickness of 300 to 400 nm to form wiring.
[0075]
When a heat treatment (sintering) is performed at 300 to 450 ° C. for 1 to 12 hours in this state, good ohmic contact can be obtained. If this heat treatment is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere, it can also serve as a hydrogenation treatment (FIG. 8C).
[0076]
Thus, a substrate in which a TFT of a driving circuit and a pixel TFT of a pixel region are integrally formed by using six crystalline photomasks using a crystalline semiconductor film manufactured by a laser crystallization method performed by providing a heat insulating layer on the substrate. Can be completed. The driver circuit 661 includes a first p-channel TFT 654, a first n-channel TFT 655, a second n-channel TFT 658, and a pixel TFT 659 and a storage capacitor 660 in the pixel region 662. In this specification, such a substrate is referred to as an active matrix substrate for convenience.
[0077]
The first p-channel TFT 654 of the driver circuit 661 is formed with a single drain structure having a channel formation region 663 and source or drain regions 664 and 665 each including a fifth impurity region. However, the source or drain region 664 is formed so as to overlap with the first conductive layer 622a.
[0078]
The first n-channel TFT 655 includes a channel formation region 666, a third impurity region 667 overlapping the second conductive layer 623a which is a gate electrode, and a fourth impurity region 668 formed outside the gate electrode. Yes. The third impurity region 667 is an LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) region, and the fourth impurity region 668 is a region functioning as a source region or a drain region. In particular, the third impurity region 667 is an LDD region overlapping with the gate electrode (such an LDD region is expressed as Lov), and is also called a GOLD (Gate Overlapped Drain) structure. As a result, TFT deterioration due to the hot carrier effect can be prevented, and extremely stable operation can be obtained even when a high voltage of 10 V or higher is applied.
[0079]
The second n-channel TFT 658 includes a channel formation region 669, a first impurity region 670 overlapping with the second conductive layer 624a which is a gate electrode, a second impurity region 671 formed outside the gate electrode, 4 impurity regions 672. The first impurity region 670 is Lov and prevents TFT deterioration due to the hot carrier effect. The second impurity region 671 is an LDD region that does not overlap with the gate electrode (such an LDD region is expressed as Loff), and has an effect of reducing off-state current.
[0080]
The pixel TFT 659 includes a channel formation region 673, a first impurity region 674, a second impurity region 675, and a fourth impurity region 676. Although FIG. 8C illustrates the pixel TFT 659 with a double gate structure, it may have a single gate structure or a multi-gate structure provided with a plurality of gate electrodes. Further, a storage capacitor 660 is formed from the capacitor wiring 626, an insulating film made of the same material as the gate insulating film, and semiconductor films 679 and 680 (impurity elements imparting n-type are added to 680). Yes.
[0081]
An impurity element imparting n-type conductivity is added to the first impurity region to the fourth impurity region. The first impurity region has 2 × 10¹⁶~ 1x10¹⁸/cm^ThreeIn the second impurity region, 1 × 10¹⁷~ 5x10¹⁸/cm^ThreeIn the third impurity region, 5 × 10¹⁷~ 5x10¹⁹/cm^ThreeIn the fourth impurity region, 1 × 10²⁰~ 1x10^{twenty one}/cm^ThreeImpurity elements are added at a concentration of. An impurity element imparting p-type conductivity is added to the fifth impurity region, and the impurity element is added at a concentration 1.5 to 3 times that of the fourth impurity region.
[0082]
The first impurity region and the third impurity region are Lov, and are formed with a length in the channel length direction of 0.5 to 3 μm, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 μm. The reason why the concentration of the impurity element added in the two impurity regions is different is that the former is formed at the lowest possible concentration in consideration of the reduction of off-current, while the latter is to increase the current driving capability. This is derived from the importance of on-current. The second impurity region is Loff and is formed with a length in the channel length direction of 0.5 to 3 μm, preferably 1.0 to 1.5 μm.
[0083]
The first p-channel TFT 654 and the first n-channel TFT 655 form a shift register circuit, a buffer circuit, and the like. The second n-channel TFT 658 is applied to a sampling circuit. As described above, the structure of the TFT can be optimized in accordance with the specifications required for each circuit formed on the active matrix substrate, and the operation performance and reliability can be improved.
[0084]
FIG. 9 is a top view showing almost one pixel of the pixel portion. A cross section AA ′ shown in the drawing corresponds to the cross sectional view of the pixel portion shown in FIG. The gate electrode 625 of the pixel TFT 659 intersects the island-shaped semiconductor film 612 thereunder via a gate insulating film (not shown). Although not shown, the island-shaped semiconductor film 612 includes a source region, a drain region, and an LDD region. Reference numeral 676 denotes a contact portion between the source wiring 652 and the source region, and 677 denotes a contact portion between the pixel electrode 653 and the drain region. The storage capacitor 660 is formed in a region where the capacitor wiring 626 overlaps with the semiconductor film extending from the drain region of the pixel TFT 659 and the gate insulating film. The structure shown here is an active matrix substrate in which the pixel electrode 653 is formed of the same material as the source wiring and the drain wiring, that is, applicable to a reflective display device.
[0085]
[Example 2]
The active matrix substrate manufactured in Embodiment 1 can be applied to a reflective display device. On the other hand, in the case of a transmissive liquid crystal display device, a pixel electrode provided in each pixel of the pixel portion may be formed using a transparent electrode. In this embodiment, a method for manufacturing an active matrix substrate corresponding to a transmissive liquid crystal display device is described with reference to FIGS.
[0086]
The active matrix substrate is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. However, a transparent conductive film is formed over the second interlayer insulating film 645 and the pixel electrode 681 is formed before forming the source wiring and the drain wiring. Thereafter, a source wiring 682 and a drain wiring 683 are formed. The drain wiring 683 is overlapped with the pixel electrode 681 to form a contact portion. As an example of the source wiring and the drain wiring, a Ti film is formed to a thickness of 50 to 150 nm, a contact is formed with a semiconductor film that forms a source or drain region of the island-shaped semiconductor film, and an Al layer is stacked on the Ti film. Are formed with a thickness of 300 to 400 nm. With this configuration, the pixel electrode 681 is in contact with only the Ti film forming the drain wiring 683. As a result, the reaction between the transparent conductive film material and Al can be prevented.
[0087]
The material of the transparent conductive film is indium oxide (In₂O_Three) Or indium tin oxide alloy (In₂O_Three-SnO₂; ITO) or the like can be formed using a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, or the like. Etching treatment of such a material is performed with a hydrochloric acid based solution. However, in particular, etching of ITO is likely to generate a residue, so in order to improve etching processability, an indium oxide-zinc oxide alloy (In₂O_Three—ZnO) may also be used. Since the indium oxide-zinc oxide alloy has excellent surface smoothness and thermal stability with respect to ITO, it can prevent a corrosion reaction with Al coming into contact with the end face of the drain wiring 683. Similarly, zinc oxide (ZnO) is also a suitable material, and zinc oxide (ZnO: Ga) to which gallium (Ga) is added to further increase the transmittance and conductivity of visible light can be used.
[0088]
In this manner, an active matrix substrate corresponding to a transmissive liquid crystal display device can be completed. Although this embodiment has been described as a process similar to that of Embodiment 1, such a configuration can be applied to the active matrix substrate shown in Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3.
[0089]
[Example 3]
In this embodiment, a process of manufacturing an active matrix liquid crystal display device from the active matrix substrate manufactured in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, spacers made of columnar spacers are formed on the active matrix substrate in the state of FIG. The spacer may be provided by dispersing particles of several μm, but here, a method of forming a resin film on the entire surface of the substrate and then patterning it is adopted. Although there is no limitation on the material of such a spacer, for example, NN700 manufactured by JSR Co. is used, and after applying with a spinner, a predetermined pattern is formed by exposure and development processing. Further, it is cured by heating at 150 to 200 ° C. using a clean oven or the like. The spacers produced in this way can have different shapes depending on the conditions of exposure and development processing. Preferably, the columnar spacers 701 and 702 have a columnar shape and a flat top portion. The mechanical strength of the liquid crystal display device can be ensured when the side substrates are combined. There is no particular limitation on the shape, such as a cone or a pyramid. However, depending on the liquid crystal material used, the height is 3 to 8 μm for nematic liquid crystal and 1 to 4 μm for smectic liquid crystal.
[0090]
The arrangement of the columnar spacers may be arbitrarily determined, but preferably, the columnar spacers 701 are formed so as to overlap the contact portions 678 of the pixel electrodes 653 and cover the portions in the pixel region as shown in FIG. . Since the flatness of the contact portion 678 is impaired and the liquid crystal is not well aligned in this portion, the columnar spacer 701 is formed in this manner by filling the contact portion 678 with the resin for the spacer, thereby allowing disclination and the like. Can be prevented.
[0091]
Thereafter, an alignment film 703 is formed. A polyimide resin is used for the alignment film. After the alignment film is formed, a rubbing process is performed so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned with a certain pretilt angle. The region that is not rubbed in the rubbing direction from the end of the columnar spacer 701 provided in the pixel region is set to 2 μm or less. In addition, the occurrence of static electricity is often a problem in the rubbing process, but if the columnar spacer 702 is also formed on the TFT of the drive circuit, the original role as a spacer and the effect of protecting the TFT from static electricity can be obtained. Can do.
[0092]
A counter electrode 705 and an alignment film 706 formed of a transparent conductive film are formed on the counter substrate 704 on the counter side. Then, the active matrix substrate on which the pixel region and the drive circuit are formed and the counter substrate are bonded together with a sealant (not shown). Thereafter, liquid crystal 707 is injected between both substrates and completely sealed with a sealing material (not shown). A known liquid crystal material may be used as the liquid crystal material. Thus, the active matrix type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 10 is completed.
[0093]
FIG. 11 is a top view of an active matrix substrate on which a spacer and a sealing agent are formed, and is a top view showing a positional relationship between the pixel portion and the drive circuit portion, the spacer, and the sealing agent. Around the pixel region 888, a scanning signal driving circuit 885 and an image signal driving circuit 886 are provided as driving circuits. In addition, a signal processing circuit 887 such as a CPU or a memory may be added. These drive circuits are connected to the external input / output terminal 882 by connection wiring 883. In the pixel portion 888, a gate wiring group 889 extending from the scanning signal driving circuit 885 and a source wiring group 890 extending from the image signal driving circuit 886 intersect in a matrix to form a pixel. A pixel TFT 659 and a storage capacitor 660 shown in (C) are provided.
[0094]
The columnar spacers 701 provided in the pixel region may be provided for all pixels, but may be provided every several to several tens of pixels arranged in a matrix. That is, the ratio of the number of spacers to the total number of pixels constituting the pixel portion is preferably 20 to 100%. In addition, the spacer 702 provided in the driver circuit portion may be provided so as to cover the entire surface, or may be provided by being divided into a plurality according to the position of the source and drain wiring of each TFT as shown in FIG. good. The sealant 879 is formed outside the pixel portion 888 and the scanning signal control circuit 885, the image signal control circuit 886, and other signal processing circuits 887 on the substrate 101 and inside the external input / output terminal 882.
[0095]
The structure of such an active matrix liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to the perspective view of FIG. In FIG. 12, the active matrix substrate includes a pixel portion 888, a scanning signal driving circuit 885, an image signal driving circuit 886, and other signal processing circuits 887 formed on the substrate 101. A pixel TFT 659 and a storage capacitor 660 are provided in the pixel portion 888, and a driver circuit provided around the pixel portion is configured based on a CMOS circuit. The scanning signal driving circuit 885 and the image signal driving circuit 886 are connected to the pixel TFT 659 through a gate wiring 690 and a source wiring 652, respectively. A flexible printed circuit (FPC) 891 is connected to an external input terminal 882 and used to input an image signal or the like. The connection wiring 883 is connected to each drive circuit. Further, although not shown, the counter substrate 704 is provided with a light shielding film and a transparent electrode.
[0096]
The liquid crystal display device having such a structure can be formed using the active matrix substrate shown in Embodiments 1 and 2. When the active matrix substrate shown in Embodiment 1 is used, a reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained. When the active matrix substrate shown in Embodiment 2 is used, a transmissive liquid crystal display device can be obtained.
[0097]
[Example 4]
In this example, an example in which a self-luminous display panel (hereinafter referred to as an EL display device) using an electroluminescence (EL) material is manufactured using the same active matrix substrate as that in Example 1 will be described. . FIG. 15A shows a top view of the EL display panel. In FIG. 15A, reference numeral 10 denotes a substrate, 11 denotes a pixel portion, 12 denotes a source side driver circuit, 13 denotes a gate side driver circuit, and each driver circuit reaches the FPC 17 via wirings 14 to 16 to an external device. Connected.
[0098]
A cross-sectional view corresponding to line AA ′ in FIG. 15A is shown in FIG. At this time, the counter plate 80 is provided at least above the pixel portion, preferably above the driver circuit and the pixel portion. The counter plate 80 is bonded to an active matrix substrate on which a self-luminous layer using a TFT and an EL material is formed with a sealing material 19. A filler (not shown) is mixed in the sealing agent 19, and the two substrates are bonded to each other with a substantially uniform interval. Further, the outside of the sealing material 19 and the upper surface and the periphery of the FPC 17 are sealed with a sealant 81. The sealant 81 is made of a material such as silicone resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, or butyl rubber.
[0099]
Thus, when the active matrix substrate 10 and the counter substrate 80 are bonded together by the sealant 19, a space is formed between them. The space is filled with a filler 83. This filler 83 also has the effect of bonding the opposing plate 80. As the filler 83, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), epoxy resin, silicone resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), or the like can be used. In addition, since the self-luminous layer is weak and easily deteriorated due to moisture including moisture, it is desirable to mix a desiccant such as barium oxide in the filler 83 because the moisture absorption effect can be maintained. In addition, a passivation film 82 formed of a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like is formed over the self-light-emitting layer so that corrosion due to an alkali element or the like contained in the filler 83 is prevented.
[0100]
The counter plate 80 includes a glass plate, an aluminum plate, a stainless steel plate, a FRP (Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastics) plate, a PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) film, a Mylar film (trade name of DuPont), a polyester film, an acrylic film, an acrylic plate, etc. Can be used. Moreover, moisture resistance can also be improved using the sheet | seat of the structure which pinched | interposed several tens micrometer aluminum foil with the PVF film or the mylar film. In this way, the EL element is hermetically sealed from the outside air.
[0101]
In FIG. 15B, a driving circuit TFT (here, a CMOS circuit in which an n-channel TFT and a p-channel TFT are combined is illustrated) 22 and a pixel on the substrate 10 and the base film 21. The part TFT 23 (however, only the TFT for controlling the current to the EL element is shown here) is formed. Among these TFTs, in particular, n-channel TFTs are provided with an LDD region having the structure shown in this embodiment in order to prevent a decrease in on-current due to the hot carrier effect and a decrease in characteristics due to Vth shift and bias stress. .
[0102]
For example, a p-channel TFT 654 and an n-channel TFT 655 shown in FIG. 8C may be used as the driver circuit TFT 22. As the TFT in the pixel portion, depending on the driving voltage, the first n-channel TFT 655 shown in FIG. 8C or a p-channel TFT having a similar structure may be used as long as it is 10 V or more. . The first n-channel TFT 655 has a structure in which an LDD that overlaps the gate electrode is provided on the drain side. However, if the drive voltage is 10 V or less, TFT degradation due to the hot carrier effect can be almost ignored. There is no need to provide it.
[0103]
In order to manufacture an EL display device from the active matrix substrate in the state of FIG. 8C, an interlayer insulating film (planarization film) 26 made of a resin material is formed over the source wiring and the drain wiring, and the pixel portion is formed thereover. A pixel electrode 27 made of a transparent conductive film electrically connected to the drain of the TFT 23 is formed. A compound of indium oxide and tin oxide (called ITO) or a compound of indium oxide and zinc oxide can be used for the transparent conductive film. Then, after the pixel electrode 27 is formed, an insulating film 28 is formed, and an opening is formed on the pixel electrode 27.
[0104]
Next, the self-luminous layer 29 is formed. The self-light emitting layer 29 may have a laminated structure or a single layer structure by freely combining known EL materials (a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer). A known technique may be used to determine the structure. EL materials include low-molecular materials and high-molecular (polymer) materials. When a low molecular material is used, a vapor deposition method is used. When a high molecular material is used, a simple method such as a spin coating method, a printing method, or an ink jet method can be used.
[0105]
The self-luminous layer is formed by a vapor deposition method, an inkjet method, a dispenser method, or the like using a shadow mask. In any case, color display is possible by forming light emitting layers (red light emitting layer, green light emitting layer, and blue light emitting layer) capable of emitting light having different wavelengths for each pixel. In addition, there are a method in which a color conversion layer (CCM) and a color filter are combined, and a method in which a white light emitting layer and a color filter are combined, but either method may be used. Needless to say, an EL display device emitting monochromatic light can also be used.
[0106]
When the self-luminous layer 29 is formed, the cathode 30 is formed thereon. It is desirable to remove moisture and oxygen present at the interface between the cathode 30 and the self-luminous layer 29 as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to devise such that the self-luminous layer 29 and the cathode 30 are continuously formed in a vacuum, or the self-luminous layer 29 is formed in an inert atmosphere and the cathode 30 is formed in a vacuum without being released to the atmosphere. . In this embodiment, the above-described film formation is possible by using a multi-chamber type (cluster tool type) film formation apparatus.
[0107]
In this embodiment, a laminated structure of a LiF (lithium fluoride) film and an Al (aluminum) film is used as the cathode 30. Specifically, a LiF (lithium fluoride) film having a thickness of 1 nm is formed on the self-light-emitting layer 29 by vapor deposition, and an aluminum film having a thickness of 300 nm is formed thereon. Of course, you may use the MgAg electrode which is a well-known cathode material. The cathode 30 is connected to the wiring 16 in a region indicated by 31. The wiring 16 is a power supply line for applying a predetermined voltage to the cathode 30, and is connected to the FPC 17 through an anisotropic conductive paste material 32. A resin layer 80 is further formed on the FPC 17 to increase the adhesive strength of this portion.
[0108]
In order to electrically connect the cathode 30 and the wiring 16 in the region indicated by 31, it is necessary to form contact holes in the interlayer insulating film 26 and the insulating film 28. These may be formed when the interlayer insulating film 26 is etched (when the pixel electrode contact hole is formed) or when the insulating film 28 is etched (when the opening before the self-light emitting layer is formed). Further, when the insulating film 28 is etched, the interlayer insulating film 26 may be etched all at once. In this case, if the interlayer insulating film 26 and the insulating film 28 are the same resin material, the shape of the contact hole can be improved.
[0109]
In addition, the wiring 16 is electrically connected to the FPC 17 through a gap (but sealed with a sealing agent 81) between the sealil 19 and the substrate 10. Although the wiring 16 has been described here, the other wirings 14 and 15 are similarly electrically connected to the FPC 17 through the sealing material 18.
[0110]
Here, a more detailed cross-sectional structure of the pixel portion is shown in FIG. 16, a top structure is shown in FIG. 17A, and a circuit diagram is shown in FIG. In FIG. 16A, a switching TFT 2402 provided over a substrate 2401 is formed with the same structure as the pixel TFT 658 of FIG. The double gate structure has a structure in which two TFTs are substantially connected in series, and there is an advantage that an off-current value can be reduced by forming an LDD provided with an offset region that does not overlap with the gate electrode. . In this embodiment, a double gate structure is used, but a triple gate structure or a multi-gate structure having more gates may be used.
[0111]
Further, the current control TFT 2403 is formed using the first n-channel TFT 655 shown in FIG. This TFT structure is a structure in which an LDD that overlaps with the gate electrode is provided only on the drain side, and has a structure in which the parasitic capacitance between the gate and the drain and the series resistance are reduced to increase the current driving capability. From another point of view, the structure is very important. Since the current control TFT is an element for controlling the amount of current flowing through the EL element, a large amount of current flows, and it is also an element with a high risk of deterioration due to heat or hot carriers. Therefore, by providing an LDD region that partially overlaps the gate electrode in the current control TFT, it is possible to prevent the TFT from being deteriorated and to improve the operation stability. At this time, the drain line 35 of the switching TFT 2402 is electrically connected to the gate electrode 37 of the current control TFT by the wiring 36. A wiring indicated by 38 is a gate line for electrically connecting the gate electrodes 39a and 39b of the switching TFT 2402.
[0112]
In this embodiment, the current control TFT 2403 is illustrated with a single gate structure, but a multi-gate structure in which a plurality of TFTs are connected in series may be used. Further, a structure may be employed in which a plurality of TFTs are connected in parallel to substantially divide the channel formation region into a plurality of portions so that heat can be emitted with high efficiency. Such a structure is effective as a countermeasure against deterioration due to heat.
[0113]
Further, as shown in FIG. 17A, the wiring to be the gate electrode 37 of the current control TFT 2403 overlaps the drain line 40 of the current control TFT 2403 with an insulating film in the region indicated by 2404. At this time, a capacitor is formed in a region indicated by 2404. This capacitor 2404 functions as a capacitor for holding the voltage applied to the gate of the current control TFT 2403. The drain line 40 is connected to a current supply line (power supply line) 2501, and a constant voltage is always applied.
[0114]
A first passivation film 41 is provided on the switching TFT 2402 and the current control TFT 2403, and a planarizing film 42 made of a resin insulating film is formed thereon. It is very important to flatten the step due to the TFT using the flattening film 42. Since the self-luminous layer to be formed later is very thin, a light emission defect may occur due to the presence of a step. Therefore, it is desirable to planarize the pixel electrode before forming the pixel electrode so that the self-luminous layer can be formed as flat as possible.
[0115]
Reference numeral 43 denotes a pixel electrode (EL element cathode) made of a highly reflective conductive film, which is electrically connected to the drain of the current control TFT 2403. As the pixel electrode 43, it is preferable to use a low-resistance conductive film such as an aluminum alloy film, a copper alloy film, or a silver alloy film, or a laminated film thereof. Of course, a laminated structure with another conductive film may be used. Further, the light emitting layer 44 is formed in a groove (corresponding to a pixel) formed by banks 44a and 44b formed of an insulating film (preferably resin). Although only one pixel is shown here, a light emitting layer corresponding to each color of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) may be formed separately. A π-conjugated polymer material is used as the organic EL material for the light emitting layer. Typical polymer materials include polyparaphenylene vinylene (PPV), polyvinyl carbazole (PVK), and polyfluorene. There are various types of PPV organic EL materials. For example, “H. Shenk, H. Becker, O. Gelsen, E. Kluge, W. Kreuder, and H. Spreitzer,“ Polymers for Light Emitting ”. Materials such as those described in “Diodes”, Euro Display, Proceedings, 1999, p. 33-37 ”and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-92576 may be used.
[0116]
As a specific light emitting layer, cyanopolyphenylene vinylene may be used for a light emitting layer that emits red light, polyphenylene vinylene may be used for a light emitting layer that emits green light, and polyphenylene vinylene or polyalkylphenylene may be used for a light emitting layer that emits blue light. The film thickness may be 30 to 150 nm (preferably 40 to 100 nm). However, the above example is an example of an organic EL material that can be used as a light emitting layer, and is not necessarily limited to this. A self-luminous layer (a layer for emitting light and moving carriers therefor) may be formed by freely combining a light-emitting layer, a charge transport layer, or a charge injection layer. For example, in this embodiment, an example in which a polymer material is used as the light emitting layer is shown, but a low molecular weight organic EL material may be used. It is also possible to use an inorganic material such as silicon carbide for the charge transport layer or the charge injection layer. As these organic EL materials and inorganic materials, known materials can be used.
[0117]
In this embodiment, a self-luminous layer having a laminated structure in which a hole injection layer 46 made of PEDOT (polythiophene) or PAni (polyaniline) is provided on the light-emitting layer 45 is used. An anode 47 made of a transparent conductive film is provided on the hole injection layer 46. In the case of the present embodiment, since the light generated in the light emitting layer 45 is emitted toward the upper surface side (upward of the TFT), the anode must be translucent. As the transparent conductive film, a compound of indium oxide and tin oxide or a compound of indium oxide and zinc oxide can be used, but it is possible to form after forming a light-emitting layer or hole injection layer with low heat resistance. What can form into a film at low temperature as much as possible is preferable.
[0118]
When the anode 47 is formed, the self-luminous element 2405 is completed. Note that the EL element 2405 here refers to a capacitor formed by the pixel electrode (cathode) 43, the light emitting layer 45, the hole injection layer 46, and the anode 47. As shown in FIG. 17A, since the pixel electrode 43 substantially matches the area of the pixel, the entire pixel functions as an EL element. Therefore, the use efficiency of light emission is very high, and a bright image display is possible.
[0119]
By the way, in the present embodiment, a second passivation film 48 is further provided on the anode 47. The second passivation film 48 is preferably a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film. This purpose is to cut off the EL element from the outside, and has both the meaning of preventing deterioration due to oxidation of the organic EL material and the meaning of suppressing degassing from the organic EL material. This increases the reliability of the EL display device.
[0120]
As described above, the EL display panel of the present invention has a pixel portion composed of pixels having a structure as shown in FIG. 17, and includes a switching TFT having a sufficiently low off-current value and a current control TFT resistant to hot carrier injection. Have. Therefore, an EL display panel having high reliability and capable of displaying a good image can be obtained.
[0121]
FIG. 16B shows an example in which the structure of the self-luminous layer is inverted. The current control TFT 2601 is formed with the same structure as the p-channel TFT 654 shown in FIG. For the manufacturing process, Example 1 may be referred to. In this embodiment, a transparent conductive film is used as the pixel electrode (anode) 50. Specifically, a conductive film made of a compound of indium oxide and zinc oxide is used. Of course, a conductive film made of a compound of indium oxide and tin oxide may be used.
[0122]
Then, after banks 51a and 51b made of insulating films are formed, a light emitting layer 52 made of polyvinylcarbazole is formed by solution coating. An electron injection layer 53 made of potassium acetylacetonate (denoted as acacK) and a cathode 54 made of an aluminum alloy are formed thereon. In this case, the cathode 54 also functions as a passivation film. Thus, the EL element 2602 is formed. In the case of the present embodiment, the light generated in the light emitting layer 53 is emitted toward the substrate on which the TFT is formed as indicated by an arrow. In the case of the structure as in this embodiment, the current control TFT 2601 is preferably a p-channel TFT.
[0123]
The EL display device shown in this embodiment as described above can be used as a display portion of the electronic apparatus of Embodiment 6.
[0124]
[Example 5]
In this embodiment, an example of a pixel having a structure different from the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 17B is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, 2701 is a source wiring of the switching TFT 2702, 2703 is a gate wiring of the switching TFT 2702, 2704 is a current control TFT, 2705 is a capacitor, 2706 and 2708 are current supply lines, and 2707 is an EL element. .
[0125]
FIG. 18A shows an example in which the current supply line 2706 is shared between two pixels. In other words, the two pixels are formed so as to be symmetrical about the current supply line 2706. In this case, since the number of power supply lines can be reduced, the pixel portion can be further refined.
[0126]
FIG. 18B illustrates an example in which the current supply line 2708 is provided in parallel with the gate wiring 2703. In FIG. 18B, the current supply line 2708 and the gate wiring 2703 are provided so as not to overlap each other. However, if the wirings are formed in different layers, they overlap with each other through an insulating film. It can also be provided. In this case, since the exclusive area can be shared by the power supply line 2708 and the gate wiring 2703, the pixel portion can be further refined.
[0127]
18C, the current supply line 2708 is provided in parallel to the gate wiring 2703, and the two pixels are symmetrical with respect to the current supply line 2708 as in the structure of FIG. 18B. It is characterized in that it is formed. It is also effective to provide the current supply line 2708 so as to overlap any one of the gate wirings 2703. In this case, since the number of power supply lines can be reduced, the pixel portion can be further refined. 18A and 18B, a capacitor 2705 is provided to hold a voltage applied to the gate of the current control TFT 2704. However, the capacitor 2705 can be omitted.
[0128]
Since an n-channel TFT as shown in FIG. 16A is used as the current control TFT 2704, the current control TFT 2704 has an LDD region provided so as to overlap with the gate electrode with the gate insulating film interposed therebetween. A parasitic capacitance generally called a gate capacitance is formed in the overlapping region, but this embodiment is characterized in that this parasitic capacitance is actively used in place of the capacitor 2705. Since the capacitance of the parasitic capacitance changes in the area where the gate electrode and the LDD region overlap, it is determined by the length of the LDD region included in the overlapping region. Similarly, the capacitor 2705 can be omitted in the structures of FIGS. 18A, 18B, and 18C.
[0129]
Note that the circuit structure of the EL display device shown in this embodiment may be selected from the TFT structure shown in Embodiment Mode 1 to form the circuit shown in FIG. In addition, the EL display panel of this embodiment can be used as the display unit of the electronic device of Embodiment 6.
[0130]
[Example 6]
An active matrix substrate in which a pixel portion and a driving circuit manufactured by implementing the present invention are integrally formed on the same substrate is a variety of electro-optical devices (active matrix liquid crystal display devices, active matrix EL display devices, active matrices). Type EC display device). That is, the present invention can be implemented in all electronic devices in which these electro-optical devices are incorporated as display media.
[0131]
As such an electronic device, a video camera, a digital camera, a projector (rear type or front type), a head mounted display (goggles type display) personal computer, a television, a mobile phone, an electronic book, or the like) can be given. Examples of these are shown in FIGS.
[0132]
FIG. 19A illustrates a mobile phone, which includes a main body 9001, an audio output portion 9002, an audio input portion 9003, a display device 9004, operation switches 9005, and an antenna 9006. The present invention can be applied to a display device 9004 including an active matrix substrate.
[0133]
FIG. 19B illustrates a video camera which includes a main body 9101, a display device 9102, an audio input portion 9103, operation switches 9104, a battery 9105, and an image receiving portion 9106. The present invention can be applied to a display device 9102 including an active matrix substrate.
[0134]
FIG. 19C illustrates a mobile computer, which includes a main body 9201, a camera portion 9202, an image receiving portion 9203, operation switches 9204, and a display device 9205. The present invention can be applied to a display device 9205 including an active matrix substrate.
[0135]
FIG. 19D illustrates a goggle type display which includes a main body 9301, a display device 9302, and an arm portion 9303. The present invention can be applied to the display device 9302. Although not shown, it can also be used for other signal control circuits.
[0136]
FIG. 19E illustrates a portable book which includes a main body 9501, a display device 9503, a storage medium 9504, an operation switch 9505, an antenna 9506, data stored on a minidisc (MD) or DVD, and an antenna. The received data is displayed. In the present invention, the display device 9503 can be applied to a direct-view display device.
[0137]
FIG. 20A shows a player using a recording medium (hereinafter referred to as a recording medium) on which a program is recorded, and includes a main body 2401, a display portion 2402, a speaker portion 2403, a recording medium 2404, an operation switch 2405, and the like. This player uses a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), CD, or the like as a recording medium, and can enjoy music, movies, games, and the Internet. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2402 and other signal control circuits.
[0138]
FIG. 20B shows a display, which includes a main body 3101, a support base 3102, a display portion 3103, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 3103.
[0139]
FIG. 20C illustrates a personal computer, which includes a main body 9601, an image input portion 9602, a display device 9603, a keyboard 9604, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the display device 9603.
[0140]
FIG. 21A illustrates a front type projector including a projection device 2601, a screen 2602, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the liquid crystal display device 2808 constituting a part of the projection device 2601 and other signal control circuits.
[0141]
FIG. 21B shows a rear projector, which includes a main body 2701, a projection device 2702, a mirror 2703, a screen 2704, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the liquid crystal display device 2808 constituting a part of the projection device 2702 and other signal control circuits.
[0142]
FIG. 21C is a diagram showing an example of the structure of the projection devices 2601 and 2702 in FIGS. 21A and 21B. The projection devices 2601 and 2702 include a light source optical system 2801, mirrors 2802 and 2804 to 2806, a dichroic mirror 2803, a prism 2807, a liquid crystal display device 2808, a phase difference plate 2809, and a projection optical system 2810. Projection optical system 2810 includes an optical system including a projection lens. Although the present embodiment shows a three-plate type example, it is not particularly limited, and for example, a single-plate type may be used. Further, the practitioner may appropriately provide an optical system such as an optical lens, a film having a polarization function, a film for adjusting a phase difference, or an IR film in the optical path indicated by an arrow in FIG. Good.
[0143]
FIG. 21D illustrates an example of the structure of the light source optical system 2801 in FIG. In this embodiment, the light source optical system 2801 includes a reflector 2811, a light source 2812, lens arrays 2813 and 2814, a polarization conversion element 2815, and a condenser lens 2816. Note that the light source optical system illustrated in FIG. 21D is an example and is not particularly limited. For example, the practitioner may appropriately provide an optical system such as an optical lens, a film having a polarizing function, a film for adjusting a phase difference, or an IR film in the light source optical system.
[0144]
However, the projector shown in FIG. 21 shows a case where a transmissive electro-optical device is used, and an application example in a reflective electro-optical device and an EL display device is not shown.
[0145]
Thus, the applicable range of the present invention is extremely wide and can be applied to electronic devices in all fields. Further, the electronic apparatus of the present embodiment can be realized by using any combination of the first to fifth embodiments.
[0146]
【The invention's effect】
The field effect mobility of a TFT greatly depends on the number of crystal grain boundaries in the channel formation region. In order to improve the field effect mobility, the number of crystal grain boundaries may be reduced. The laser crystallization method of the present invention realizes a large crystal grain size by controlling a temperature change in the crystal growth process by the heat insulating layer. Therefore, by using such a crystalline semiconductor film, the number of crystal grain boundaries existing in the channel formation region can be reduced stochastically. As a result, the field effect mobility of the TFT can be improved, and the performance of a liquid crystal display device or an EL display device manufactured using the TFT can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the concept of a laser crystallization method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the concept of a laser crystallization method using linear laser light.
FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a laser device.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a laser crystallization method of the present invention using an organic silicon oxide film as a heat insulating layer.
5A and 5B illustrate a method for manufacturing an organic-containing silicon oxide film by a liquid phase method.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a pixel TFT and a TFT of a driver circuit.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a pixel TFT and a TFT of a driver circuit.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a pixel TFT and a driver circuit TFT;
FIG. 9 is a top view showing a pixel in a pixel region.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal display device.
FIG. 11 is a top view illustrating the arrangement of input terminals, wiring, circuit arrangement, spacers, and sealant of a liquid crystal display device.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal display device.
13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a pixel of a transmissive liquid crystal display device.
FIG 14 illustrates a structure of a laser device.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of an EL display device. FIGS.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a pixel portion of an EL display device.
FIGS. 17A and 17B are a top view and a circuit diagram of a pixel portion of an EL display device. FIGS.
FIG. 18 is an example of a circuit diagram of a pixel portion of an EL display device.
FIG 19 illustrates an example of a semiconductor device.
FIG 20 illustrates an example of a semiconductor device.
FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of a projector.

Claims (4)

A base insulating film is formed on the insulating surface ,
On the base insulating film, methyl (CH ₃ ) group, ethyl (C ₂ H ₅ ) group, propyl (C ₃ H ₇ ) group, butyl (C ₄ H ₉ ) group, vinyl (C ₂ H ₃ ) group, phenyl Forming a first heat insulating layer using a silicon oxide film containing either a (C ₆ H ₅ ) group or a CF ₃ group ;
Forming a first insulating film on the heat insulating layer ;
A semiconductor film is formed in contact on the first insulating film,
Methyl (CH ₃ ) group, ethyl (C ₂ H ₅ ) group, propyl (C ₃ H ₇ ) group, butyl (C ₄ H ₉ ) group, vinyl (C ₂ H ₃ ) group, phenyl Forming a second heat insulating layer using a silicon oxide film containing either a (C ₆ H ₅ ) group or a CF ₃ group ;
Irradiating a laser beam to crystallize the semiconductor film to form a crystalline semiconductor film ,
A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, wherein a channel formation region is formed using the crystalline semiconductor film. 2. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second heat insulating layers are formed by a vapor phase method or a liquid phase method. 3. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor device is a liquid crystal display device, an EL display device, or an image sensor. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor device is a mobile phone, a video camera, a digital camera, a projector, a goggle type display, a personal computer, a DVD player, an electronic dictionary, or a portable information terminal. Manufacturing method.

Images