JP4435575B2 - NF−κB誘導酵素の誘導体、その製法および使用 - Google Patents
NF−κB誘導酵素の誘導体、その製法および使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Tm=81.5C+16.6(LogM)+0.41(%GC)−0.61(%form)−500/L
式中、Mは一価のカチオンのモル濃度、%GCはDNA中のGおよびCヌクレオチドの割合、%formはハイブリダイゼーション溶液中のホルムアミドの割合、そしてLは塩基対でのハイブリッドの長さである。100%同一なハイブリッドについて計算したTmからTmが1℃低下する毎に、許容されるミスマッチの量が約1%ずつ増加する。したがって、あるハイブリダイゼーション実験のために特定の塩濃度およびホルムアミド濃度で用いられるTmが、マインコスの方程式に従って100%ハイブリッドに対して計算されるTmよりも10度低いと、最高で約10%のミスマッチがあってもハイブリダイゼーションは起きることになる。
酵母でのツーハイブリッドシステム法は、タンパク質−タンパク質相互作用をインビボで検出するために広く用いられており、これを使用してDNA発現ライブラリーをスクリーニングし、NIKと相互作用するタンパク質を見つけ、同定した(詳細については実施例8参照)。リンパ系の発達および機能におけるNIKの極めて重要な役割を示す証拠から、ヒト骨髄ライブラリーを選択した。
酵母のツーハイブリッドシステムにおける2種類の異なる哺乳動物タンパク質間の特異的相互作用の検出は、本来の哺乳動物環境においてタンパク質間に対応する相互作用が存在することを必ずしも示唆していない。したがって、哺乳動物環境におけるNIKとcγcとの相互作用を確認するために、NIKとcγcの免疫共沈降実験を、これらのタンパク質を過剰発現する293−T細胞の溶解物において実施した(詳細については実施例9参照)。
NIKへの結合を担うcγcのドメインを決めるために、cγcの欠失変異体を作製し、それらのNIKへの結合を解析した(図1)。
5' ctcgtcagtgagattgccgcaaaaggaggggcccttg(配列番号:7)
5' caagggcccctccttttgcggcaatctcactgacgag(配列番号:8)
5' gcccctactgggccgccgcatgttacaccctaaag(配列番号:9)
5' ctttagggtgtaacatgcggcggcccagtaggggc(配列番号:10)
5' gtcagtgagattcccccagcaggaggggcccttggggag(配列番号:11)
5' ctccccaagggcccctcctgctgggggaatctcactgac(配列番号:12)
5' ggaggggcccttggggcggggcctggggcctcc(配列番号:13)
5' ggaggccccaggccccgccccaagggcccctcc(配列番号:14)
5' cagcatagcccctacgcggcccccccatgttac(配列番号:15)
5' gtaacatgggggggccgcgtaggggctatgctg(配列番号:16)
NF−κBの活性化を誘導するための実験上の方法の一つは、NIKを過剰発現することによるものである。
前記実施例において、cγcがNIKに結合して、その活性を調節することが明らかにされている。この調節作用の基礎をなすメカニズムとして考えられるのは、cγc/NIK相互作用に際して生じるNIKのリン酸化促進であろう。
リガンドによるLTβレセプターの誘導はNF−κBの活性化をもたらす。文献では、NIKが、LTβレセプターを介するシグナル伝達に関与することが示唆されている。したがって、LTβレセプターが介在するNF−κB活性化に対する、全細胞質cγcポリペプチドまたは41遠位ドメイン(329−369)の過剰発現の効果を試験した。ルシフェラーゼレポーターアッセイによってNF−κBの活性化を測定した(詳細については、実施例10参照)。
一連のNIK欠失変異体とcγcとの相互作用を、酵母ツーハイブリッドシステムを用いて試験することによって、NIK内の結合領域を決定した。NIKの切断型変異体をpGBT9ツーハイブリッド用ベイトベクターにクロニーングし、cγcをpGADT7プレイベクターにクロニーングした。β−galアッセイによって、SFY526異種性酵母株において結合を調べた。
スクリーニングに使用されたツーハイブリッドシステムは、マッチメーカー(Matchmaker)バージョンIII(クローンテック社)であった。このシステムにおいて、ベイト遺伝子(NIK遺伝子)は、GAL4 DNA結合ドメイン(DNA−BD)との融合タンパク質として発現され、一方、プレイ遺伝子またはcDNAライブラリーは、GAL4活性化ドメイン(AD)との融合タンパク質として発現される。DNA−BDとADが近傍に来ると、4種類のレポーター遺伝子(HIS、ADE、lacZおよびα−galをコードする)の転写が活性化される。
トランスフェクションのため、150万個の293−T細胞を10cmプレートに播種した。24時間後、総DNA濃度をプレート当たり20μgに維持しながら、myc標識したNIKとcγcの発現プラスミドにより、リン酸カルシウムを利用した同時トランスフェクション(分子クロニーング(Molecular Cloning)第2版、15.33)を実施した。30時間後、細胞を回収して、1%NP−40細胞溶解バッファー(0.5%NP−40、10mM Tris(pH7.5)、150nM NaCl、1mM EDTA)中で溶解した。免疫沈降は、cγcのC末端またはNIKに対して作製した各抗体(サンタクルス社(Santa Cruz)のウサギポリクローナル抗体)であって、あらかじめプロテインAスパース(sparse)(ウサギポリクローナル)またはプロテインGスパース(マウスモノクローナル)に吸着させておいた抗体とともに16時間インキュベートして実施した。免疫沈降物を細胞溶解バッファーで3回、緩衝食塩水で1回洗浄した。ビーズを40μlのレムリ(Laemmli)サンプルバッファーの中で煮沸し、20μlを10% SDS/PAGEにロードした。タンパク質を、このゲルからPVDF膜にブロットして、抗cγcおよび抗NIKでプローブし、その後、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼを結合したヤギ抗ウサギ抗体で処理した。ルミノール(Luminol)(カタログ番号A8511、シグマ社)を基質に用いた増強化学発光法(Enhanced Chemi Luminiscence:ECL)によってブロットを発色させた。
293−T細胞(6ウェルプレートで1ウェル当たり1.5×105個)を、1ウェル当たり3μgの総DNA量でトランスフェクトした。必要があれば、空のベクターpcDNAをキャリアDNAとして用いた。1μgのpcS3MTNIK、およびNF−κBにより上方制御されるプロモーターであるHIV−LTR(ヒト免疫不全ウイルスの長鎖末端反復配列)による調節下でルシフェラーゼを発現するpcDNA3ベクター 0.5μgにより、実施例9に記載した通りに同時トランスフェクションを実施した。cγcをコードするDNA(pcDNAcγc)をpcDNAに導入し、トランスフェクションの24時間後に、NIK発現ベクターの濃度の10分の1、2分の1、および1分の1の割合で使用し、100μlの抽出バッファー(0.1Mリン酸カリウム、pH7.8、1mM DTT)に細胞を回収し、凍結および融解(液体窒素で1分間。22℃)を繰り返して破砕した。遠心分離(14000rpm、微量遠心、1分間)によって溶解物を予備清澄化(precleared)した。5μlの溶解物のルシフェラーゼ活性を、360μlのバッファー(20mMリン酸カリウム、20mMグリシル−グリシン、8.5μM硫酸マグネシウム、2mM EGTA、1mM DTT、1mM ATP、および5μM D−フリフェリン(カタログ番号L−6882、シグマ社)の中で分析した。
10μgのpcS3MTNIKおよび10μgのpcDNAcγcまたはヒスチジン標識したIKK1(psHISIKK1)で、空のpcDNAをキャリアDNAとして用いて総DNA濃度をプレート当たり20μgに維持しながら、293−T細胞(10cmプレート当たり2×106個)をリン酸カルシウム法によってトランスフェクトした。24時間後、細胞を回収して、1%NP−40細胞溶解バッファー中で破砕し、予めプロテインAセファロースビーズに吸着させてあるウサギ抗NIK抗体によって8時間免疫沈降を行なった。既に記述されているように(Uhlikら、1998)、5μciγ32P−ATPを用いてキナーゼ反応を行なった。
コンビナトリアル化学合成法によって非ペプチド低分子のライブラリーを製造した。コンビナトリアル化学合成法の設計は、当技術分野において周知のものであり、例えばHermkensら、(1996)によって説明されている。NIK、cγc、およびNF−κB誘導型プロモーターの調節下でルシフェラーゼをコードするレポータープラスミド(pcDNA3ルシフェラーゼ)を発現する細胞を、各合成有機化合物に曝露し、実施例4に記載したように、NF−κB活性化を試験する。
NIKとcγcとの相互作用を、哺乳動物細胞環境、すなわち、これらのタンパク質を過剰発現する293−T細胞の溶解物においてに明らかにした(実施例4参照)。これらの内因性タンパク質によって、これらタンパク質を天然に発現する細胞において、以下の実験を行なった。すなわち、末梢血単核細胞(PMBC)(500×106細胞)をIL−2とともにインキュベートして破砕し、抗cγc抗体によって免疫沈降した(免疫沈降については、実施例9参照)。cγcに結合して免疫共沈降したタンパク質を、関連する抗体を用いたウエスタンブロットで検出した。Cγcとの免疫共沈降を試験された候補タンパク質は、NIK、IKKα(IKK1)、IKKβ(IKK2)、IKKγ(NEMO)など、通常、シグナルソームに存在するタンパク質であった。この免疫共沈降したタンパク質を細胞の溶解物中で試験し、0時間目と、IL−2とともに4時間インキュベートした後に調べた。図16Aにまとめた結果は、NIKが、IL−2による刺激を受ける前も後も、cγcにより共沈降されることを示している。したがって、NIKは、cγcと構造的に結合していることが分かった。微量のIKK−1が、基礎レベルで見られ、IL−2とともに4時間インキュベートすると、別のシグナルソーム成分、すなわちIKK−2およびNEMOが、cγcを介してIL−2レセプターに補充された。これらの結果は、IL−2レセプター共通γ鎖が、IKK−1結合領域とは別の位置でNIKに結合していることを示している。同様の結果が、IL−15で細胞を刺激した場合にも得られた(図16A、右図)。
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Claims (4)
- NIKのC末端(624から947番目の残基、配列番号:19)からなるNIKのポリペプチド断片であって、IL−2R共通γ鎖(cγc)結合ドメインを含む断片、またはAlyNIK(配列番号19における237位のGlyがArgで置換されている変異体であり、IL−2R(cγc)に結合できる変異体)を含む、IL−2共通γ鎖(cγc)とNIKとの相互作用調節剤。
- NIK640−720(配列番号:18)を含む、IL−2共通γ鎖(cγc)とNIKとの相互作用調節剤。
- 請求項1または2に定義されるNIKのポリペプチド断片またはAlyNIKに特異的な抗体を含む、IL−2共通γ鎖(cγc)とNIKとの相互作用調節剤。
- NIK、請求項1または2に定義されるNIKのポリペプチド断片またはAlyNIKをコードするDNAのアンチセンスDNAを含む、IL−2共通γ鎖(cγc)とNIKとの相互作用調節剤。
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US8034773B2 (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2011-10-11 | Arizona Biomedical Research Commission | Immunostimulatory compositions and uses thereof |
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US8083789B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2011-12-27 | Trivascular, Inc. | Securement assembly and method for expandable endovascular device |
US8328861B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2012-12-11 | Trivascular, Inc. | Delivery system and method for bifurcated graft |
US8992595B2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2015-03-31 | Trivascular, Inc. | Durable stent graft with tapered struts and stable delivery methods and devices |
US9498363B2 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2016-11-22 | Trivascular, Inc. | Delivery catheter for endovascular device |
JP6234446B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-08 | 2017-11-22 | アルカーメス,インコーポレイテッド | ムチンドメインポリペプチドに連結された活性タンパク質を含む融合ポリペプチド |
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