JP4382873B1 - 酸化チタン粒子 - Google Patents
酸化チタン粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4382873B1 JP4382873B1 JP2009169405A JP2009169405A JP4382873B1 JP 4382873 B1 JP4382873 B1 JP 4382873B1 JP 2009169405 A JP2009169405 A JP 2009169405A JP 2009169405 A JP2009169405 A JP 2009169405A JP 4382873 B1 JP4382873 B1 JP 4382873B1
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- titanium oxide
- oxide particles
- semiconductor
- dye
- titanium
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- SZTSOGYCXBVMMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-1-propylimidazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[NH+]1C=C(C)N=C1C SZTSOGYCXBVMMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFNMUZCFSDMZPQ-GHXNOFRVSA-N 7-[(z)-3-methyl-4-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2h-furan-2-yl)but-2-enoxy]chromen-2-one Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC=1OC/C=C(/C)CC1OC(=O)C(C)=C1 CFNMUZCFSDMZPQ-GHXNOFRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000434 metal complex dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRAXKQYYMORDPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1 CRAXKQYYMORDPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQHVMTVBXWPQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol tetramethylazanium chloride Chemical compound N(CCO)(CCO)CCO.[Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OQHVMTVBXWPQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyacetonitrile Chemical compound COCC#N QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZNHFPFJRZBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCO.CCO.CCO.CCO XGZNHFPFJRZBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BTIJJDXEELBZFS-QDUVMHSLSA-K hemin Chemical compound CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)C(C=C2C(CCC(O)=O)=C(C)\C(N2[Fe](Cl)N23)=C\4)=N\C1=C/C2=C(C)C(C=C)=C3\C=C/1C(C)=C(C=C)C/4=N\1 BTIJJDXEELBZFS-QDUVMHSLSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940025294 hemin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)=O OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FBEVECUEMUUFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC FBEVECUEMUUFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Landscapes
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】チタンアルコキシドの加水分解生成物又はチタン金属塩の加水分解生成物及び有機アルカリ類を所定の溶媒中で混合し、反応溶液を作製する。次いで、前記反応溶液を密閉容器中で加熱し、放射状に伸びた複数の延在部を有するとともに、前記延在部は長さ方向における略中心部において稜を有し、全体として星形を呈する酸化チタン粒子を作製する。
【選択図】なし
Description
放射状に伸びた複数の延在部を有するとともに、前記延在部は長さ方向における略中心部において稜を有し、全体として星形を呈し、アナターゼ相であることを特徴とする、酸化チタン粒子に関する。
チタンアルコキシドの加水分解生成物又はチタン金属塩の加水分解生成物及び有機アルカリ類を所定の溶媒中で混合し、反応溶液を作製する工程と、
前記反応溶液を密閉容器中で加熱する工程とを具え、
放射状に伸びた複数の延在部を有するとともに、前記延在部は長さ方向における略中心部において稜を有し、全体として星形を呈する酸化チタン粒子を作製することを特徴とする、酸化チタン粒子の作製方法に関する。
本発明の酸化チタン粒子は、色素増感型太陽電池の半導体電極材料として用いることができる。
透明電極の上に、通常の半導体粒子からなる層、通常の半導体粒子と本発明によるアナターゼ型の酸化チタン粒子との混合層(1)、通常の半導体粒子と本発明によるアナターゼ型の酸化チタン粒子との混合層(2)を設ける。
まず、通常の半導体粒子層、混合層(1)、混合層(2)を形成するためのペーストを調製する。すなわち、通常の半導体粒子、本発明による酸化チタン粒子、分散剤、および溶剤を混合し、サンドミル等の分散装置を用いて分散させ、分散液を調製する。この際、通常の半導体粒子層形成用ペーストでは、粒子として通常の半導体粒子のみを含有させ、混合層(1)形成用ペーストでは、本発明による酸化チタン粒子を酸化チタン粒子全体(通常の半導体粒子+本発明による酸化チタン粒子)の0.1wt%〜30wt%配合する。また、混合層(2)形成用ペーストでは、本発明による酸化チタン粒子を酸化チタン粒子全体(通常の半導体粒子+本発明による酸化チタン粒子)の30〜100wt%配合する。
[実施例1]
容量1Lのガラス容器に10℃に冷却した純水250mLを入れ、撹拌羽により300rpmで撹拌しながら、高純度化学社製チタンテトライソプロポキシド71gを滴下ロートを用いて滴々投入した。1時間の撹拌後に前記チタンテトライソプロポキシドは加水分解され白色水性懸濁液となった。この白色水性懸濁液をヌッチェと東洋濾紙社製濾紙No2で吸引濾過を行い、続いて純水500mLで洗浄を行い、白色ケーキ状物質を得た。この白色ケーキ状物質、及び東京化成社製テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド26%水溶液1.4gを純水中に添加し、総量で200gとなるようにした。得られた反応溶液はスラリー状となり、pHは10.23であった。反応溶液中のチタン原子濃度は1.25mol/Lであった。
テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドを加えることなく反応溶液を作製した以外は、実施例と同様にして予備加熱処理及び加熱処理を実施して、酸化チタン粒子を作製した。なお、本比較例における前記反応溶液のpHは8.2であった。反応溶液中のチタン原子濃度は1.25mol/Lであった。
テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドに代えて和光純薬社製硝酸1.42を5gを加えた以外は、実施例と同様にして予備加熱処理及び加熱処理を実施して、酸化チタン粒子を作製した。なお、本比較例における前記反応溶液のpHは2.0であった。反応溶液中のチタン原子濃度は1.25mol/Lであった。
上記実施例及び比較例1、2で作製した酸化チタン粒子を分析するために、電子顕微鏡で粒子形状を測定し、粉末X線回折で結晶相の同定を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。実施例においては、星形形状であり、一次粒径が200nm〜350nmであって、各延在部がアナタース単相を呈する双晶の酸化チタン粒子が得られていることが判明した。また、比較例1においては、一次粒径数十nm程度のアナタース単相からなる粒状の酸化チタン粒子が得られていることが判明した。さらに、比較例2においては、一次粒径数十nmのアナタース相及びルチル相が混在した酸化チタン粒子が得られていることが判明した。
上記実施例及び比較例1の酸化チタン粒子、並びに一次粒径20nmの凝集体で平均凝集粒径300nmのアナターゼ単相からなる粒状の酸化チタン粒子(和光純薬社製:比較例3)との光散乱性を調べた。最初に、αテルピネオール(関東化学社製)70gにエチルセルロース45(関東化学社製)5gをホモジナイザーで溶解させビヒクルを作製した。次いで、前記ビヒクルに実施例及び比較例1で得た酸化チタン粒子の25g、及び和光純薬社酸化チタン粒子の25gをホモジナイザーで攪拌しながら添加した。次いで、このようにして得た酸化チタンペーストを3本ロールミルで混練し印刷ペーストとした。
[実施例2]
通常の半導体電極材料として酸化チタン超微粒子(粒径10nm〜20nm)を用い、酸化チタンを30重量%含む分散液を調製した。溶剤は1−p−メンテン−8−オール、分散剤はポリエステル系分散剤を用い、0.1mmビーズを用いたサンドミルで分散させた。この分散液にバインダーとしてエチルセルロースを5重量%添加して通常の半導体電極層用ペーストを得た。
上記実施例2と同様に、色素増感型の太陽電池を作製した。但し、本発明のアナターゼ型酸化チタン粒子の変わりに、一次粒子径が20nmの凝集体で凝集粒径が200nmのアナターゼ単相からなる酸化チタン粒子を用いた。
Claims (5)
- 放射状に伸びた複数の延在部を有するとともに、前記延在部は長さ方向における略中心部において稜を有し、全体として星形を呈し、アナターゼ相であることを特徴とする、酸化チタン粒子。
- 前記複数の延在部はそれぞれ単結晶であって、前記酸化チタン粒子は全体として双晶を呈することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の酸化チタン粒子。
- 前記延在部はアナターゼ単相であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の酸化チタン粒子。
- 一次粒径が100nm以上1000nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一に記載の酸化チタン粒子。
- 透明電極と、色素を担持した半導体層と、電解質層と、対向電極とを具え、前記半導体層は請求項1〜4のいずれか一に記載の酸化チタン粒子を具えることを特徴とする、色素増感型太陽電池。
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