JP4365222B2 - 注射用抗生物質を動物の耳に投与する方法 - Google Patents
注射用抗生物質を動物の耳に投与する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4365222B2 JP4365222B2 JP2003577758A JP2003577758A JP4365222B2 JP 4365222 B2 JP4365222 B2 JP 4365222B2 JP 2003577758 A JP2003577758 A JP 2003577758A JP 2003577758 A JP2003577758 A JP 2003577758A JP 4365222 B2 JP4365222 B2 JP 4365222B2
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Description
発明の分野
本発明は、一般に、ウシ、ブタ、ヒツジおよびヤギのような動物に薬物を投与する方法に関し、さらに詳しくは、本発明は、抗生物質を動物に皮下注射する方法に関する。
関連技術の簡単な記載
多くの抗生物質の注射は、食品生産動物の注射部位に刺激および、潜在的には、不法な薬物残留物を生じさせる。現在のウシのプラクティスは、食用肉に刺激および可能な薬物残留物双方を残す薬物およびワクチンの筋肉内注射から、ウシの死体の表面に望まない出現を移す皮下注射に変えることに指向される。ウシの皮は屠殺で除去されるので、注射部位は潜在的に眼に見え、死体から切り取られる。それがたとえなされなくても、注射は筋肉内になされないので食用肉は損傷しない。それにもかかわらず、皮下注射でもってされ、注射部位の刺激および潜在的には有害な薬物残留物が死体の食用部分、すなわち、死体それ自体の表面に依然として残る。
本発明の目的は、前記した問題の1以上を解決することにある。
従って、本発明の1つの態様は、動物の耳介と頭蓋との接合部にて抗生物質を皮下投与する工程を含み、それを必要とする動物に抗生物質を投与する方法である。
本発明のさらなる態様および利点は、添付の請求の範囲と組み合わせて、以下の詳細な記載をレビューすることにより当業者に明らかであろう。本発明を種々の形態にて具体例を示すが、以下に記載する開示は例示的なものであって、ここに記載する特別な具体例に本発明を限定する意図ないという理解のもとで、本発明の特別な具体例である。
本発明は、動物の耳介と頭蓋との接合部にて抗生物質を皮下注射することを含む、それを必要とする動物に抗生物質を投与する方法に指向される。
本発明による方法においては、動物の耳介と頭蓋との接合部が皮下注射による抗生物質の投与のために選択される。好ましい具体例においては、特に、抗微生物滅菌懸濁液が耳介と頭蓋との接合部で皮下注射され、ここに記載する方法においては、注射部位の(残留物の観点からの)十分な量の耳が屠殺場において除去される。
さらに、本明細書中に開示した方法に従っての、動物の頭蓋と耳介との接合部での特異的な投与は、投与の容易性の追加の利点、特に、(例えば、牧場でロープをかけ、倒した場合に)おもがい、または締めつけ誘導路のごとき拘束メカニズムの使用なくして動物に抗生物質を投与する能力を提供する。
本明細書中に開示する方法に従い、抗生物質は頭蓋と耳介(例えば、耳介軟骨)との接合部に沿ったいずれかの地点、好ましくは、該接合部の背後端半分内に注射される。図1および2は本発明による好ましい投与方法を目に見えるように示したものであり、ここに、接合部は頭蓋と耳介の接合部の背後端部分におけるものである。好ましくは、注射で用いる針は、頭蓋と耳介の接合部の後側1/4から吻側(すなわち、鼻に向けて、図2参照、ガイドライン「A−B」)に向けられる。動物がウシから選択される場合、好ましくは、注射は頸部耳介(浅、中、および深)筋肉に対して後側であり、外耳道に対して腹側にある耳下唾液腺に対して背後側である。
投与に先立ち、締めつけ誘導路でのあご台/頭部安定具、おもがい、または端網のごとき拘束メカニズムを用いて動物の頭部を安定化させる(すなわち、拘束される)。有利には、本明細書中に開示した抗生物質の注射はそのような装置の使用なくして投与を可能とする。かくして、たとえば、家畜ウシを牧場でロープをかけ、倒すことができ、標的注射部位の耳を、針を保持しない手で握って、動物の頭部を安定化させることができ、針を保持する手を用いて、頭蓋と耳介の接合点において針の注入および抗生物質の送達(例えば、排出)を行うことができる。
本明細書中に開示する方法で用いるのに適した1つの抗生物質はセフチオフル結晶遊離酸(CCFA)であり、これは以下の式I:
また、CCFAは、ほぼ同一の位置および到達処理の時間で投与される成長促進ステロイドインプラントと組合せて、到達処理またはBRDの治療において(通常は飼育場滞在において初期)耳介および頭蓋の接合部において皮下投与することもできる。有利には、本明細書中に開示された方法による投与は牧場で行うことができる。
同様の利点および結果が、前記にて十分に記載したごとく、それを必要とする動物へのCCFAおよび他の抗生物質を投与するのに本発明の方法を用いることから予測される。
実施例1−食用組織における残留物減衰
単一注射として6.6mgCE/kgBWの投与量にて、200mgセフチオフル当量/mL処方の濃度で、滅菌16G3/4−インチ(2.5cm)針を用い、CCFA滅菌懸濁液を42Angus交雑種牛肉用6ないし12月齢のウシ(242kgないし342kg)の耳介および頭蓋の接合部に投与した。CCFA−SSの投与から12、24、48、72、96、120および240時間後に、ウシを屠殺用の6匹(雄3匹および雌3匹)の7つの屠殺群にランダムに割り当てた。240時間屠殺群からの薬物投与に先立ち、および薬物投与から12、24、48、72、96、120、144、168および240時間後に、血液試料を得た。剖検に際し、非食用耳組織をルーチン的屠殺用プラクティスを用いて除去し、次いで、除去した非食用組織(「注射部位」組織)に隣接する食用組織を収穫した。非食用組織は耳軟骨および唾液腺組織を含み、それは、「注射部位」組織試料には含めなかった。
理解の明瞭性のためにこれまでの記載を掲げたが、不必要な限定はそれから理解すべきでなく、本発明の範囲内にある修飾は当業者に明らかである。
Claims (19)
- 非ヒト動物の耳介と頭蓋との接合部にて抗生物質を皮下注射する工程を含むことを特徴とする、それを必要とする該動物において細菌感染を治療または予防するのに有効な量の抗生物質を投与する方法。
- 該動物がウシ、ブタ、ヒツジおよびヤギよりなる群から選択される請求項1記載の方法。
- 該注射が該接合部の背後部側半分内である請求項2記載の方法。
- 該動物がウシから選択され、抗生物質を頸部耳介筋の後側であって耳下唾液腺の背後側に注射することを含む請求項2記載の方法。
- 抗生物質が処方されたものである請求項1記載の方法。
- 該処方が滅菌油懸濁液である請求項5記載の方法。
- 該処方の注射容量が約1mlないし約15mlである請求項6記載の方法。
- 該抗生物質が単一のシリンジ針で注射される請求項1記載の方法。
- 該抗生物質がプロカインペニシリン、ベンザチンペニシリン、セフチオフル結晶遊離酸、セフチオフル塩酸塩、アンピシリン三水和物、アモキシシリン三水和物、オキシテトラサイクリン、エリスロマイシン、タイロシン(tylosin)、ティルミコシン(tilmicosin)、フロルフェニコール(florfenicol)、エンロフロキサミン(enrofloxacin)、ダノフロキサシン(danofloxacin)、およびプレマフロキサシン(premafloxacin)よりなる群から選択される請求項1記載の方法。
- 該セフチオフル結晶遊離酸が滅菌油懸濁液におけるものである請求項10記載の方法。
- 細菌感染がウシ呼吸器系病またはブタ呼吸器系病である請求項11記載の方法。
- セフチオフル結晶遊離酸の量が約1.1ないし約8.8mg/kg体重である請求項12記載の方法。
- セフチオフル結晶遊離酸の量が約4.4ないし約6.6mg/kg体重である請求項13記載の方法。
- 非ヒト動物の耳介と頭蓋との接合部に液体形態の抗生物質を皮下注射する工程を含むことを特徴とする、それを必要とする該動物において細菌感染を治療または予防するのに有効な量の抗生物質を投与する方法。
- 該抗生物質が注射溶液または注射懸濁液の形態である請求項15記載の方法。
- 拘束メカニズムを使用することなく非ヒト動物の頭部を安定化させ;次いで、
該動物の耳介と頭蓋との接合部にて抗生物質を皮下注射する;
工程を含むことを特徴とする、それを必要とする該動物において細菌感染を治療または予防するのに有効な量の抗生物質を投与する方法。 - 該安定化工程が、該動物を倒し、次いで、手で該動物の注射部位の耳を握ることを含む請求項17記載の方法。
- 該抗生物質が注射溶液または注射懸濁液の形態である請求項17記載の方法。
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EP1485040A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
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ZA200406501B (en) | 2005-06-21 |
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