JP4327358B2 - Pyrolysis furnace with dust extraction of gas flow output due to pyrolysis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a pyrolytic oven comprising an airtight cavity (50), including an inlet interface for inserting waste in said cavity (50) and an outlet (54) for the gas stream resulting from pyrolysis. A combustion chamber (60) encloses the cavity (50), and a burner (80) has an inlet (84) connected to the cavity outlet (24) and an outlet (86) delivering a fuel gas into the combustion chamber (60). The cavity gas stream outlet (54) comprises at least a discharge duct (GA) comprising one first end connected to the cavity and a second end connected to the burner (80), the duct (GA) being capable of housing a coreless screw (117) for capturing at least part of the solid carbon-containing particles present in the gas stream resulting from pyrolysis and for rotating, under control, so as to send back into the oven cavity the captured particles.

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention particularly relates to the thermal decomposition of municipal and / or industrial waste.
[0002]
The present invention applies generally to the treatment of waste and more particularly household waste. The present invention can also be applied to the treatment of tires, sewage equipment sludge, plastics, paper factory waste, plastics, scrap car waste, solid industrial waste, biomass, contaminated soil, and the like.
[0003]
[Prior art]
Several waste pyrolysis facilities are already known.
[0004]
For example, in French Patent Nos. 654 112, 679 009, and 678 850, a waste pyrolysis furnace (oven) includes a generally cylindrical hermetic cavity rotating about a longitudinal axis, An input interface for introducing an object into the cavity and a gas flow output. An envelope surrounds the cavity. The burner has an input connected to the output of the cavity and an output for supplying combustion gas to the cover.
[0005]
In practice, the increase in the temperature of the cavity obtained from the combustion stream circulating in the envelope surrounding the cavity allows the waste contained in the cavity to be decomposed into solid carbon-containing material.
[0006]
Because the pollutants are processed before using carbon-containing solid material obtained from pyrolysis (generally burning), pyrolysis even when the original contents of the waste have changed significantly in terms of pollutants It is relatively easy to neutralize pollutants.
[0007]
Therefore, for heterogeneous waste, pyrolysis is more appropriate than incineration where the contaminants are treated after waste combustion.
[0008]
The pyrolysis reaction is generated at a temperature between 450 ° C. and 600 ° C. in a furnace (oven) sealed to air. The selection of this temperature depends on the nature of the waste to be treated. Reactions to these temperatures (cracking) produce gas and carbon-containing solids. In order to avoid stress on the rotary furnace seal, the reaction is carried out without pressure.
[0009]
This lack of pressure results in a slow output of the synthesis gas produced by the reaction. Despite this, and due to the small particle size and low density, the carbon-containing solid particles are carried by the gas.
[0010]
At the output of the furnace, the gas obtained from the pyrolysis is sent to the piping and directed towards the burner. This ensures the occurrence of gas combustion.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Gradually, carbon-containing solid particles are first deposited on the periphery of the discharge conduit until the released cross section of the discharge conduit is gradually reduced and finally completely closed, causing a fuel supply stop to the burner. .
[0012]
The present invention provides a solution to this problem.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention particularly relates to a pyrolysis furnace for municipal waste and / or industrial waste, comprising an airtight cavity, a combustion chamber surrounding the airtight cavity, and at least one burner, and the airtight cavity is disposed inside. An intake interface for inserting objects and a gas outlet obtained from pyrolysis, wherein the at least one burner is connected to the gas flow output of the cavity and supplies combustion gas to the combustion chamber With possible output.
[0014]
According to a general form of the invention, the gas flow output of the cavity comprises at least one discharge conduit comprising a first end connected to the cavity and a second end connected to the burner. The discharge conduit is capable of accommodating a coreless screw, is capable of recovering at least a portion of the solid carbon-containing particles present in the gas stream resulting from the pyrolysis, and wherein the recovered particles are It can be rotated under control to return into the furnace cavity.
[0015]
The coreless screw first performs the recovery of the solid carbon-containing particles and then cleans the discharge conduit by returning the particles thus recovered, for example, to the furnace cavity in a programmed period. Guarantee.
[0016]
The coreless screw has a helical thread, the width and pitch of which are selected according to the average discharge rate of the gas stream obtained from the pyrolysis, and at least some of the particles present in the gas stream To stop the flow.
[0017]
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the gas flow output from the cavity has first and second discharge conduits, each discharge conduit comprising first and second ends, each first end being Connected to the cavity, each second end is connected to a common node, its output is connected to the burner of the combustion chamber, and each discharge conduit extracts the dust from the associated conduit under control When the shutter of one of the conduits for extracting dust is closed, the shutter of the other conduit is opened to discharge the pyrolysis gas. Yes.
[0018]
In practice, the shutters are closed alternately. Thus, when one of the discharge conduits is in use, the other shutter is closed to allow a cleaning sequence that essentially cleans this conduit.
[0019]
The object of the invention is also a furnace, an improved introduction of waste into its cavity.
[0020]
According to a further feature of the pyrolysis furnace, the waste introduction means can receive the waste to be treated, compress it, fill the input interface of the cavity and prevent air from entering the cavity Wherein the input interface of the cavity has at least one first and second input, and the waste introduction means is connected to the first and second inputs of the cavity, respectively. Means for forming a compressor for compressing the waste and forcing it into the first and second introduction channels, while maintaining the imperviousness of the cavity. And control means capable of zigzag controlling the compression and filling of the waste into the first and second inputs.
[0021]
Conveniently, the zigzag control of waste compression and filling within the two inputs of the cavity reduces the effect of dead time on return of the introduction means, thereby making the waste continuous into the cavity continuous. Accept the introduction and, as a result, increase in the throughput of the treated waste.
[0022]
This type of device also has the advantage of increasing the throughput of the treated waste without increasing the diameter of the inlet channel and without creating an air intake into the cavity.
[0023]
By introducing waste in a continuous manner, it is possible to supply a constant throughput of gas to the burner, which prevents the successive degassing of the waste.
[0024]
Very advantageously, the two inlet channels are interconnected by an air vent channel to further improve the imperviousness of waste introduction into the cavity.
[0025]
According to another feature of the invention, each inlet channel has a first and a second end, the first end being connected to the input associated with the cavity, and the cavity during control. A drop shutter that closes the input, and the second end houses a push-in mechanism that can be placed in two directions in the introduction channel during control, and passes the waste to the associated drop shutter. The control means can control the displacement of the push-in mechanism and the opening / closing of the drop shutter.
[0026]
Conveniently, the top of each introduction channel has a trap door for receiving the waste.
[0027]
In practice, each introduction channel is a substantially parallelepiped and is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavity.
[0028]
The present invention also relates to a pyrolysis cavity, the pyrolysis furnace further comprising a recovery unit for the solid carbon-containing material obtained from the pyrolysis cavity, the recovery unit having a discharge channel forming a suction / sealing. The discharge channel comprises a container connected to the cavity and a recovery mechanism capable of directing the solid carbon-containing material thus accumulated towards the separation and cleaning unit, at the root of the container The solid carbon-containing material is gathered in the form of a stopper that prevents air penetration
Conveniently, the separation and washing unit associated with the recovery unit, in particular to supply a mixture of water and solid carbon-containing material (KK) and to be able to promote the heating value of the mixture, A perforated cylindrical container which is rotatable in the pouring and washing container.
[0029]
Conveniently, the separation and washing unit is connected to the water treatment means, the water treatment means being connected to each other, a plurality of different decantation and washing containers, each of which is differently reduced, a contamination meter and a water level. A cleaning liquid is discharged from a container having a pump and a solenoid valve controlled by a contactor and having a concentration greater than a predetermined threshold to the previous container, and the water level of the cleaning liquid in the decantation and washing container is By supplying a thin cleaning solution of the container to the decantation and washing container.
[0030]
Furthermore, the object of the present invention includes the use of the solid carbon-containing material thus obtained in a glass making furnace by means of a pyrolysis furnace of the type described above.
[0031]
Other features and advantages of the apparatus will become apparent from the following detailed description and drawings.
[0032]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The drawings are equivalent to elements of a kind that can assist in understanding the invention, and define the latter when applicable.
[0033]
With reference to FIG. 1, the waste pyrolysis apparatus generally has a unit REC for receiving and crushing waste, a drying unit SEC, a pyrolysis unit THE, and recovery of solid carbon-containing material obtained from the pyrolysis unit. Consists of units for REP and cleaning LAV.
[0034]
The receiving unit REC has a pit (indentation) 2 in which the waste to be processed, for example carried by a truck 4, is discarded. Conveniently, the waste is crushed (crushed) to reduce the volume to be treated to a uniform size. For example, the overhead crane 6 collects the waste contained in the pit 2 in order to put the waste into the crusher 8. The mesh size of the crusher 8 is, for example, 100 to 150 mm in order to assist heat transfer and heat exchange in the pyrolysis method described in more detail later.
[0035]
Conveniently, large waste (metal bars, pipes) is removed at 10. The crushing waste obtained from the crusher 8 is discarded into the pit 12. The conveyor belt 14 carries the crushed product 12 towards the drying unit SEC.
[0036]
The pit 12 acts as a shock absorber between the crusher 8 and the conveyor belt 14 in order to increase the NCV (net calorific value). The shock absorber ensures a constant supply to the tumble dryer 20, and the purpose of the shock absorber is to discharge a substantial portion of the water vapor contained in the product to be processed. In practice, the waste can be magnetically classified to remove ferrous metal 16 before entering the dryer. This magnetic classification is performed after pyrolysis.
[0037]
It should be noted that this drying step can be removed when processing dry industrial products, at which time the waste enters the pyrolysis furnace hopper directly. The hopper is described below.
[0038]
The waste is dried in the rotating container 22 by being contacted with a flow of hot air 24 obtained from the receiving unit REC. The hot air 24 is heated by passing through the gas / gas type heat exchanger 30. The heat exchanger heating stream 32 is obtained from the pyrolysis unit THE.
[0039]
The receiving pit 2 is partially placed under vacuum to prevent the transmission of dust and unpleasant odors when the door is opened while the truck 4 is being unloaded.
[0040]
Conveniently, a shredder (not shown) for the plastic bag is provided in front of the inlet of the rotary dryer 20.
[0041]
Next, the dried product and the water vapor filled with the gas obtained by drying are separated by a separator (cyclonic container) 40 that can separate the solid product from the gaseous product.
[0042]
The separation unit 40 has an input 42 for receiving waste obtained from the drying unit SEC, a first output 44 for supplying solid waste, and a second output 46 for supplying gaseous waste.
[0043]
The pyrolysis unit THE has a pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis furnace includes a cylindrical hermetic cavity 50 and preferably rotates about a longitudinal axis. The pyrolysis furnace further includes a container 60 surrounding the cavity 50.
[0044]
The waste introduction means 70 is obtained from the output 44 of the separation unit 40 and receives the waste to be processed. The waste thus received is then compressed and packed into the cavity in a compressed state while air does not enter the cavity.
[0045]
The pyrolysis furnace surrounds the cavity 50 with a first input 82 that receives the gaseous waste 85 obtained from the output 46 of the separator 40, a second input 84 that receives the gas flow obtained from the output 54 of the cavity 50. Heated by at least one burner 80 with an output 86 that supplies a flow of combustion gas to the vessel 60. This gas flow is referred to as a combustion gas flow because it is designed to bring the waste introduced into the cavity 50 to a selected predetermined temperature in order to perform pyrolysis of the waste.
[0046]
Conveniently, the gas stream obtained from the drying process 85 and the pyrolysis process 54 is used as the burner fuel 80, allowing it to function in a substantially self-heating manner.
[0047]
The apparatus is completed by a gas / gas heat exchanger 90, and this heat exchanger installed in the second unit has a heated flow, which flows from the second output 46 of the separation unit 40 to the burner. Going to the first input 82, in the primary unit is the heating flow obtained from the output 66 of the double vessel 60 of the pyrolysis furnace THE.
[0048]
Conveniently, the combustion chamber with the burner 80 is advantageously equipped with a refractory. For example, burner 80 is low NO _x It is possible to ensure a flame temperature of 1500 ° C. and a temperature at an output 86 of 1000 ° C. to 1100 ° C.
[0049]
The device according to the invention is dioxin, NO _x Note that all contamination due to aromatics is removed.
[0050]
The gas mixture obtained from the pyrolysis 54 held at a temperature higher than 300 ° C. (to prevent hydrocarbon condensation), because of its construction, does not contain any pollutants (agents). Pretreatment and combustion is possible in the burner 80.
[0051]
In practice, only mercury that is vaporized during drying requires a recovery system. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the collection system 550 is installed before the discharge (discharge) 560 is performed outward. This system 550 has, for example, an activated carbon device (mercury particles are attached).
[0052]
Applicant intends to further improve the apparatus described with respect to FIG. 1, and more particularly to improve waste disposal capabilities, particularly with respect to waste introduction into the cavity.
[0053]
2A-2D according to the present invention and with reference to FIG. 3, the cavity 50 has first and second inputs 51, 53 for waste.
[0054]
Waste introduction means 70 has introduction channels 72 and 74 connected to hollow inputs 52 and 53, respectively.
[0055]
One channel 72 includes ends 71 and 75, and the other channel 74 includes ends 73 and 77. End 71 is connected to hollow input 51. End 73 is connected to input 53. The drop shutter 76 housed in the channel 72 is closed under the input 51 control of the cavity. The drop shutter 78 housed in the channel 74 is closed under the input 53 control of the cavity. Each channel can be displaced under control in two directions within the cooperating channel, thrust mechanisms 79, 81 (e.g., thrust mechanisms) to apply thrust to the waste toward a drop shutter that closes the cooperating input of the cavity. (Piston type or jack type).
[0056]
A control means (not shown) is used to displace the thrust mechanism and to open / close the drop shutter of each introduction channel in order to allow introduction of the compacted impervious small piece into the cavity. Can be controlled.
[0057]
In practice, the upper portion of each inlet channel has trap (stop) doors 85, 87 disposed opposite the hopper 83 for receiving waste.
[0058]
In addition, each inlet channel has jacks 89, 91 perpendicular to the jacks 79, 81 to help consolidate the waste into impervious pieces.
[0059]
In practice, each inlet channel is a substantially parallelepiped and is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavity.
[0060]
The waste path to be processed in the receiving hopper 83 includes, for example, a first one-way conveyor 95 that drops the waste onto the second two-way conveyor 97. The second bi-directional conveyor is arranged to drop the waste into the respective trap doors 85, 87 of the introduction channel.
[0061]
In order to further improve the imperviousness of waste introduction into the cavity, the two introduction channels are connected to each other by a channel 88 that may allow air to pass through.
[0062]
With respect to FIG. 3, piston 81 is in the front position, while piston 79 is in the rear position. Waste 96 is not handled (not consolidated) when the piston is in the rear position, but is compressed when the piston is in the front position. Applicants have also mentioned the problem of removing particulates accumulated in the gas discharge conduit resulting from pyrolysis.
[0063]
4-6, the dust extraction device is designed to be housed in a gas flow discharge conduit obtained from pyrolysis.
[0064]
The dust extraction device has a coreless screw 117 inserted into the gas flow discharge conduit GA. The outer diameter of the screw is approximately equal to the inner diameter of the conduit, leaving a slight play of a few millimeters. For example, a 4 mm play added to the total is quite appropriate to be consistent with a 20 cm diameter conduit. The coreless screw 117 has a spiral shape with a certain pitch, and is originally composed of a flat bar having a rectangular cross section. The largest dimension part of the cross section of the flat bar forms an angle of 90 ° with the internal busbar of the discharge conduit.
[0065]
The coreless screw 117 occupies an annular space, and the central portion of the conduit GA is left free. The thread width and screw pitch are calculated according to a qualitative analysis of the composition of dust and gas flow to be recovered.
[0066]
Conveniently, the coreless screw is reinforced longitudinally, particularly in the vicinity of the drive motor MO, to prevent twisting as the screw rotates.
[0067]
The helical geometry of the screw induces tangential flow with rotation about the axis in the discharge conduit. In the central part, which is free space, the dust extractor's geometry is not forced to cause the gas to acquire a tangential flow. This flow configuration is stable and forms an established flow configuration. Shear stress (peripheral interlayer friction) depends on the volume mass of the fluid and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid itself. The established helical flow causes the release of dust under the influence of centrifugal force. These particles are trapped (blocked) by a screw 117 forming a dust extractor. The efficiency of the dust extractor depends on the particle grade (class) according to the curve shown in FIG.
[0068]
The advantage of the dust extraction device according to the invention is that it stops the flow of dust with a particle size larger than 2μ in terms of efficiency. The flow of dust smaller than 2μ is negligible and does not affect the function of the device downstream from the screw in the direction of gas flow propagation resulting from pyrolysis.
[0069]
In order to avoid degradation of the function of the apparatus, the dust extraction apparatus is installed twice. The first discharge conduit is attached to the rear box 49 of the furnace to ensure a gas flow. When the trapping action reaches its standard value, the spiral screw occupying the inside of the discharge conduit is automatically or manually controlled so that the dust flowed in the furnace F <b> 2 is opposite to the gas propagation direction F <b> 1. In order to return to the state, it is rotated by an untraining (rolling, moving) mechanism MO. This operation is preceded by the closing of the pipe by a motorized shutter. Control of these two operations can be automated by making these operations dependent on a differential pressure switch that measures the variation in load loss after dust extraction.
[0070]
In order to avoid disruption of device function, the start of the sweeping operation in the first discharge conduit is by placing the second discharge conduit in a supply facility parallel to the first discharge conduit and providing a second discharge conduit. It is preceded by commanding the opening and closing of the automated shutter. Next, a series of actions to prevent dust flow are established in the second conduit until a standard value is reached at which the same new sweeping action as before is reached.
[0071]
By this means and the alternating transfer from one discharge conduit to the other, a continuous function can be obtained without greatly changing the gas flow obtained from the pyrolysis.
[0072]
This highly efficient device for extracting dust from low flow gas allows the dust extraction to be kept between 98% and 99%. Only aerosols with a size of 2 μm or less (atomaceous matter) can escape recovery (FIG. 7).
[0073]
4 and 5, according to the present invention, the gas output 54 of the cavity 50 connected to the input 84 of the burner 80 has been altered. According to the present invention, this output 54 has at least two discharge conduits 102,104.
[0074]
One discharge conduit 102 includes ends 103 and 105, and the other discharge conduit 104 includes ends 107 and 109. The end portions 103 and 107 are connected to a fixed portion (front end surface) of the rear box 49 of the furnace 50 containing the solid carbon-containing material MSC obtained from pyrolysis. The ends 105 and 109 are connected to the common node 110, and its output 112 is connected to the input 84 of the burner 80.
[0075]
In FIG. 6, the ends 103 and 107 of the conduit GA are connected to the upper part (top surface) of the rear box 49 of the furnace.
[0076]
Each discharge conduit has a shutter 114 and an individual conduit dust extraction mechanism 116. During the dust extraction from the dust-extracted conduit, the shutter of the other conduit is placed in the open position to expel pyrolysis gas while the shutter 114 of the dust medium conduit is placed in the closed position. ing.
[0077]
In FIG. 5, the dust extractor mechanism 116 has a coreless screw 117 housed inside the conduit.
[0078]
As a modification, the dust extraction mechanism has a neutral gas blowing mechanism or a mechanism that causes an impact by vibration to a conduit from which dust is to be extracted.
[0079]
Thus, the present invention has two gas outputs and two systems for dust separation, one for each discharge conduit.
[0080]
In practice, when the load loss caused by accumulated dust increases beyond a certain limit displayed on a control pressure switch (not shown), a motorized shutter is enabled to allow discharge in the second conduit. 114 is activated. In this case, therefore, cleaning of the dirty discharge conduit can be carried out automatically by rotating the screw 117.
[0081]
The length of the horizontal pipe is several meters, for example 6 m, and the length of the coreless screw is several meters, for example 3 m.
[0082]
The coreless screw creates a spiral spiral flow and acts as a centrifuge. In addition, the spiral flow generated by the screw is maintained in an important part of the straight section of the screw pipe in which it acts as a centrifuge, even though no screw is present in that section. continue. As a result, the overall efficiency of the dust extractor is hardly affected by the area in which the screw is present. Thus, in the most probable hypothesis, the existing range of screws along the length of the tubing should only be useful for recovering all particles with a size between 1.5μ and 2.5μ. is there. Particles of this size represent only 2% of the total mass of charged particles (FIG. 7). Furthermore, the majority of these particles can be recovered by a swirl that is maintained along a straight section downstream from the screw.
[0083]
The radius of the discharge conduit corresponds to 0.1 m and the screw pitch can be about 0.06 m. Alternatively, if the waste capacity is even higher, the radius of the discharge conduit may be 0.185 m and the pitch may be 0.12 m.
[0084]
In FIG. 8, the thermal decomposition apparatus has a unit REP for recovering the solid carbon-containing material MSC obtained from the cavity 50 after the thermal decomposition of the waste is performed.
[0085]
According to the invention, the recovery unit REP has a discharge channel 200 forming a siphon / seal (siphon / seal) and is connected to a fixed part at the base of the output of the furnace (oven) 49.
[0086]
The discharge channel 200 has a container 202 inclined from the root, at which the solid carbon-containing substance MSC accumulates in the form of a stopper that is impermeable to air.
[0087]
The recovery mechanism 204 (e.g. screw type) is a solid carbon accumulated from the root towards the separation SP and another unit for washing to separate the mixture KK of water and solid carbon containing material from the inert material IN. Lead material MSC.
[0088]
Conveniently, the discharge channel 200 has a perforated drum (a perforated cylindrical container) 206 that can rotate within a decantation container 208. The container output 210 is connected to a waste treatment unit LAV which will be described in detail below.
[0089]
This output 210 provides a mixture KK of water and solid carbon-containing material, which will be described later, for the enhancement of the calorific value.
[0090]
The root fixture at the output of the furnace 49 (FIGS. 4, 5 and 8) is activated by hydraulic oil, air or a mechanical jack that ensures the tightness of the furnace at the product output MSC. For example, it has two bulb / drop shutters.
[0091]
Referring again to FIG. 1, according to the present invention, the solid material MSC output from the pyrolysis unit THE is washed and within the device REP described with reference to FIG. Separated into a mixture KK of water and solid carbon containing material. The mixture KK of water and solid carbon-containing material obtained from output 210 is collected in a series of containers 300. The substance KK is washed to remove contaminants attached to the carbon particles in the form of chloride or sulfate from these substances.
[0092]
The fine carbon particles are decanted (washed gently) and washed (washed) and then transported toward the belt-type dryer 402 by the peristaltic pump 400 using a moist medium. In this way, most of the water contained in the solid carbon-containing material KK obtained from pyrolysis is removed. The drop 404 from the belt-type dryer 402 is then returned toward the carbon-containing solid cleaning chain.
[0093]
The carbon portion PC is led toward a micron dryer (dryer) 500 to which the gas 510 obtained from the heat exchangers 90 and 30 is automatically supplied. The solid carbon-containing material KK is stored 600 and transported 602 to the selected location of use.
[0094]
The carbon-containing solid wash water is treated, for example, by mechanical vapor compression that functions as follows.
[0095]
The water obtained from the primary cleaning vessel 302 is directed towards the evaporator 304 when the dissolved salt concentration reaches a standard value. The temperature of the water is maintained by the permanent water circuit of the primary vessel, which is heated by the flow of carbon-containing solid KK obtained from the pyrolysis furnace.
[0096]
A pump and a solenoid valve controlled by a contamination meter and water level contactor are equipped to discharge a higher concentration of container cleaning solution than that of the previous container, whereas a lower concentration of cleaning solution in the next container By feeding it, the level (water level) of the cleaning solution in the container is kept constant.
[0097]
Water vapor present in the evaporator 304 is continuously extracted by the compressor 306 and directed toward the condenser 308. The temperature of the condenser 308 is permanently maintained below the dew point of water vapor at the set pressure of the condenser by circulating water from the final flush container 305. The condensate to be recovered is periodically recirculated towards a final flush container 305 having a concentration lower than that of the previous container.
[0098]
Salt and / or salt water 310 is periodically extracted from the evaporator 304. Extraction is carried out by gravity through a lock chamber in the case of salt water, or by a screw provided in the lock chamber in the case of crystallized salt.
[0099]
One advantage of the present invention is that the water produced by the system is recycled after treatment, either after the dryer or after condensation by evaporation, so that no water 320 is consumed. That is. Therefore, there is an excess of water used in the process and decompression is necessary. Since this operation is performed after the water has been treated, the water released to the network is not contaminated.
[0100]
The solid carbon-containing material KK obtained from the pyrolysis thus treated and dried becomes a recoverable fuel, and its calorific value can be enhanced. These solid carbon-containing materials can be stored, for example, in a molten igniter cyclone furnace that vitrifies the scum and allows the heavy metals contained in the carbon or fluidized beds to flow out. It can be transported to various types of use places.
[0101]
Other uses for the present invention are envisioned. This is the use of a solid carbon-containing material in a glass making furnace, in which the product is a glass of flaming part that allows for substantial two functions: furnace heating and ceramic making. It is advantageous in forming.
[0102]
The quality of the product obtained (gaseous and solid carbon containing material or coke) depends substantially on the choice of control / command means and the location of said means in the pyrolysis chain.
[0103]
The elements of these control / command means are as follows (in the case of a combustion chamber):
High temperature sensor in combustion gas (l100 ° C);
Pressure sensor in the combustion gas pipe;
A transmitter that displays the pressure of the combustion gas;
Combustion gas sampler;
An oxygen analyzer connected to the combustion gas sampler;
Contactor for extreme low temperatures (eg less than 850 ° C.) in the combustion gas to activate a safety sequence corresponding to the release of an external fuel source to the burner to keep the combustion at a level eg 850 ° C. ;
Contactor for extreme high temperatures (eg, over 1250 ° C.) in the combustion gas that initiates a safety sequence consisting of shutting down pyrolysis furnace waste. This safety sequence also accommodates shutting off the external fuel supply to the burner and opening the air pipe to cool the gas;
A transmitter arranged at the output of the heat exchangers 90 and 30 and displaying the pressure acting on the speed regulator of the downstream fan 31;
Rotational speed adjuster for upstream fan 31.
[0104]
The elements of the pyrolysis furnace functional control / command unit are as follows:
Sensor for surface temperature of the rotating cylinder (this temperature should not exceed 700 ° C);
It is an alarm for extremely high surface temperature of the rotating cylinder and activates the safety process.
[0105]
For example, the following steps characterize a safety process:
Stopping the waste supply to the furnace;
Stopping the supply of external fuel to the burner;
Opening the air input bypass for haze cooling;
Stopping the unit if the normal functional state is not re-established.
[0106]
Similarly, in the adjustment equipment, three cylinder surface temperature sensors arranged in various sections of the cylinder, a temperature sensor for fumes output from the furnace, a temperature sensor for the solid carbon-containing substance at the output of the furnace, and the pressure in the furnace Sensor.
[0107]
Thermal decomposition makes it possible to avoid the use of heavy equipment for treating fumes. It is very advantageous compared to incineration in terms of simplicity of implementation and savings that allow the device to be compared to other devices with the same capabilities.
[0108]
The dust extraction system (coreless screw) according to the present invention can be applied to any pipe for transporting gas with solid particles. Coreless screws are mainly applied when the transfer speed is low (less than 8 m / s) and / or when the gas temperature is high.
[0109]
For example, the standard is:
Combustion smoke pipe;
A pipe that discharges air to transfer the assembly;
Pipe for small coal transfer.
[0110]
The use of a dust extraction system can be envisaged as an exchange or addition upstream from a conventional filtering system (ballistic filter, bag filter, cyclone, etc.).
[0111]
The present invention is also applicable to applications other than pyrolysis of municipal / industrial waste, such as biomass or resorption of contaminated land.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a thermal decomposition apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a dual input unit according to the present invention and for waste introduction.
FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a dual input unit according to the present invention and for waste introduction.
FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of a dual input unit according to the present invention and for waste introduction.
2D is a schematic diagram of a dual input unit according to the present invention and for waste introduction. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of two channels for introducing waste according to the present invention as seen from below.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a dual output according to the present invention and for pyrolysis gas.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the dual gas output described with respect to FIG.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a storage coreless screw in a discharge conduit according to the present invention and for gas flow obtained from pyrolysis.
FIG. 7 shows a curve representing the efficiency of the dust extractor according to the invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a solid carbon-containing material recovery and separation unit obtained from a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 pits
4 tracks
6 Overhead crane
8 Crusher
12 Shredded products
14 Conveyor belt
16 Iron metal
20 Rotary dryer
22 Rotary container
24 Hot air
30 heat exchanger
31 fans
32 Heating flow
40 separator
42 inputs
44 1st output
46 2nd input
49 Rear box
50 Airtight cavity
51 1st input
53 2nd input
54 Gas output
60 Combustion chamber (container)
66 outputs
70 Waste introduction means
71 1st end
72 Introduction channels
73 First end
74 Introduction channels
76 Shutter
78 Shutter
79 Thrust mechanism (piston)
80 burner
81 Thrust mechanism (piston)
82 1st input
83 Hopper
84 Second input
85 trap door
86 outputs
87 Trap door
89 Jack
91 Jack
96 Waste
102 Discharge conduit
103 edge
104 Discharge conduit
105 edge
107 end
109 edge
114 Shutter
116 Individual conduit dust extraction mechanism
117 coreless screw
300 containers
302 Primary cleaning container
304 Evaporator
305 Final cleaning container
306 Compressor
308 Condenser
310 salt or salt water
400 pumps
402 dryer
404 Drops
500 micron dryer
510 gas
550 collection system
560 Discharge (release)
600 storage
602 Transportation

Claims (11)

An airtight cavity (50), a combustion chamber (60) surrounding the airtight cavity (50), and at least one burner (80),
Said hermetic cavity has an intake interface for inserting waste therein, and a gas flow output (54) obtained from pyrolysis;
At least one burner (80) has an input (84) connected to the output (54) of the cavity and an output (86) capable of supplying combustion gas to the combustion chamber (60);
The gas flow output of the cavity (50) has at least one discharge conduit (GA) with a first end connected to the cavity and a second end connected to the burner (80). A pyrolysis furnace for municipal waste and / or industrial waste,
The discharge conduit (GA) contains a coreless screw (117) for recovering at least a portion of the solid carbon-containing particles present in the gas stream obtained from the pyrolysis, and the recovered particles Can be rotated under control to return into the furnace cavity;
And a solid carbon-containing substance (MSC) recovery unit (REP) obtained from the pyrolysis cavity,
The pyrolysis furnace characterized in that the recovery unit (REP) has a discharge channel (200) forming a suction / sealing and is connected to the root of the output of the furnace. The pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1,
The coreless screw has a helical thread, the width and pitch of which are selected according to the average discharge rate of the gas stream obtained from the pyrolysis, and at least some of the particles present in the gas stream A pyrolysis furnace characterized by stopping the flow of water. In the pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 or 2,
The gas flow output from the cavity (50) has first and second discharge conduits (102, 104), each discharge conduit comprising first and second ends;
Each first end is connected to the cavity, each second end is connected to a common node (110),
The output is connected to the burner (80) of the combustion chamber;
Each discharge conduit has a shutter (114) and a coreless screw (116) that allow extraction of dust from the associated conduit under control,
When the shutter (114) of one of the conduits for extracting the dust is closed, the shutter (114) of the other conduit is opened to discharge the pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis furnace. In the pyrolysis furnace according to claim 3,
The pyrolysis furnace, wherein the shutters (114) are alternately closed. In the thermal decomposition furnace as described in any one of Claims 1-4,
Waste introduction means can receive and compress the waste to be treated, fill it into the input interface of the cavity, and prevent air from entering the cavity;
The input interface of the cavity (50) has at least one first and second input (51, 53);
The waste introduction means includes first and second introduction channels (72, 74) connected to the first and second inputs (51, 53) of the cavity, respectively;
Means for forming a compressor (79, 81) for compressing the waste and crushing it in the first and second introduction channels (72, 74);
Control means capable of zigzag controlling the compression and filling of the waste into the first and second inputs (51, 53) of the cavity and maintaining imperviousness in the cavity. Pyrolysis furnace. In the pyrolysis furnace according to claim 5,
Each lead-in channel (72, 74) has first and second ends (71, 75; 73, 77);
The first end (71, 73) is connected to the input (51, 53) associated with the cavity and has a drop shutter (76, 78) that closes the input of the cavity during control;
Said second end (75 and 77), the press waste write No for a drop shutter that is the relationship accommodates a pushing mechanism can be arranged in two directions of the introduction in the channel during the control,
The pyrolysis furnace characterized in that the control means can control the position of the push-in mechanism and the opening and closing of the drop shutter in each introduction channel. In the pyrolysis furnace according to claim 5 or 6,
A pyrolysis furnace characterized in that the upper part of each introduction channel has a trap door (85, 87) for receiving said waste. In the pyrolysis furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The pyrolysis furnace has a recovery unit for the solid carbon-containing material (MSC) obtained from the pyrolysis cavity;
The recovery unit (REP) has a discharge channel (200) forming a wicking / sealing;
A container (202) connected to the cavity by the discharge channel (200) and a recovery mechanism (204) capable of directing the solid carbon-containing material (MSC) towards a separation and cleaning unit (206); And a pyrolysis furnace characterized in that the solid carbon-containing substance (MSC) is gathered at the base of the container in the form of a stopper for preventing permeation of air. The pyrolysis furnace according to claim 8,
Pyrolysis furnace characterized in that the separation and washing unit associated with the recovery unit (REP) has a perforated cylindrical vessel (206) that is rotatable in a decantation and washing vessel (208). The pyrolysis furnace according to claim 9, wherein
A pyrolysis furnace characterized in that the perforated cylindrical container supplies a mixture (KK) of water and a solid carbon-containing substance so that the calorific value of the mixture can be promoted. The pyrolysis furnace according to claim 9, wherein
The separation and washing unit (206) is connected to the water treatment means (LAV);
The water treatment means comprises a plurality of decantation and washing containers (300) connected to each other, each of which decreases gradually and a pump and a solenoid valve controlled by a contamination meter and a water level contactor;
The cleaning liquid is discharged from the container having a concentration higher than a predetermined threshold to the previous container, and the level of the cleaning liquid in the decantation and washing container supplies the thin cleaning liquid in the next container to the decantation and washing container. A pyrolysis furnace characterized in that the pyrolysis furnace is maintained constant.

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