KR100313548B1 - Method of generating electricity from waste material and apparatus for carrying out the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The gaseous fuel production device 1 for driving the electricity generating device comprises an oven 2, a ram 11 for supplying the gas-producing waste material to the oven 2, and a waste material in the oven 2. Gas burner (5), and a collection vessel (25) for collecting free gaseous fuel by heating the waste material. The oven 2 and the waste material supply pipe 7 connected thereto have an airtight composition so that combustion of the waste material does not occur. The airtight oven 2 has a central gasifier portion 15 having an inlet end 15a and an outlet end 15b. The feed pipe 7 is connected to the inlet end 15a and the outlet pipe 16 is connected to the outlet end 15b. Outlet tube 16 extends into collection vessel 25 having an upper end for receiving gas filter 26 and a lower end connected to ash receptacle 27. Gas fuel passing through filter 26 enters line 29 connected to gas quench unit 30. Unit 30 is the hot water / medium outlet 35, the cooling water inlet 36, which is discharged to the gas / water separator 38 to collect the condensate (39) and the gas fuel passing through the discharge line 40, And a gas / vapor outlet 37. Gas discharge line 40 passes through branch line 47 and regulator valve 49 and gas binner control unit 50 through which available gas for driving the electricity generating device is pulled away for combustion. Integrate another branch line 48 where gas is supplied to 5).

Description

Method for generating electricity from waste material and apparatus for performing the same

The present invention relates to the generation of electricity from waste material.

The most widely used method of waste disposal is landfill disposal. However, this waste disposal method has problems such as lack of available landfill, contamination of groundwater, and gas generation which is difficult to control.

Incineration is an alternative method of waste disposal that alleviates the problems associated with landfills by incineration of most organic constituents of the waste material for significantly reduced volumes, thereby leaving solid ash. However, the emission smoke from incineration causes pollution and is very difficult to treat to the extent that current environmental standards are met.

The invention also relates to the conversion of waste material into treatable ash.

According to a feature of the present invention, a method of generating electricity from waste material includes driving the electricity generating device by the combustion of gas fuel and generating gas fuel, wherein the production of the gas fuel heats the waste material without combustion. Steps.

According to another feature of the invention, an apparatus for carrying out the method comprises an oven, an apparatus for supplying waste material to the oven, waste in the oven without burning

Driving an electricity generating device including a device for heating the vagina, a device for collecting gaseous fuel freed by heating waste material, an electricity generating device, and a device for burning at least a portion of the collected gaseous fuel And a device for making it.

An apparatus is provided wherein at least a portion of the collected gaseous fuel is used to heat waste material in an oven.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more clearly understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment according to the present invention.

2 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment according to the present invention;

3 is a perspective view of a fuel block used in a variant not shown.

4 is a side cross-sectional view of the feeder shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the gasifier shown in FIG.

6 is a side cross-sectional view of the gasifier drum shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. 6;

8 is a plan view of a feeder suitable for feeding waste material to the gasifier drum of the preferred embodiment.

9 is a sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of FIG.

10 is a side view of an intermediate portion of the drum drive wheel 124.

11 is a partial sectional view showing spring mounting of the drum drive wheel 124;

Detailed description of the preferred embodiment

1 shows an apparatus 1 for producing gaseous fuel from waste material.

The device (1) is in the form of a gas burner (5) for heating waste material in an oven (2), a feeder (3) for supplying waste gas for gas generation to the oven (2) and an oven (2). Device 4, an apparatus 6 for collecting the liberated gaseous fuel by heating the waste material.

The oven 2 and the supply device 3 connected thereto are hermetically configured so that combustion of waste material does not occur. The airtightly constructed oven 2 comprises a central gasifier section 15 having an inlet end 15a and an outlet end 15b.

The waste material is exposed to high temperatures in the gasifier section 15, ie 800 ° C.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the supply device 3 for supplying the gas-generating waste material to the oven 2 includes a hopper 10 to which waste is supplied, a waste feeder ram 11, a gas tightly configured feeder duct. It consists of (7). The ram 11 is actuated by a hydraulic piston / cylinder unit 12 to drive and compress waste material along the feed duct 7 between the gasifier portion 15 and the hopper 10 of the oven 2. It works.

The feed duct 7 is connected to the inlet end 15a and the outlet duct 16 is connected to the outlet end 15b. The screw rake 17 in the form of a screw is sealably disposed in the outlet duct 16; Rotatable by motor (not shown) to assist the passage of waste material. The oven 2 comprises a chimney 18 through which exhaust gas generated by the use of the gas burner 5 can be discharged to the atmosphere. The chimney 18 is provided with a control damper 19.

The outlet duct 16 extends into a collection vessel 25 for collecting gas / ash, having an upper end for receiving a filter 26, which is a gas filter, and a lower end connected to the ash receptacle 27. As a stop valve 28 is provided, ash removed from the oven 2 by ashes 17 is passed to the receptacle 27 without venting gas from the collection vessel 25.

In a preferred embodiment (not shown), no ash rake is required, and the collection vessel 25 is provided in the form of a cyclone separator for separating gas and ash.

The gaseous fuel passing through the filter 26 enters the discharge line 29 connected to the gas cooling unit 30. The gas cooling unit 30 includes a hot water / steam outlet 35, a cold water inlet 36, and a shielded gas / steam outlet 37.

The outlet 37 is connected to a separator 38 where condensate 39 is collected and the gaseous fuel leaves by the discharge line 40. Condensate consists of water and tar. The float control valve 45 is operated to discharge excess condensate in the drain line 46. If necessary, the gas and tar are recombined in suitable proportions; It may be fed into a homogeneous chamber which breaks down the polymer containing organic toxin into small molecules so as to produce a larger amount of gas and destroy organic toxin by heating.

The drainage line 40 is a branching line 47 which allows the available gas to be used elsewhere and allows the gas to be supplied to the oven burner 5 via the control valve 49 and the gas burner control unit 50. Another branch line 48 is included. Alternatively, to start the gasification process only, a gas supply unit such as natural gas may be provided to the burner control unit 50 via a supply line 51 provided with a control valve 52.

In operation, waste materials such as garbage are supplied to the hopper 10 after screening to remove unnecessary materials such as metal, ceramic, and glass.

The waste material is preferably ground before being fed to the hopper 10.

Gas is discharged from the gasifier portion 15 and flows into the discharge line 29 past the upper end of the collection vessel 25. Ash is drawn through the stop valve 28 into the lower end of the collection vessel 25. The upper stop valve 28 is first opened so that ash can pass. Thereafter, the upper stop valve 28 is closed and the lower stop valve 28 is opened so that ash is passed through the receptacle 27. Thereafter, the lower stop valve 28 is closed.

After cooling, the ash is removed from the receptacle 27 and dispersed, for example, in landfills and the like.

When the waste material is carbonaceous (including used car tires for example), the ash can be used as a carbon filter material if the ash removed is rich in charcoal.

The collected gas passes through a filter 26 where ash particles are removed before entering the discharge line 29. The gas then passes through a cooling unit 30 where cooling (ie, 5 ° C. to 15 ° C.) takes place before passing through separator 38. The gas discharged to line 47 includes available gaseous fuel.

Then, a part of the generated gas replenishes the gas supplied by the supply line 51.

Or it is supplied to the oven burner 5 to replace it.

One or more devices may be used. E.g. Two separate devices can be used, one for which a relatively low calorie waste is supplied to the other and a relatively high calorie for the other. The gases produced by each of these devices can be controlled and continuously mixed to provide an available gas having the desired ratio.

In the device shown in FIG. 2, device 60 is supplied with relatively low calorie waste material, and device 68, which is similar to device 60 and works with such device, has relatively high calorie waste material. Is supplied.

In the organ 60, the processing of waste material takes place at 61. Such processing steps include taking unclassified household waste material such as household waste, crushing such waste material, and separating ferrous and nonferrous metals as well as ceramics. Ferrous metals are separated by magnetic devices. Nonferrous metals are separated by eddy currents. A vibrating endless belt conveyor is used to separate the ceramic material. Similar conveyors are used in the metal separation stage.

The separated metal is used in a series of recycling operations.

The sorted material comprises small size particles of about 4.00 to 6.00 mm diameter.

The classified material is then dried using hot air.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the waste material is fed to a hermetic oven or gasifier 63 which is hot treated (800 ° C.) without combustion, by means of a feeder 62 which also miniaturizes the material. Here, the gas is moved to undergo processing such as rubbing, filtration, cooling and storage in the processing unit 64 before being discharged to the mixer 65. Line 66 (FIG. 5) connects gasifier 63 and processing unit 64. Ash is removed past valve duct 67 for continuous use or for removal.

In the apparatus 68, unsorted waste material, such as high calorie industrial material, including packaging and plastic material, is processed at 70 before being fed to the feeder 71. The processing includes only grinding processing. After drying (if necessary), the waste material is fed to the hermetic oven / gasifier 72 by the feeder 71. The moved gas is processed in the processing unit 73. The conveyor apparatus 71, the gasifier 72, and the processing unit 73 take almost the same form as the units 62, 63, and 64, respectively.

The ash is removed past the valve duct 74 for continuous use.

After the processing, the gas is discharged to the mixer 65.

The gas flows along the line 80 to the gas inlet of the electricity generating device including the gas turbine generator unit 81, and power is generated from the mixer 65 and supplied to the power line 82. The exhaust gas of the turbine passes through the duct 83 to the heat exchanger 84 provided with the steam superheater. The heat exchanger 84 includes a feed inlet 85, an outlet 86 for superheated steam, and a turbine exhaust gas outlet 87.

The steam discharged from the outlet 86 is supplied to an additional electric generator including the steam turbine generator unit 88, whereby additional power is generated and supplied to the power line 89. The exhaust from the turbine of the generator unit 88 is discharged to hot water via the outlet duct 90.

The gas flow line 80 includes a main branch line 91 provided with auxiliary branch lines 92 and 93, so that gaseous fuel is burned in the gasifiers 63 and 72 to heat waste materials therein. Is supplied). The gasifier includes flue flues 165 and 75 corresponding to the flue 18 of FIG.

The feeder 62 or 71 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 may be used for a single device, for example instead of the feeder 3 of FIG.

1 shows one form of a feeder 62 or 71, which comprises a first hopper and a second, in which a first screw conveyor and a second screw conveyor 102, 103 are arranged inside a lower portion of the feeder. It consists of a two-stage system using hoppers 100 and 101.

The conveyor 102 is driven by the external motor 104 and the conveyor 103 discharged in the vicinity of the external motor 105.

The discharge end of the conveyor 102 is disposed in the duct 106 interconnecting the upper end of the second hopper 101 and the lower end of the first hopper 100, wherein the first hopper 100 is a second hopper ( 101) is placed at a higher level.

The flap valve 107 serving as a non-return gas sealing device is disposed at the outlet end of the duct 106 and can rotate around the paper 109.

The first hopper 100 is open to the atmosphere. In order to replace the air in the waste material, the inside of the second hopper 101 is supplied with an inert gas of slight overpressure (about 2.0 lbs / in ² ) via line 108. The blanket of inert gas may include exhaust gases drawn from quench 165 (FIG. 2) or other inert gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen. The duct 106 and the flap valve 107 act as a gas locking device between the first hopper 100 and the second hopper 101, thereby passing through the first hopper 100 and into the second hopper 101. Restrict air inflow.

The processed waste material is supplied to the first hopper 100 and is compressed by the screw conveyor 102 along the duct 106 (to further reduce the air content of the material). Is discharged from.

The flap valve 107 is raised by the discharged waste material, and the waste material is introduced into the second hopper 101.

The screw conveyor 103 then discharges the incoming waste material back into the gasifier 63 from the second hopper 101 through the feed duct 115 in a compressed form.

8 shows another embodiment of a feeder 62 or 71 consisting of a pair of first hoppers 200, 201 and a second hopper 202. The waste material is selectively introduced into the first hoppers 200 and 201 and then supplied to the second hoppers 202 through the respective ducts 207 and 209 by the respective screw conveyors 206 and 208.

When either hopper of the first hopper discharges waste material to the second hopper, the duct is closed from the second hopper by a valve device (not shown), and then the hopper is opened to the atmosphere for refilling. During refilling, another first hopper may discharge waste material to the second hopper.

Once the first hopper is filled it is sealed again and then purged with carbon dioxide or other inert gas to release air from the waste material to the atmosphere through a vent valve (not shown). After purging, the valve arrangement between the hopper and the second hopper is opened and the motor 203 or 204 is switched "ON" to drive each screw conveyor 206 or 208, thus waste material. The second hopper 202 is transferred.

The second hopper screw conveyor 210 is continuously driven by the motor 205 to continuously supply waste material to the gasifier oven along the duct 211.

The second hopper is also supplied with carbon dioxide or other inert gas, and is maintained at a pressure which can prevent the backflow of the product gas from the gasifier to the second hopper or the inflow of purified gas from the first hopper.

5 shows a gasifier 63 installed on the chassis 120. The gasifier 63 includes a rotatable drum 123 mounted on a spring driven wheel 214, the outer circumference of the drum being in contact with the circular drive band 125 carried by the drum 123. The driving wheel 124 reacts with respect to the weight of the drum 123 and its content. The drive wheel 124 is driven by an electric motor and a chain drive unit (not shown).

The drum 123 is provided with an inlet 126 (FIG. 5) and an outlet 127. The inlet 126 passes through the rotatable sealing unit 128 and is connected to the stationary discharge pipe duct. The outlet 127 includes a rotatable gas outlet pipe 129 connected to a stop line 66 (FIG. 2). Pressurization unit 131 seals pipe 129 to line 66, allowing relative rotation therebetween.

The drum 123 is rotatable about an approximately horizontal axis of rotation 132. If desired, the drum may be formed in an inclined state by appropriately changing the associated drive structure and support structure, in which case the rotating shaft 132 is no longer horizontal.

6 and 7 show the drum 123 in more detail.

6 shows a drum 123 with a device 133 for heating the outside of the drum, which comprises an auxiliary branch line 92 and a gas burner 134 through which gas is supplied.

The drum 123 is made of steel and welded. The inner 140 of the drum receives a soft iron strip 141 wound in a spiral form around the rotating shaft 132 and fixed to the inner surface of the drum by welding.

An angular pin 142 is fixed inside the drum adjacent its inlet 126. The angular pin 142 can be effectively varied in length and outer diameter, the unfixed end being a central axis of rotation ( 132) (Figure 7). The inwardly projecting strip 143 is fixed inside the drum 123. The strips 143 spaced at equal intervals extend longitudinally along the inside of the drum. This strip, in conjunction with the helical strip 141 and the angular pin 142, provides a structural device that can destroy, stir, and mix waste material. The spiral strip 141 also acts as a screw conveyor, allowing broken waste material to pass along the interior of the drum 123 toward the outlet 127. The waste material takes about 10 minutes to pass.

In a preferred embodiment, the portion of the soft iron strip 141 (FIG. 6) located at the truncated cone-shaped outlet end of the drum 123 is used to pump ash from the bottom of the drum 123 and onto the drum axis of rotation 132. The ash may slide downward from the channel arrangement into the outlet 127, in order to raise the ash to the ash. The channel device is a series of channel devices 300 attached to the drum as shown in FIG. 9 and arranged in parallel to the plane containing the rotary exit 132 of the drum 123; Each of these members forms a channel 300a for pumping and retaining the ash and then raising it to a position above the rotation axis 132 and a member 300b for sliding the retained ash down the channel and into the outlet 127. In order to have an L-shaped cross section.

Optionally, the channel arrangement may comprise a single elongated pipe member (not shown) attached to the drum to form a channel disposed substantially parallel to the drum surface containing the drum axis of rotation; An inlet is formed at one end of the pipe member, and an outlet is formed at the other end. The inlet is formed between the coils of the helical strip 141 in the cylindrical portion of the drum 123 and is connected to the end of the helical channel, which is the end of the spiral channel closest to the outlet 127, thus leaving the end of the helical channel. All ash is introduced directly into the inlet of the pipe as it is raised by the rotation of the drum 123. When the pipe member rises to a sufficient level, the ash slides down through the pipe member and out of the outlet 127 to the outlet. The end of the pipe member provided with the outlet projects into the outlet 127, which is provided with an ash shifter such as an additional soft iron spiral strip to move the ash away from the drum 123 along the outlet 127. . In order to direct the ash from the outlet to the ash transfer device, the guide device adjacent to the outlet of the pipe member preferably takes the form of a plate, for example.

As shown in FIG. 5, the rotatable drum 123 is housed in a box-shaped enclosure 150 lined with insulation 151.

10 shows the driving wheel 124 in detail. Wheels take a complex form; A central steel hub portion 155 having a key groove 156 for installation on the shaft 157, a steel outer rim or tire portion 158, and an intermediate portion 159 in which the monolith is housed. Include. The hub portion 155, the tire portion 158, and the intermediate portion 159 are fixed by bolts 165 and 166.

11 shows how the drive wheel 124 is spring loaded. A shaft 157 of the drive wheel 124 is installed to rotate between the forks of the branched support bracket 170. The support bracket 170 is mounted to an upper end of the pin 171 slidably disposed in the support block 172 fixed to the chassis 120. A compression spring 173 is disposed between the lower end of the pin 171 and the disk disposed in the interior 175 of the support block 172. Lockable adjustment screw 176 installed to rotate at the lower end of support block 172 is used to control the compressive load on spring 173 and thereby adjust the spring load on drive wheel 124.

According to a variant not shown, the waste material may be downsized by pressure to form a cylindrical fuel block 190 (FIG. 3) before being fed to the gasifier 63. FIG. The fuel block 190 has a diameter of about 90.00 mm, a length of about 300.00 mm, and a weight of about 250.00 gm.

The separated fuel block 190 is continuously supplied into the drum 123 of the gasifier 63 under the pressure imposed by the supply ram.

The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments and is not limited thereto, and one of ordinary skill in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

At least one first and second hoppers 100 containing waste material, purifying means 108 provided for introducing inert gas into the second hopper 101, and the second hopper. The first and second hoppers 100 and 101 are connected to a duct 106 provided with a flap valve 107 which is a non-return gas sealing means at the inlet of the second hopper 101. In the method of gasifying the waste material, connected by Transferring the waste material from the first hopper 100 to the second hopper 101; Preventing the air from flowing into the second hopper from the first hopper by using the duct 106 and the flap valve 107 as a non-return gas sealing means during the transfer of the waste material, Closing the flap valve 107 which is a non-return gas sealing means; Purifying the waste material in the second hopper 101, Transferring the waste material to the gasifier 63; Waste material gasification method comprising the step of heating the waste material in the gasifier (63) without combustion. The method of claim 2, Waste material gasification method comprising the step of placing the first hopper (100) higher than the second hopper (101). The method according to claim 1 or 2, The gas generated in the gasifier (63) is subjected to treatment such as rubbing, filtration and cooling in the processing unit (64). The method according to claim 1 or 2, Gasifying waste material from two or more separate devices (63, 72) and mixing the gas from each device in mixer (65) before use in subsequent devices, such as gas turbine generator unit (81). Waste material gasification method comprising the step of additionally. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Compressing the waste material in the separated fuel block (190) before transporting the waste material to the gasifier (63). The method according to claim 1 or 2, Waste material gasification method characterized in that to produce a gas fuel by heating the waste material in the gasifier (63). In the apparatus for performing the waste gas gasification method according to claim 1, The gasifier 63 includes an oven, a feeder 62 for transferring waste material to the oven, a means for heating the waste material without combustion, and a line 66 for collecting the gas liberated by the heating of the waste material. And electricity generating means (81, 88) driven by at least a portion of the collected gas. The method of claim 7, wherein The oven comprises a rotating drum 123 having an inlet 126 and an outlet 127; The inside of the drum is provided with a coupling means operable to mix the waste material introduced via the inlet 126 and to discharge the waste material along the interior 140 of the drum to the outlet 127; The coupling means comprises a helical structure 141 fixed to the interior 140 of the drum and is operated with an elongated strip 143 extending longitudinally along the interior 140 of the drum. Waste material gasifier, characterized in that. The method of claim 8, The coupling means is disposed in the inlet 126 to the drum 123, the waste material gasifier, characterized in that it further comprises an angular pin (142) off with respect to the rotation axis (132) of the drum. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, The drum 123 pumps the ash from the bottom of the drum 123 to rise above the rotary shaft 132 so that residual ash generated from gasification of the waste material slides downwardly from the channel apparatus into the outlet 127. Waste material gasifier comprising a.