KR19990050775A - Pyrolysis Gasification Melt Treatment Equipment of Waste - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for treating pyrolysis and gasification of wastes according to the present invention includes a melting reaction furnace having a fuel gas inlet and a decomposition gas outlet for pyrolysis and melting of wastes in a predetermined portion of a body, and pyrolyzing and gasifying and melting the injected waste; A waste input device which is provided at an inlet of the melting reactor and compresses the waste into the melting reactor; A molten slag homogenization tank provided at one side of the molten reactor and homogenized by receiving molten slag in the molten reactor; A quench tank provided under the molten slag homogenization tank and cooling the homogenized molten slag to granulate molten slag; A conveyor for transporting the slag granulated by the quench tank to the outside of the quench tank; And a slag collection tank for collecting the granulated slag conveyed by the conveyor.

According to the present invention, since the waste is compressed to the maximum by the waste input device provided at the inlet of the melting reactor and blocked from the outside by the barrier wall, the compressed waste is introduced into the molten reactor, so that air is introduced from the outside. Blocking, of course, by eliminating the contained air of the waste as much as possible to create an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere can make the entire pyrolysis gas process efficiently, there is an advantage that can suppress the generation of secondary pollutants.

Description

Pyrolysis Gasification Melt Treatment Equipment of Waste

The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to compact an waste during waste input, to create an oxygen-free atmosphere, to increase the content of solids, to increase the efficiency of carbonization, and to carry out the gasification and melting reactions under a continuous single process. The present invention relates to a pyrolysis gasification melt treatment apparatus for wastes which simplifies the treatment process and can safely treat wastes in the form of slag without secondary pollution.

Today, with the development of various industries, various wastes are generated at industrial sites. Although some of these wastes are harmless and easily decomposed, most wastes contain harmful components and are often made of materials that are not easily decomposed. Moreover, if such waste is discarded or landfilled indiscriminately, it can cause serious social problems, including water and soil pollution, resulting in environmental degradation. Therefore, special efforts are required for the disposal of such wastes.

In the treatment of waste, the most commonly used method is the treatment method by incineration. However, the waste treatment method by incineration has many problems due to the emission of dioxin and the emission of secondary pollutants such as incineration materials containing heavy metals. Various methods have been proposed to replace the incineration method, but the most attention is the pyrolysis gasification melt treatment method. In this method, waste is pyrolyzed in an oxygen-free atmosphere to obtain unburned carbon powder and carbonized gas as a heat source, and the remaining ash is melted to be treated as slag. Pyrolysis gasification of waste is carried out by pyrolysis gasification at 500 to 800 ° C., followed by low temperature gasification melting to melt the residue at a high temperature of 1,400 ° C. or higher, and injecting the waste onto a slag melt of 1800 ° C. or higher to form a carbonized layer and a gasification layer in one place. It can be roughly divided into the hot gasification melting method to be formed. The low temperature gasification melting apparatus is divided into a reactor for collecting carbonized gas by pyrolysis gasification to an external heat source in a primarily enclosed space, and a furnace for secondary melting of residues from the primary reactor. In this case, a separate heat source must be provided to the reactor and the melting furnace, and a separate device for collecting and transferring the residues is required. In addition, the hot gasification melting apparatus can process both pyrolysis and melting at the same time, but in general, since waste is introduced into the inlet, an oxygen free atmosphere composition, which is the core of the gasification reaction, is not efficiently formed, thereby obtaining carbonized gas and unburned carbon powder. There is a problem of low efficiency.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional pyrolysis gasification melt processing apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional pyrolysis gasification melt treatment device is provided with a pyrolysis tube 101 for pyrolyzing an input waste, and an upper portion of the pyrolysis tube 101 and cramming the waste into the pyrolysis tube 101. cramming) device 102, a melting tank 103 provided in the lower portion of the pyrolysis pipe 101 and melting the pyrolyzed waste, and controlling the gas generated in the pyrolysis pipe 101 and the melting tank 103 to control the gas burner. A heating jacket which surrounds the gas control device 104 and the pyrolysis pipe 101 to collect the unburned gas from the gas burners 105 and 105 'and discharges them to the outside. a heating jacket 106 and a melting tank tank 108 having a heat resistant lining 107 therein and surrounding the melting tank 103.

However, since the conventional pyrolysis gasification melt treatment device having the above-described configuration chops the waste into the pyrolysis pipe 101 by simple hammering by the cramming device 102 when the waste is input, air may be contained in the waste. There is a lot of space is left, accordingly there is no oxygen-free atmosphere is not made the pyrolysis gasification reaction smoothly, there is a problem that the secondary pollutant is generated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and when the waste is injected, the waste is compressed to create an oxygen-free atmosphere, increase the content of solids to increase the efficiency of carbonization, and carry out gasification and melting reaction in a continuous single process It is an object of the present invention to simplify a waste treatment process and to provide a pyrolysis gasification melt treatment apparatus for waste that can be safely disposed of in the form of slag without secondary pollution.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional pyrolysis gasification melt processing apparatus.

2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for treating pyrolysis gasification of waste according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings>

101 ... Pyrolysis tube 102 ... Cramming unit

103 ... molten bath 104 ... gas control device

105,105 '... Gas Burner 106 ... Heating Jacket

Heat-resistant lining 108 Melting tank

201 ... Melting reactor 202,203,206g ... Fuel gas inlet

204 Gas outlet 205 Waste input device

206 ... Molten slag homogenization tank

208 Conveyor 209 Slag Collector

210 Compressed waste 201d Drying chamber

201e ... waste inlet 205c ... shut-off cylinder

205m ... motor 205p ... compression cylinder

205s ... screw feeder 205w ... blocking wall

206h ... melt slag outlet 207w ... water

211 molten slag layer 212 carbonized waste layer

213 Waste gasification layer

In order to achieve the above object, the apparatus for pyrolysis gasification and melting of waste according to the present invention has a fuel gas inlet and a decomposition gas outlet for pyrolysis and melting of waste in a predetermined portion of the body, and thermally decomposes and inputs the gasification and melt treatment. Melting reactor; A waste input device which is provided at an inlet of the melting reactor and compresses the waste into the melting reactor; A molten slag homogenization tank provided at one side of the molten reactor and homogenized by receiving molten slag in the molten reactor; A quench tank provided under the molten slag homogenization tank and cooling the homogenized molten slag to granulate molten slag; A conveyor for transporting the slag granulated by the quench tank to the outside of the quench tank; And a slag collection tank for collecting the granulated slag conveyed by the conveyor.

According to the present invention, since the waste is compressed to the maximum by the waste input device provided at the inlet of the melting reactor and blocked from the outside by the barrier wall, the compressed waste is introduced into the molten reactor, so that air is introduced from the outside. Blocking, of course, by eliminating the contained air of the waste as much as possible to create an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere can make the entire pyrolysis gas process efficiently, there is an advantage that can suppress the generation of secondary pollutants.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for treating pyrolysis gasification of waste according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, the apparatus for treating pyrolysis gasification of waste according to the present invention has a fuel gas inlet 202 and a decomposition gas outlet 204 for pyrolysis and melting of waste at approximately a lower side of the body. A melting reactor 201 for pyrolyzing and gasifying the waste, a waste injector 205 provided at an inlet of the melting reactor 201 for compressing the waste and introducing the waste into the melting reactor, and the melting reaction The molten slag homogenization tank 206 which is provided on one side of the lower portion of the furnace 201 and receives and homogenizes the molten slag in the melting reactor 201, and the molten slag that is homogenized and provided in the lower portion of the molten slag homogenization tank 206. And a conveyor 208 and a conveyor 208 for conveying the slag granulated by the quench tank 207 to the outside of the quench tank 207 by cooling the slag in the molten state. It consists of a slag collection tank 209 for collecting the granulated slag transported by).

Here, the waste injecting device 205 is connected to the screw injector 205s for introducing the waste introduced through the waste inlet 201e into the inside by the spiral rotation, and connected to the central axis of the screw injector 205s, the screw injector On the connecting passage of the motor 205m which provides the screw driving force to 205s, the compression cylinder 205p for compressing the injected waste, and the compression cylinder 205p and the drying chamber 201d above the melting reactor 201. It is provided and is composed of a blocking cylinder (205c) to allow the compressed and compressed waste of the waste by the opening and closing of the blocking wall (205w) to be dropped into the reactor. At this time, a hydraulic cylinder is used as the compression cylinder 205p and the shutoff cylinder 205c.

In addition, the molten slag homogenization tank 206 is provided as an integral type of communication structure with the molten reaction reactor 201 so that molten slag from the molten reaction reactor 201 can be supplied. However, in some cases, the molten slag homogenization tank 206 may be provided as a structure independent of the melting reactor 201 and connected by a connection member such as a pipe. In addition, a gas inlet 206g for injecting fuel gas is provided at an upper end of the molten slag homogenization tank 206, and a molten slag outlet 206h for discharging molten slag is provided at a bottom surface thereof. The quench tank 207 is filled with water 207w as a refrigerant for rapidly cooling the molten slag falling from the molten slag homogenization tank 206.

Then, the operation of the pyrolysis gasification melt treatment apparatus for waste according to the present invention having the above configuration will be described.

When waste is introduced through the waste inlet 201e while the blocking wall 205w is closed by the operation of the blocking cylinder 205c, the screw injector 205s performs a screw motion by driving the motor 205m, and accordingly The injected waste is conveyed inward (downward in this figure) with screw rotation. In this process, waste is primarily compressed. When the compressed waste is dropped downward, the compression cylinder 205p advances (moves to the right in this drawing) to compress the first compressed waste again to the second. This minimizes the space where air is trapped in the waste. When the secondary compression is completed in this way, the blocking wall 205w, which was closed by the operation of the blocking cylinder 205c, is opened, and the compressed waste 210 is pushed by the compression cylinder 205p to dry the chamber 201d. Is transferred to. Then, the blocking wall 205w descends again to create a closed state. Therefore, the melting reaction furnace 201 is cut off from the outside, and the waste contained in the reaction furnace contains a minimum of air, thereby forming an oxygen-free atmosphere to help the pyrolysis gasification reaction.

On the other hand, the compressed waste 210 of the drying chamber 201d is dried by the hot gas rising from the lower portion of the melting reactor 201 until the next compressed waste comes in, and then the molten reactor 201 by the input of the subsequent compressed waste. Falls into. Here, this drying process is the first process to increase the solids content in the gasification reaction. At this time, since the drying time is until the next compressed waste, the appropriate exposure time to the hot gas can be secured by adjusting the compression rate of the waste and the input speed into the reactor according to the entire process.

The dried compressed waste is initially deposited on the molten slag generated, but in the initial stage of the process, a large amount is added to sufficiently cover the molten layer, but once the proper amount is accumulated on the molten layer, the interior of the molten reactor 201 is lowered. From the molten slag layer 211, the carbonized waste layer 212, and the waste gasification layer 213. The waste gasification layer 213 is thermally decomposed by heat rising from the bottom to generate carbonized gas. Here, a brief description will be given for this pyrolysis gasification reaction.

The pyrolysis gasification reaction heats organic materials in an oxygen-free atmosphere to a temperature range of 500 to 800 ° C, combustible dry gas consisting of hydrogen, methane, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, organic compounds such as acetone and methanol, and carbon powder, metal glass and residues. It is a process of decomposing into residues of. This reaction depends largely on the composition of the waste, the pyrolysis temperature and the rate, in particular an oxygen free or low oxygen atmosphere. In general, the pyrolysis of wastes causes gaseous, liquid, and solid forms to pass through unspecified intermediate products, and the amount of heat generated in the gas drops sharply at higher oxygen atmospheres, and at higher pyrolysis temperatures, the amount of solids decreases and the amount of gas decreases. Will increase. Of course, if the appropriate temperature at this time, it does not increase any more, it can be said that the appropriate temperature range is 500 ~ 800 ℃. However, the lower the amount of oxygen, the better the quality of the cracked gas.

Meanwhile, the carbonized gas generated by the pyrolysis of the carbonized waste layer 212 is discharged through the gas outlet 204 to undergo a purification process, and then injected again through the gas inlets 202, 203, and 206 g of fuel. Used as The pyrolysis residue of the waste gasification layer 213 is lowered to the lower carbonization waste layer 212. Then, the carbonized waste layer 212 is melted by the pyrolysis carbon gas or fuel gas which has undergone the purification process coming into its own unburned carbon powder and the gas inlet 202, 203 and descends to the slag layer 211. Then, the slag thus produced is dropped into the quench tank 207 through the outlet 206h through the homogenization tank 206, in which molten slag is crushed into solid particles while being rapidly cooled by water (207w). At this time, not only slag, but also the metal is separated from the slag, the metal is separately collected and collected by the slag, a metal separator (not shown) provided on the conveyor 208. The slag conveyed out of the quench tank 207 by the conveyor 208 is collected in the slag collection tank 209. The collected slag is then used as raw material for other industries or disposed of as appropriate.

As described above, the apparatus for treating pyrolysis gasification and melting of waste according to the present invention is the waste compressed in the state in which the waste is compressed to the maximum by the waste input device provided at the inlet of the melting reactor and blocked from the outside by the barrier wall. Since it is put inside, it is possible to block the inflow of air from the outside as well as to remove the contained air of the waste as much as possible to create an anoxic or low oxygen atmosphere, making the entire pyrolysis gas process more efficient, and thus suppressing the generation of secondary pollutants. There are advantages to it.

Claims (4)

A melting reaction furnace having a fuel gas inlet and a decomposition gas outlet for pyrolysis and melting of waste in a predetermined portion of the body, and pyrolyzing and gasifying and melting the injected waste; A waste input device which is provided at an inlet of the melting reactor and compresses the waste into the melting reactor; A molten slag homogenization tank provided at one side of the molten reactor and homogenized by receiving molten slag in the molten reactor; A quench tank provided under the molten slag homogenization tank and cooling the homogenized molten slag to granulate molten slag; A conveyor for transporting the slag granulated by the quench tank to the outside of the quench tank; And And a slag collection tank for collecting the granulated slag transferred by the conveyor. The method of claim 1, The waste input device includes a screw feeder for feeding the waste introduced through the waste feeder into the inside by a helical rotation, a motor connected to the central axis of the screw feeder and providing a screw driving force to the screw feeder, and compressing the injected waste. Compression cylinders, compression cylinders and blocking cylinders are provided on the connection passage of the drying chamber above the melting reactor and composed of a blocking cylinder that allows the compressed and compressed waste of the waste to be discharged into the reactor by opening and closing the blocking wall. A pyrolysis gasification melt treatment device for waste. The method of claim 2, The compression cylinder and the blocking cylinder is a pyrolysis gasification melt treatment device of the waste, characterized in that consisting of a hydraulic cylinder. The method of claim 1, And a slag for separating and collecting the metal that is separated by the granulated slag cooled by the quenching tank and deposited on the conveyor, and a metal separation device is installed.