JP4309349B2 - 排気ガス処理装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
排気ガス処理装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4309349B2 JP4309349B2 JP2004541641A JP2004541641A JP4309349B2 JP 4309349 B2 JP4309349 B2 JP 4309349B2 JP 2004541641 A JP2004541641 A JP 2004541641A JP 2004541641 A JP2004541641 A JP 2004541641A JP 4309349 B2 JP4309349 B2 JP 4309349B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 177
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,3-diene Chemical group CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical class O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2422—Mounting of the body within a housing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/005—Fibre or filament compositions obtained by leaching of a soluble phase and consolidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/66—Chemical treatment, e.g. leaching, acid or alkali treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/0211—Arrangements for mounting filtering elements in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2265/00—Casings, housings or mounting for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2265/02—Non-permanent measures for connecting different parts of the filter
- B01D2265/024—Mounting aids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
- B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2498—The honeycomb filter being defined by mathematical relationships
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/71—Photocatalytic coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
- F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Description
例えば、ドイツ特許第19858025号明細書においては、膨張性材料と組み合せたシリカ繊維を含む取付けマットが、触媒コンバータ用に試験されている。
Claims (10)
- 排気ガスを処理するための装置であって、
ハウジングと、
前記ハウジング内に弾性的に取り付けられる脆弱構造体と、
前記ハウジングと前記脆弱構造体との間のギャップ内に配置される一体型の非膨張性取付けマットと、を備え、
前記一体型の取付けマットは、溶融形成され、溶出され、且つ、熱処理された不連続的なガラス繊維を含み、このガラス繊維は、少なくとも67重量パーセントのシリカを含有し、
前記ハウジング内で前記脆弱構造体を保持するために、
(i)約900℃の高温面温度、約0.3から約0.5g/cm3のギャップ嵩密度、及び約5%のギャップ膨張率における1,000サイクル試験後に少なくとも10kPa、又は、
(ii)約300℃の高温面温度、約0.3から約0.5g/cm3のギャップ嵩密度、及び約2%のギャップ膨張率における1,000サイクル試験後に少なくとも50kPaの一方の最小保持圧力を作用させる、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記溶出されたガラス繊維が、少なくとも90重量パーセントのシリカを含有する、
請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記溶出されたガラス繊維が、約93から約95重量パーセントまでのシリカと、約4から約6重量パーセントまでのアルミナとを含有する、
請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記溶出されたガラス繊維は、溶融延伸される、
請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記取付けマット全体を100重量パーセントとした場合、前記取付けマットが約50から100重量パーセントまでの前記溶出されたガラス繊維を含む、
請求項1に記載の装置。 - (i)前記取付けマット全体を100重量パーセントとした場合、前記取付けマットが0よりも多く約50重量パーセントまでのアルミナ/シリカ/マグネシアからなるガラス繊維又は耐熱性セラミック繊維を含有する、
(ii)前記取付けマットが、実質的に結合剤を含まない、
(iii)前記溶出されたガラス繊維が、3.5ミクロンよりも大きい直径を有する、および
(iv)前記溶出されたガラス繊維が、実質的にショットフリーである、
のうちの少なくとも1つによって更に特徴付けられる請求項1に記載の装置。 - (i)前記取付けマット、又は(ii)取付けマットへと形成される前に前記溶出されたガラスシリカ繊維が、ハウジング内で脆弱構造体を保持するための最小保持圧力を満たすように、少なくとも約300℃又は少なくとも約900℃の温度で有効な時間期間に熱処理される
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。 - 排気ガスを処理するための請求項1に記載の装置を製造する方法であって、
シリカを含有する溶融形成されたガラス繊維から構成された取付けマットを準備するステップを含み、前記溶融形成されたガラス繊維は溶出され、この溶出されたガラス繊維は、溶出される前のガラス繊維のシリカ含有量よりも大きなシリカ含有量を有し、且つ少なくとも67重量パーセントのシリカを含有し、
前記溶出されたガラス繊維の熱処理を取付けマットの形成前に行うか、又は、前記溶出されたガラス繊維を含む取付けマットの熱処理を、この取付けマットを脆弱構造体に巻き付ける前に行うステップを含み、前記方法が更に、
排気ガスを処理するための脆弱構造体の周りに前記取付けマットを巻き付けるステップと、
前記取付けマットがハウジング内で前記脆弱構造体を弾性的に保持するように、前記脆弱構造体と前記取付けマットとを前記ハウジング内に配置するステップと、を含み、
前記取付けマットが、前記ハウジング内で前記脆弱構造体を保持するために、(i)約900℃の高温面温度、約0.3から約0.5g/cm3のギャップ嵩密度、及び約5%のギャップ膨張率における1,000サイクル試験後に少なくとも10kPa、又は(ii)約300℃の高温面温度、約0.3から約0.5g/cm3のギャップ嵩密度、及び約2%のギャップ膨張率における1,000サイクル試験後に少なくとも50kPaのいずれかの最小保持圧力を作用させる、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記溶融形成されたガラス繊維を処理するステップが、酸性溶液中に前記ガラス繊維を溶出するステップを含む、
請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記ハウジング内で前記脆弱構造体を保持するための有効最小保持圧力を満たすように、前記脆弱構造体を巻く前に、繊維又は取付けマットを少なくとも約300℃の温度で有効な時間、熱処理するステップを更に含む、
請求項8に記載の方法。
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2003
- 2003-09-24 CN CNB038252686A patent/CN1331566C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-24 MX MXPA05003402A patent/MXPA05003402A/es active IP Right Grant
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- 2003-09-24 KR KR1020057005516A patent/KR101058769B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-24 AU AU2003275215A patent/AU2003275215A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2003-09-24 BR BRPI0314957-9A patent/BR0314957B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
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AU2003275215A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
BR0314957A (pt) | 2005-08-02 |
CA2500380A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
TW200407497A (en) | 2004-05-16 |
JP4663778B2 (ja) | 2011-04-06 |
WO2004031544A2 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
JP2009079597A (ja) | 2009-04-16 |
BR0314957B1 (pt) | 2011-11-01 |
MXPA05003402A (es) | 2005-06-22 |
WO2004031544A3 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
KR101058769B1 (ko) | 2011-08-24 |
KR20050055735A (ko) | 2005-06-13 |
US7033412B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 |
EP1546514A4 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
ZA200502511B (en) | 2006-02-22 |
EP1546514B1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
JP2006501402A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
MY134602A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
TWI248492B (en) | 2006-02-01 |
CN1331566C (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
AR045399A1 (es) | 2005-10-26 |
CN1700950A (zh) | 2005-11-23 |
US20040134172A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
AU2003275215A8 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
CA2500380C (en) | 2008-10-14 |
EP1546514A2 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
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